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4 Jttne % 1855.] THE LEABER. 513,
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HEALTH OF .LONDON DURING THE WEEK. {From...
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NAVAL AND MILITARY NEWS. Tub Ba»uaxjks a...
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STATE OF TRADE, LABOUR, AND THE POOR. Th...
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LETTERS FROM PARIS. THE FINANCIAL ABYSS ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Registrar-General's Quartfptv Return...
every Jive funerals in the country districts ; and the town population is increasing by immigration much faster than the country population ; so that , unless measures for the improvement of the health of the artisans , the tradesmen , and the professional and wealthy classes in towns are immediately adopted , the lives of many , and the vigour and energies of large masses , of the English population will be lost , or for ever impaired .
THE WEATHER . TThese particulars have been collected ' by James Glaisher , Esq ., F . R . S ., Secretary of the British Meteorological Society- ' ] From January 1 to January 9 , the weather was very warm , and the mean daily excess of temperature was 11 degs . nearly . On January 9 , the temperature was as high as 50 _ degs ., and on January 10 it decreased to 26 degs . ; January 10 , 11 , 12 , and 13 , were days of average temperature ; on the 14 th a very cold period set
in , and continued with great severity until February 24 ; on some days , about the middle of February , the defect of temperature was as large as 15 , 16 , 17 , and 18 degs . on several consecutive days ; and the mean daily defect for the forty-two days ending February 24 , was 9 * 5 degs . ; this long period was followed by a'few days differing but little from their average temperatures ; but on March 6 the cold again set in , and continued , with the exception of the days from the 16 th to the 20 th , to the end of the month—the average daily defect amounted
to 6 degs . In January , the temperature was as low as 13 degs . and 14 degs . at different places on different days . In February , it was as low as 3 degs . to 10 degs . at many places in several instances . The lowest temperature experienced about London was 7 degs ., but the extreme lowest temperature was noted at Berkhampstead on February 18 , and was 0-8 deg . ; on the same night it was 2 * 5 degs . at Belvoir Castle ; and it was low everywhere . The direction of the wind until January 9 was S . W ., and from January 10 to the end of the quarter was mostly N . E . The rain has been deficient in each month of this quarter . Snow fell on January 9 , and on every day , at one station or another , from January 13 to February 28 , and from March 8 to March 31 . It was replete with snow crystals , and was unusually dense , a depth of 8 inches producing water to the depth of an inch . We must go back to the year 1814 for a similar
period . PRICES OF PROVISIONS . The cost of food and the state of trade influence the numbers of the births , deaths , and marriages , and , as well as the weather , produce great changes in the condition of the population . The price of wheat has been more than 50 per ' cent , higher than it was in the quarter of 1853 that ended on March 31 , but 9 s . 7 d . per quarter lower than it was in the beginning of 1854 . Beef is 25 per cent , dearer than it was in 1853 , and 7 per cent , dearer than it was in 1854 . Mutton has been cheaper than it was in 1853 , and so have been potatoes . These general results arc accompanied by several puges of tabular matter , of great interest to scientific inquirers .
4 Jttne % 1855.] The Leaber. 513,
4 Jttne % 1855 . ] THE LEABER . 513 ,
Health Of .London During The Week. {From...
HEALTH OF . LONDON DURING THE WEEK . { From the Registrar-General ' s Weekly Return . ) The return for the week that ended last Saturday does not discover any decrease in the rather high rate of mortality which has latelj- - prevailed in London , and which id as great at the end of May as it was in the beginning of the month , and is even higher than it was in the last two weeks of April . Last week 1187 deaths were registered . In the corresponding weekd of the ten years 181 . 3-54 , the average number was 951 , which , if raised by a tenth part for increase of population , becomes 1046 . It appears that 14 . 1 persons died last week more than would have died according to the ordinary rate of mortality in the fourth week of May .
The cla . s . s of zymotic diseases shows a disposition to increase . The weekly numbers referred to it lately , run thus : —211 , 210 , 220 , and ( last week ) 210 " . These 216 cases uro distributed under particular heads as follows : — Small-pox 20 , measles 1 ( 5 , scarlatina 52 , hooping-cough 52 , croup 12 , thrush 3 , diarrhoea 15 , dysentery 5 , influenza 1 , remittent fever 4 , typhus 43 , mctria ( puerperal fever ) 1 , rheumatic fever 1 , erysipelas 8 , syphilis 8 , and noina 1 . Scarlatina , which averaged 40 in some previous weeks , roso to 52 . Three deaths were registered from this disease in each of tho following sub-districts : — - Sfc . Paul Hammersmith , Saffron-hill , West London ( South ) , and Poplar . 17 , or nearly a half , of tho deaths caused by other fuver , occurred in tho east districts . Phthisis i . s much more fatal than any other wpecial disease ; it numbered 1 70 cases last week , about 30 moro than tho usual number in corresponding weeks .
