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tUBWBBBiBBBBBiiMBBiH February 2, 1856.] ...
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THE PEACE. The following despatch from C...
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THE RUSSIAN AGCRPTA.NCE. The following i...
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THE PEACE PARLIAMENT AT MANCHESTER* Mjes...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Tubwbbbibbbbbiimbbih February 2, 1856.] ...
tUBWBBBiBBBBBiiMBBiH February 2 , 1856 . ] THE LEADE R . , 99
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l ^^ r ^ ^ ^ BBBWMM ^ M ^^ B ^^^*^^*''*^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^™ WAR MISCELLANEA . Gbiteral de Martimptbey , Chief of the Staff of the army of the East , left for the Crimea on Thursday week , after the close of the sittings of the Council of War . General Levailiant , Governor of Sebastopol 3 who arrived at Marseilles in the last Levant packet is to be replaced in his oorninand "by General Ferrey , son-in-law of Marshal Bugeaud . The Amoor River . —The forts erected by the Rus .-sians at their settlements on the Amoor river have been so strengthened , according to a San Francisco paper , that the English observing officers admit them to be impregnable . The supply ships of the allied fleets have been wrecked , so that provisions and naval stores were scarce . The Governor of Siberia has sent some handsome presents to the officers of the American barque Palmetto . The barque John Baring , of Baltimore , has been seized by the English at Castro , on incontestable proof that she had been landing stores for the Russians ; and the case will be decided before a naval "board .
The Peace. The Following Despatch From C...
THE PEACE . The following despatch from Count Buol to the Austrian Internuncio at Constantinople was received by the latter on Sunday , the 13 th ult . We give the precise text , as it serves to indicate the pressure exercised by the Austrian Government upon the Court of St . Petersburg to induce Russia to accept the pro posals " purely and simply : "" Vienna , Jan . 13 , IToou . " The Russian reply not being a pure and simple acceptance of our propositions , I have , by order of the Emperor , declared-to Prince Gortschakoff that it would be my duty ( qice je seraisr dans Ic cas ) to send him , on the 18 th of this month , his passports , if within that term anoth er resolution should not have
been taken by his court . Gortsehakoff despatched yesterday a courier , and has also employed the telegraph to inform his Cabinet of this communication . " Buol . " The prospects of a speedy termination of hostilities continues to "be the one absorbing topic of the day . A despatch from Paris , dated January 31 st , states that the ambassadors of the Allies were expected to sign the protocol containing the preliminaries of pea . ee on _ the following day ( yesterday ) at Vienna . It is whispered that England and France disagree about their interpretation of the fifth point ( which , it will "be
recollected , reserves several matters for consideration ) ; but it is conte nded that the original draught of the proposals was revised in London , and that therefore the English cabinet is bound in honour to accept the terras as they now stand . England firmly maintains that Russia must not again be permitted to fortify the east coast of the Black Sea , and Austria and France propose that the question should be left in abeyance until the peace conferences have met . It is said that the plenipotenaries will meet in Paris on the 17 th of the present month , and that the debates will probably be brought to a conclusion by the 25 th .
Prussia will be excluded from the Conferences , on account of her not taking part in the war . The Morning Pott says that " it is not unlikely that , if a Treaty of Peace bo concluded , Prussia may then be invited to gi vo her signature to a document of such European importance ; but in . its framing she can take no part . " A story is current that Austria means to invite the Germanic Bund to express its concurrence in hor propositions to Russia ; but this is not authenticated . The Conferences will be held in Paris . Count Buol and M . do II ubner aro still mentioned na the representatives of Austria , and Count Orloff aucl Baron Brunow as the envoys of Russia , The choioe of Biu-on Brunow ( who was tho Russian ambassador hero up to the
time of the war ) , waa , it is stated , submitted by Russia fur tho approval of tho Allies—an approval which was at once aocordod . On bohalf of Turkoy thouamofs mentioned are , tho pres ent Minister at Paris , Melicinmod D jo mil Boy , and Fund EfFondi , M d Asseglio will represent tho Court of Turin , Sardinia , howevor , nays tho Cwislitmionncl , " will 3 iot occupy oxaotly tho same position ns tho remaining alheB of Turkoy . Although oivllod upon to Bijrw a definitive treaty of ponoo an a bolli ^ or out powor , Piedmont will not participate in debates whioh do not m , -,. ° ¦ r dl «* ootly or indirectly her iutorosta . " I Ins limitation is attributed by Homo writers to the peraoyormg smto borne by Austria against tho only constitutional kingdom of Italy .
