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Nov. l, 1851.] ®»e »*»»»»? 1035
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INCREASE OF PAUPERISM IN MANCHESTER. A d...
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THE FAMINE LOANS. Pending the ultimate d...
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EMIGRATION AND PAUPERISM. The Irish " Ex...
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INTERNATIONAL DINNERS.—ENGLAND ANET "THE...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The New Reform Bill, Meeting At Buity. P...
Were also present . The following resolution , somewhat vague in its terms , was carried unanimously :-« That the present state of the representation is such „ , to render it the duty of every one aspiring to the Srosress of humanity to work for an effectual reform in the Commons House of Parliament . The interpretation of this mystic and impractical iesolution was given by Mr . Lattimore , and he exp lained reform to mean the programme of the National Association .
A meeting of the Council of the Manchester Parliamentary Reform Association was held at Manchester on Tuesday , Mr . George Wilson in the chair , and influentially attended , to consider the propriety of a Conference being held in reference to the measure of reform said to be contemplated by the Government . After a deliberation , in which great unanimity of sentiment prevailed , it was agreed , upon the mo-, tion of Mr . Bright , M . P ., seconded by Mr . Xershaw , M . P ., that the Prime Minister having announced it to be the intention of the Government to introduce a measure for the reform of the representation in the coming session of Parliament , this Council ,
complying with many urgent requests from various parts ot the country , resolves to convene a meeting of the friends of reform , chiefly , though not exclusively , from Lancashire and Yorkshire , for the purpose of conferring on the steps which may be necessary to give due expression to public opinion , and thus to secure such a measure of reform as may be satisfactory to the country . Arrangements were to be made , it possible , to hold the Conference in the first week of December .
Nov. L, 1851.] ®»E »*»»»»? 1035
Nov l , 1851 . ] ®» e »*»»»»? 1035
Increase Of Pauperism In Manchester. A D...
INCREASE OF PAUPERISM IN MANCHESTER . A document has been issued in the shape of a report , by Mr . Harrop , clerk to the Board of Guardians , showing some important results , imputed as consequences to the Irremovable Act of 1846 . That act , which took away , from the guardians the power of removing paupers after five years' " industrial residence , " has had the effect of throwing a large and increasing permanent charge upon the local rates of towns like Manchester . To show , this , Mr . Harrop compares the expenditure of 1846 in outdoor relief with that of the year ending September 1851 . The comparison shows a total average increase over the year 1846 of 1212 families , and an increase in cost of £ 139 . 10 s . weekly . By an analysis of this total increase it appears that , while the English poor in receipt of outdoor relief have only increased from 2463 to 2624 , or les-s than 7 per cent ., and in amount by £ 7 . 10 s . per week , the Irish poor have increased from 427 to 1478 families , or above 300 per cent ., and in amount by £ 132 per week , or £ 6864 per annum . " This enormous increase in our expenditure , " says Mr . Harrop . " I am inclined to believe , is the direct and immediate consequence of the abolition of the power of removal , effected by the 9 th and 10 th Victoria , chap . 06 , passed in the year 1816 , and subsequent acts renewing the same . "
Mr . Harrop states some other facts useful in connection with the question as to settlement and removal , which , it is rumoured , will be one of the great questions of next session . IIu says : — " During the last few yenrn the Poor-law Board have been causing extensive inquiries to be made throughout the country into the practical elf et of the law of settlement , and the result has been most extensive reports , in one of the most iible of which , however , it is stilted that no confidence can be placed in the evidence obtained ; allowing thereby the difficulties surrounding the question . There is , h < m < vcr , much valuable matter in these reports , and much that may perhaps influence the Poor-law authorities in their recommendations to Parliament .
There appears in some of them a tendency in favour of the abolition of the law of removal , rather , I think , from theoretical impressions than from practical proofs of the necessity for such an important change—; i change which , if applied , to Irish poor , it is greatly to he feared must inevitably result in a serious Increase of Irish immigrants into every town in England , and an equally serious addition to the poor rates , < 'vcn ( hough new laws might he enacted , a ^ appears to be suggested , to repress vagrancy , which laws would have the effect merely of filling the houses of correction instead of the workhouses , at a probably iucreasi d cost to the country . During the quarter last ended 1 canned to be prepared a variety of returns , with a view of placing before the Hoard the results of their proceedings an to lelief general !}' , and with the view also to effect any alterations therein which might bo deemed desirable .
Among other matters , my attention was directed to the ordcri ; pi ; mt < < 1 to applicants for relief , mid I iind that out of 11 K ) oases ordered from the . respective relief » 'oan ! n to the workhouse , /> 7 ( i refused such relief , and ecascd to be churgt able ; that out of ( il . 'i persons ordered to the hou . ic of industry to work , . W > refused to K <> there , and coaxed , to be chargeable ; and that out of ^<> l peiHoim ordered to the stone yard , 140 refused to go , ! ceased to be chargeable . Hence , it . will be seen , that one-half of the applicants for relief during the l » i riod I luive referred lo , refused the relief rather than woik at . employment found for them . Again , of the I'umbcr of <>; ihe « ordered to the workhouse , 220 were » 'ihli , and 71 Knglish families removable to their respective places of settlement ; of these Irish families , thre < - lourths jcfu :: c < l to be removed ; and of the Knglish , lather more than one half refused , at the name time ceuBimj ; to bo chargeable , no above otatcd . Thin fact i »
suggestive of the necessity for maturely considering the propriety of retaining the law of removal , especially aa applying to Irish poor .