Laat week , tho births of H 55 boys and 767 girls , in all 1022 children , wero registered in London . \ n tho tun corresponding weeks of tho years 1815-51 , tho average number was 1309 .
Naval And Military News. Tub Ba»Uaxjks A...
NAVAL AND MILITARY NEWS . Tub Ba » uaxjks at PAitiuiintHT , lulo of Wight , woro on . Saturday last visited by tho Quoun , who wpoko to HQ Yecal invalided , men woavhiK tho ( Jriiuonu medal . Her
Majesty has also visited the troop transport ship Cormorant at Portsmouth . The Regiments of Cavaubt under orders for the , seat of war will augment the cavalry force in the Crimea to about 5650 sabres . Orders have been issued for the immediate embarkation of two battalions of Rifles . The Militia Regiments seem to be generally recovering from their recent sudden reduction . We may expect shortly to see them in their former strength and efficiency . Another Vessel , attacked bi Pirates . —The Conference brig , Peter , of and from North Shields to Carthagena , was attacked by pirates , off the coast of Riff , on the 2 nd of May . The master and crew escaped in their boats , and afterwards fell in with the British brig Lively , Napier , totally abandoned , which they took charge of and brought safe into Gibraltar on the 18 th of May .
The Steam Gunboat Weser—one of the two for which Sir James Graham , when at the head of the Admiralty , exchanged with Prussia the frigate Thetis — has received some severe injuries near the Straits of the Dardanelles . First , she took fire ; and , this having been extinguished , which was speedily , done , she struck heavily on a rock , and it was only after very great and prolonged efforts that she was backed of £ She then filled fast , and it was found necessary to beach her ; in doing which , she ran over several rocks , and another hole was knocked in her bottom under the engine . On the 2 nd of May she was towed to Constantinople , and was again grounded to prevent her sinking .
The Emigrant Ship John . —The Board of Trade , by virtue of a recent act touching the liability of shipowners for damages in cases of loss of life or injury , have resolved to sue the proprietors of the John , the frightful wreck of which , owing to the carelessness of the captain and crew , is still fresh in the public mind . The claim of the Board against the owners is not much less than 700 / . The inquiry is expected to take place at Bodrain on or about the 18 th of June ; and will be conducted before the Sheriff of Cornwall and a jury .
State Of Trade, Labour, And The Poor. Th...
STATE OF TRADE , LABOUR , AND THE POOR . The Board of Trade returns for the month ending the 30 th of April have been published . Their general results are satisfactory ; for we find that the declared value of our exportations has exceeded by 320 , 679 / . the amount exhibited by the returns of a similar period last year . This increase has been chiefly in raw materials . Cotton manufactures present a favourable aspect ; but haberdashery , hardware , saddlery , metals , etc ., indicate depression in the trade of the colonies aud of the United States . The imports exhibit but small amounts of foreign grain and flour . Salted provisions have been consumed in great quantities , perhaps partly owing to
the victualling of the army and navy . Couee , cocoa , sugar , spices , tobacco , and spirits have likewise met with a large demand ; but tea shows a diminution . Thu imports of other articles have been moderate . Dyes aud dyeing stuffs and oils exhibit an increase ; glass and leather manufactures a general decrease . Metals show an increase in copper and tin , and a falling off in other kinds . British timber has again been more largely used , while the consumption of foreign has greatly diminished . The shipping returns of the Board of Trade for April exhibit still further diminution in the employment of tonnage ; but this has been felt to a greater extent in foreign than in British shipping . The ExT-iso statements for the first quarter of the present year indicate a large decrease in all the articles .
liecent accounts ot tho trade of the manufacturing districts ( says the Times ) show an improvement consequent upon the buoyancy of tho funds , the more favourable prospects of the harvest , and the belief that the abortive uncertainties of tho Vienna Conferences will henceforth bo discarded . At Manchester thero has boon an increased business , although iu the prices obtained manufacturers find it impossible to keep pace with the speculative advance at Liverpool , where the cotton transactions of tho week have been of an unprecedented extent . As they inosfely hold good stock . s of tho raw material , purchased nt rates below those now current , they can , however , afford to wait for a gradual realisation of tho full rise . Tho Birmingham report again describes a tendency to greater atoailiness in tho iron trade , attributable to
diminished production and to the market having by nomo of tho rocont failures been partially relieved from tho operations of linns who , having no property of their own , wero rcuklosH in sacrificing that of their creditors . Notwithstanding tho reduction in the number of furnaces al work , tho price of coals i . s maintained with extraordinary lirmuoss , but important measures are in progress to open now fields and to extend tho facilities of canal transit . With regard to tho rocont , Husponsions , it is stated that tho liabilities of Messrs . Davios , of West Broniwioh , nru littlo short of 200 , 000 / ., and thut their awsots do not promise n favourable liquidation . The establishment of Messra . Toy and Son , of Soho , is again open , tho affairw of tho firm being carried on undor inspection . JSo fronh stoppages of any importance have boon announced , but tho dislruat already caused continues to bo ugtrruvutod
by false rumours . At Nottingham , business lias been limited ; but , on the whole , a more confident feeling prevails , which is assisted by expectations of recovery in the markets of Australia and America . In the woollen districts , also , the tone is healthy ; and in the Irish linen markets there is a favourable tendency . With respect to the appearance of the grain crops , the statements from the various counties of England are on the whole satisfactory , their good general appearance making up for occasional signs of deficiency on light lands ; and from Ireland the reports are especially encouraging . The arrivals in the port of London during the week ending last Saturday are unusually large . The Glasgow markets , both for cotton , wool , and iron , have been very active of late .