Tho I un « correspondent of the Daily IVowa reforuto Homo gossip now floating about Paris to tho effect that , at the olosooi last autumn , Aunbria pressed tho Allies wu tormH otl 1 " ™ ^ to th-OBe now agreed on ; ana thnt branoo all but oonsoutod , wliilo England peremptorily refused . Tho Government of Napiloon trion , in a tono of tho grentont oourtoBy , MendllnoHB ana even deferouoa , reminded England ! that , if tho Austrian proposals wwo not accepted , tho war would
become one of extremity ; that " a new understanding must be come to , and the original stipulation that neither Prance nor England was to gain any private advantage as the result of the war must be re-eonsidered . England , it was either said or insinuated , may think the destruction of a rival naval power in the Baltic a sufficient compensation for her sacrifices , but France has no interest in such a consummation , and indeed many Frenchmen think her interest lies the other way . The sum of this communication , as I hear it described , was that France by no means refused to go on with the war on the scale which would be necessary for the next campaign , but that at thia point of the discussion she would be glad to know what she was to get by it , and how far she might calculate upon the support of England in asserting her legitimate claims to consideration whenever peace should be made . However , it appears , and it is certainly not to be wondered at , that the English Government , seeing the drift of the French interrogatories , shrunk from taking upon itself the responsibility of entering into an engagement to support France in an encroachment upon Prussian territoa'y . Instead , therefore , of giving any direct answer to the insinuations contained in the French despatch , the answer sent from London was that , ' upon reflection , ' the English Government would accept the Austrian propositions . " We also read in the Daily Neivs : — The Marquis de Lar-ochejaquelin ' s pamphlet , entitled 'The Question of the Day , is now in the hands of the Diplomatic Corps at Paris . The quondam Legitimist endeavours to demonstrate the necessity for peace , by the following reasons : —1 . The object of the war—the protection of the Ottoman empire—is attained . 2 . The continuation of the war will have no other result than to serve the personal interests of England . 3 . England -wishes to achieve the complete destruction of the Russian , navy ; but that is not the interest of France , for * the latter may one day need : the co-operation of the Russian fleet . 4 . Russia ought to be allowed to develop her power freely in Asia . The writer ' s position as senator alone gives any interest to the hostility which he displays against England . " Russia , according to a statement in the Debccts , has concocted a scheme for evading the fifth point . She has accepted that point , says the French paper , " like the others , but she believes herself included as a belligerent Power in the ranks of those who are to form the particular conditions , over and above the four guarantees , necessary to the interests of Europe . This right , she says , belongs to her as it does to France , Turkey , England , and Sardinia , which are belligerent Powers ; whilst it could not be claimed by Austria , or Sweden , which are Allied Powers , but have taken no active interest in the war ; nor by Prussia as a neTitral Power . " ' Everything in Paris is described as couleur de o'ose ; and it is now asserted that even the Archduke Constantine is extremely niild in his disposition , and that he is oven more disposed to peace than his brother , the Emperor . It is said that certain civilities have passed between France and Russia . The Czar , if we may "believe report , has expressed a wish that the Conferences should Jbe held at Paris , because of his great esteem for the sovereign of France ; and it is also asserted that , in answer to a letter irorn Alexander to the Emperor of Austria , the substance of which he desired should be communicated to the Emperor Napoleon , the latter has addressed a very friendly coninaunieation to Francis Joseph , by whom it has been communicated to Alexander .
The Russian Agcrpta.Nce. The Following I...
THE RUSSIAN AGCRPTA . NCE . The following is a translation of the circular issued by tho Russian Grovernmout t <> its diplomatic agents , in which it announces tho acceptauoo of the Austrian proposals . Thia document is dated St . Petor .-sburg , January 19 : — " Public opinion in Europe has been strongly oxcited by tho intelligence that propositions of peaco concerted between tlio allied Powers and Austria had been transmitted to St . Petersburg through tho intervention of tho Civbinot of Vienna . " Already the Imporial Cabiuot , upon its esido , had mada a step in tho path of conciliation , by pointing out , in a despatch bearing date tho 11 th ( 2 Srd ) of December , published in . all tho foroiaju journals , the suorifiaos whiuh it was prepared to make , with n view to tlio restoration , of peace . " This twofold procooding proved tho oxistonco on oither _ side- of a desire to profit by tho compulsory coaavUiiou imposed by tha rigour of tho season on military operations , iu ordor to respond to tho unanimous wiahes whioh wore ovorywhoro manifoatod iu favour of a spoody peace . " in tho despatch cited above tho Imporial Govemraonfc had taken tov bad * tho four points of guaruntoo admitted by tho Conferences at Vionna , and had proposod , with rogard to tho third p-oiutwhioli had alono led to tho rupture of tho Conferences—a solution whioh dUForod rntlior in form than in flubatanoo from tho ona put forward at that opoch by tlio Allied Powora . " Tho propositions transmitted to-day by tho
Austrian Government speak of the same fundamental proposition—that is to say , the neutralisation of the Black Sea by a direct treaty between Russia and the Porte , to regulate by common agreement the number of ships of war which each of the adjacent Powers reserves the right of maintaining for the security of its coasts . They only differ appreciably from those contained in the despatch of the 11 th ( 23 rd ) of December by the proposal for rectifying the frontier between Moldavia and Bessarabia , in exchange for the place 3 on the Russian territory in the actual occupation of the enemy .