The Famine Loans. Pending The Ultimate D...
THE FAMINE LOANS . Pending the ultimate decission of Parliament , the " Lords Commissioners" of the Treasury , have arrived at certain conclusion as to what Goverement is prepared to do with the Irish Unions , and the repayment of advances . " My Lords , " having considered the memorials hold that " the present state of the greater part of Ireland , does not ^ call for any relief from the operation of the act ; " that they " cannot doubt , there are districts in which relief must be given ; " that is , in districts where the ordinary rate is quite insufficient to meet the ordinary expenditure , and recourse is had to the rate in aid fund ; that " with regard to postponement , my Lords are of opinion that such a course would only tend to prolong a feeling of uncertainty as to future payments ; " that , as the great object is to restore confidence , " the demands of the Government ought to be definite , both , in amount and also in time ; " and therefore , " my Lords , " think " that remission of payment , either altogether or to a certain extent , according to the circumstances of each district , is far preferable to postponing the pay ments ; " but as the sanction of Parliament must be had to any definitive
arrangement , " my Lords , " are prepared to adopt the following course in anticipation of the measure to be submitted to Parliament . " The Poor Law Commissioners in Ireland are authorised toldirect the treasurer of any unionin Ireland to retain in his hand any sum which he may have received from , or on account of an electoral division in which the expenditure for the relief of the poor , in the year ending September 29 , 1851 , has amounted to 4 s . in the pound en the valuation then in force , and not to pay over to the
Paymaster of Civil Services in Ireland the annuity due from such electoral division for the current year ; and where the annuity for the current year added to such expenditure amounts for any electoral division to a sum exceeding 4 s . in the pound , on such valuation , to pay over to the Paymaster of Civil Services such sum only , in respect of the annuity , as , together with the charge for relief of the poor in the past year , will amount to 4 s . in the pound , and to retain the remainder in his own hands . _ ..
" Her Majesty ' s Government will propose to Parliament that the sum so retained in respect of the annuities due for the current year shall be entirely remitted . "
Emigration And Pauperism. The Irish " Ex...
EMIGRATION AND PAUPERISM . The Irish " Exodus , " as the emigration from that unhappy land has been fancifully called is , it seems , rather encouraged than otherwise , by the landowning class . The Monaghan Standard states that a number of families have left that county during the past week , most of them farmers of the ' better class , and some labourers who had obtained money from relations settled in the United States . The landlords and farmers in some electoral divisions of the Cailow Union are still engaged in sending out able-bodied paupers and their families to America . From the Fornan division , Queen ' s County , 148 paupers have embarked for St . John ' s , New Brunswick . All of them had been in the workhouse , chargeable to the estate of John Edyn , Esq ., at an annual cost of £ 120 more than the entire expense of their emigration ! The average charge for the emigration of each pauper is about £ 3 . Gs . The cost of clothing and maintenance in the workhouse for each had been £ 4 . ' 2 s . 4 d . per annum . Several other landlords , including Sir Charles ( Joote , Sir William Ilort , Lord Congleton , and Mr . Pullard , are carrying out this principle of pauper emigration , as a mode of lessening the poor rates on their respective estates .
As a further illustration of the mode of administering the poor laws and dealing with pauperism , we pive the following letter from Lord Beasborough to his tenants . " llcsHborougli , October 3 . «< * « * I understand that the guardians of the Carlow Union have found it necessary to strike a rate of ( is . in the pound upon the Garry hill division . I regret this very much , but am not surprised at it ; instead of
receiving any assistance from the ratepayers in keeping down the rates , 1 have found that the more 1 did to lessen the rates the more they have done to increase them . 1 gave money to tenantb unable to hold their land , on condition of their leaving the country . They were taken in as lodgerH until their money was spent , and are now a charge upon the division . I have during the last four yearn given very extensive employment in draining , and found work for as many of the poor of the division aa I could . The farmers , on the contrary , have
generally employed KlranmcrK , many of whom arc now chargeable upon them . They can , therefore , only blame themselves for the heavy riite they will now have to pay . If thoy would have listened to the repeated warnings which I have conveyed to them , their rate would now , probably , have not been one half of what it . in . In addition to this , the ratepayer !) in Miltown and Slraduif have been continually bringing Htrangers and lodgers , for many of whom the ( iarryhill division is now paying . " If the farmers are imxioiiH to lighten the rate , they had better at once discharge the strangers , that they arc employing and employ their own poor . If they do thin , J . Khali be ready , aUo , to net some work on foot . It they do not , 1 am only vvubting money in . niy ondeavours to
assist them , and the result of a continuance in their present course must be a constantly increasing rate . " Bessborouoh . "
International Dinners.—England Anet "The...