There has been a long continued strike of colliers in Gloucestershire and Somersetshire ; and , on last Saturday and Sunday , Nailsea , about seven miles from Bristol , was alarmed by the riotous conduct of some of the " turns-out . " About twenty-eight of the colliers had resumed their work , which so irritated the others that they made an attack upon one of the apostates from their cause who had taken refuge in a public-house . Ultimately , he escaped , though not without serious injury . The rioters then went to the house of another of the seceders , who hid himself up the chimney ; but all his furniture was destroyed . Afterwards , they paraded the village , ill-treating several , and beating and
kicking one man in particular so fiercely that no hopes are entertained of his recovery . On Sunday morning , two magistrates arrived on the spot , and took precautions to secure order . Special constables were sworn in , and several of the ringleaders were captured . This led to a fresh outbreak , in which the women took a conspicuous part , and some of the men were rescued . Others , however , were secured , and despatched to Bristol for safe custody . A telegraphic despatch was also sent to Bristol , when about forty . experienced constables were sent by special train . These succeeded in recapturing some of the ringleaders . During the whole of Sunday night , the Bristol police and special constables paraded the village , and succeeded in restoring order .
Letters From Paris. The Financial Abyss ...
LETTERS FROM PARIS . THE FINANCIAL ABYSS IN FRANCE . ( From a Private Correspondence . ' ) .... You are a . ciphering nation . I am anxious to lay before you a few financial results -which I have derived from unquestionable documents . The Restoration ( 1815 ) found the French Empire with a debt of 63 , 307 , 637 francs of rentes ( Government stock ) , representing , at five per cent ., a capital of 1 , 266 , 000 , 000 francs . The Restoration lasted fifteen years . It created rentes to the amount of 187 , 308 . 054 francs . It extinguished , by a sinking fund , the amount of 51 , 198 , 483 francs . It left , over and above the debt of the Empire , 136 , 109 , 571 francs , representing , at five per cent ., a capital of two milliards ( 80 , 000 , 000 / . ) , 720 , 000 , 000 francs . Louis Philippe reigned for eighteen years . He created 77 , 746 , 064 francs rentes . lie extinguished , by the sinking fund , 32 , 876 , 066 francs , leaving an excess of -14 . 869 , 99 S francs , representing a capital of nine hundred millions of francs ( 36 , 000 , 000 / . ) hi round numbers . From the 24 th of February , 1848 , to the 1 st of January , 18 . 52 , 78 , 665 , 712 frnncs rentes were created , and 83 , 648 , 391 francs extinguished . Tho public debt in that interval seamed to have diminished by five millions ( francs ) of rentes . But this result was factitious , in that , within the same space of time , the floating debt , which was converted in 18-13 , and consequently extinguished , had grown up nyum to large dimensions . At present it has reached a figure of from 700 , 000 , 000 to 800 , 000 , 000 frnncs . Subtract from this iigure a hundred millions ( francs ) , which balance the decrease of the rcntcs-doht , the Empire still owes us from six to seven hundred millions ( francs ) of debt , which will form the first item in its reckoning 600 , 000 , 000 fr . Tho State owes the Bank . . . 00 , 000 , 000 Ditto ditto ¦ • 30 , 000 , 000 First Loan 200 , 000 , 000 Seeond j ' oan ^ 0 , 000 , 000 A third L . mn is announced , nceording to the besL information , of . t 60 , 000 , 000 Tin . ' Jiiiilwiiyft have reimbursed , or itiiul Avith ' iu t ' Hiiino npuoo of time , « bo ,, t 150 , 000 , 000 Tho Empire , then , has employed extraordinary rovonuufl besides tho jj . ulf . ot . : 2 , 340 , 000 , 000 fr . Without mentioning from ono hundred to a hundred and twenty millions ( francs ) borrowed by tho
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), June 2, 1855, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_02061855/page/7/
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