This is not the place to inquire if these propositions unite the conditions necessary for insuring the repose of the East , aud the security of Europe , rather than those of the Russian Government . It is sufficient here to establish the point , that at last an agreement has been actually arrived at on many of the fundamental bases for peace . Dae z'egard being had to this agreement , to the wishes manifested by the whole of Europe , and to the existence of a coalition the tendency of which was every day to assume larger proportions , and considering the sacrifices which a protraction of the war imposes upon Russia , the Imperial Government has deemed it its duty not to delay by accessory discussions a work the success of which would respond to its heartfelt wishes .
" It has , in consequence , just given its adhesion to the propositions transmitted , by the Austrian Government as a project of prelirninariea for negotiations for peace . " By the energy of its attitude in the face of a formidable coalition , Russia has given a measure of the sacrifices which she is prepared to make to defend her honour and dignity ; by this act of moderation the Imperial Government gives at the same time a new proof of its sincere desire to arrest the effusion of blood , to conclude a struggle so grievous to civilisation and humanity , and to restore to Russia and to Europe the blessings of peace . " It has a right to expect that the opinion of all civilised nations will appreciate the act . "
The Peace Parliament At Manchester* Mjes...
THE PEACE PARLIAMENT AT MANCHESTER * Mjessbs . Bright and Milner Gibson met their constituents at Manchester on Monday evening , according to annual custom , in order that they might give an account of their stewardship in the past , and explain their policy for the ensuing session of Parliament . The Corn-Exchange , where the meeting took place , was crowded to excess . Mr . G . Wilson , the chairman of the late-Anti-Corn-law League , presided
, and , after a brief speech , brought forward Mr . Miner . Gibson , who adverted to the part he had taken hi connexion with the removal of the penny newspaper stamp , and denied that there was any fear of the physical force of the East extinguishing the civilisation of the West . He urged a close union of the Liberal party under the old motto of Earl Orey" Peace , retrenchment , and reform , " and sat down amidst much cheering .
Mr . Bright then rose , and was greeted with loud applause . He at once proceeded to discuss the question of the proposed peace , and the terms on whioh it was designed to conclude it . Whatever terms might be acceded to , he believed that Russia woxild be left a great power , that the nationalities would still remain oppressed , and that the ruin of Turkey would be rather accelerated by our intervention than retarded . He had no deaire to conserve the Mahometan rule in Europe ; but be was sorry that , under a pretence of succouring the Sultan , we had in fact been lending to his ruin . What a groom onco said of a sick horse might be said of Turkoy—it is " lingering fast ? . " The terms of
peaco ho highly approved of , because he had reason to believe they would load to a pacification . Their general elFoct was much the same as that of tho terms agreed to by Russia last April at tho Vienna conferences . Sixty years . ago , the Empress Cathorine of Russia proposed that Moldavia , Wullachin , and Bessarubia should be made into a separata aud independent state ; and now it in highly probable that tha two former Principalities will bu ho consolidated . But he did not believo that thair independence woxild in tho loaar , degree curb tho power of Russia ; and , with rospoofc to tho " rectification" of tho Russian territory by moans of taking from hor a portion of Bessarabia , that , as tho Times itself had admitted , is
moro au Austrian than an English question . Then ns to the ' * neutralisation " of tho JBlnok Sea—Russia lu \ d offered at tho Vionna Conferences to reduce the number of luir war whipa , upon Turkoy doing liltowisc , to a point at whioh thoro could bo no umbrage ; and thia w wluit wo aro now prepared to aocept , though , musking it under another name , wo nro endeavouring to ohoab ouraolvos into behoving wo have got a groat gain . But Russia ia to unite with Franco . England , and Auntriu in a troaty by whioh those Powore will undertake to rospoob as inviolable tho territory of Turkey . Well , Russia offered to agroo to a treatj of that kind last April . As to tho alleged duplicity of Russia , how waa it that tho ominont statesmen assembled at Vionna in tho spring—tho groatcst
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 2, 1856, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_02021856/page/3/
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