INTERNATIONAL DINNERS . —ENGLAND ANET " THE STATES . " A Mr . Peabody , the gentleman who so magnificently kept the 4 th of July , 1851 , gave a farewell entertainment to the American Exhibitors at the London Coffee-house , on Monday . Lord Granville , Mr . Abbott Lawrance , Sir Henry Bulwer , Sic Charles Fox , and Sir Joseph Paxton , were the " notables " of the evening . But of all these Sir Henry Bulwer occupied the stump to the greatest advantage . He was warm and generous in his praises of America . As to the part she played in the Exhibition all he had to ask was , What impression had been made upon them with , respect to the mind and character of America ?
"In reply to such interrogatory he would state that , in all that pertains to the practical purposes of life—and he mi <* ht say of death too—the United States certainly stood at the head of the poll . ( Cheers . ) Where should they find such pistols as Colt ' s , which would kill , he believed , eight enemies in a second ?—a reaping machine , which would clear twenty acres of land in a day ?— -or where could they find locks superior to those of Mr . Hobbs ? To proceed a little further , there was that graceful and melancholy statue which well fitted the chains and misfortunes of ancient Greece , which also recalled the preeminent power of sculpture , and , he might add , the preeminent genius of Powers . ( Lozid cheers . ) But againwhat was the small speck which
, they saw casting its shadow over the broad Atlantic ? That little vessel had given the ' go by ' to all the yachts in " our own waters , and that too under the very eyes of a Sovereign whom we are proud to call the ' Mistress of the Seas . ' { Loud cheers . ) But he always spoke his mind , and he thought that if the Americans had given us a lesson in one way , we had also given them another . He had heard of a story of Fox , who , when asked one day whathe thought of a young man who had made a capital first speech , replied that he did not like to judge a man after success , he would like to see him after a failure . Now , they ( the Americans ) had taught us how to win the race , and we had taught them how to bear the loss of one .
( Laughter and cheers ) . He described the modern principles which controlled the diplomatic relations of the two states ^ as consisting in a smoothing away of small and irritating differences ; " whereas , all those great points of honour , sympathy , and ties which must ever connect two great nations which speak the same language , have the same origin , and which do the greatest amount of business with one ano'her—those great points of opinions and sympathies he was for making as much and as widely known as possible . ( Cheers . y The concluding passages of his speech are of some importance to us . We must remember , however , that they are uttered by a diplomast .
When , the other day , he was signing the treaty by which England and America reciprocally guarantee the security of the means of transit , whether railway or canal , which unites the Atlantic with the Pacific , he felt that he was " assisting in laying the foundation of an enduring alliance between the two countries—an alliance which , unlike those of old , waa formed , not for the purpose of securing advantage to > one or other of the parties , but calculated to promote the interests of mankind . " " Feeling , as he did , such a deep interest in this alliance between the two countries , he could not help thinking that if ever there was a time when such a step was required , it was at the present , time . Did they not
see that the nations of the world were vibrating between , two extremes ? and was not some influence required which would moderate and regulate these motions ? Where could such influences be found ho safely and so securely as in a heartfelt good understanding and cordial union between Great Britain and the U nited States . { Cheers . ) He knew that the Americans were Republicans , but what of that ? ( Cheers and laughter . ) lie had but small respect for names , and still less respect for that ' muckturtle ' constitutional kind of liberty which he saw elsewhere . { Cheers and laughter . ) lie did not care what name it might be called , but it was evidently made by bad cooks from calves' heads . ( Ilancwed laughter . ) The foundation of our society in the United States and Great
Britain were religion and law—the purpose of both Governments was liberty and order . ( Cheers . ) Inasmuch aa the Americans loved their Republicanism , let them detest all those principles of division and confusion which would destroy it ; and inasmuch as Knglifihmen loved their Monarchy , let them prize and cherish all those principles which they know will preserve it from dentruction . ( Cheers . ) A Socialist in the American Republic would be an popular as a f . ivourer of the Divine rig ht of kings in our own islund . Hence it wan that he was huppy to see Htanding together side by side the President of the . United States Republic und his Queen , ? Sovereign of
these re-alms . ( Cheers . ) Standing , then , side by side , they alno stood opposed to the anarchist who upoko aa the f . iend of the People , ' mid the absolutist who upuke an the friend of the Crown . ( Cheers . ) Long , then let us Htuud together an the champions of peace , moderation and patriotism , » mo .. g the nations of the world . ( Cheers . ) And if it should unfortunatel y happen that war ever should o . cur , and that war should bo a war oj opinion , let us still stand together-the . red cross ot England and the stars and stripes of America iitloby sttle , mid he had no doubt thut they would be able to leavo recollcotioiiM to their posterity which would be , worthy of those they had received , from theirs . ( Loudcheers . y *
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 1, 1851, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_01111851/page/7/
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