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Aug. 2, 1851.] &%t %t&itt. 737
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HUNGARIAN REFUGEES. o ,„.„ July 29 . 185...
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HAHMONY F V, T I T ION. o national Socie...
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HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK. (From ...
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THE MARRIAGES, BIRTHS, AND DEATHS IN ENG...
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Connection op Mini> avitii Organization....
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Coiiniimial Maira.
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MONF.Y MAltlyET AND CITY INTKLLlOHNfiK, ...
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I BANK OF ENGLAND. I An Account, pursuan...
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. BRITISH FUNDS FOR THE PAST WEEK. (Clos...
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FOREIGN FUNDS. (Last Official Quotation ...
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BUAllV.S. Last Official Quotation for We...
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C O K N EXCIIANG K. Maiik-t.ank, August ...
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OKA IN, Mju-k-l«in\ July Vfl. Wheat, It....
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Land And Population. July 21, 1851. Sir,...
ing that I made no such assumption . I state what I believe to be a physical law , and I give what appears to me to be a proof of its truth . The law , if true at all , must be true under all circumstances , unless , as Mr . Pare seems to assume , the laws of the physical world depend on the construction of society . Then Mr . Pare , speaking of me , says , " How knows he the wonderful , almost miraculous changes in the cultivation of the land , as in other matters , that would be produced by a distribution of the people over its surface , in colonies or communities of from 2000 to 3000 each , as proposed by Owen ? " I answer , that I do not know and I cannot imagine what would be the effect of such a " distribution of the people . '' Does Mr . Pare know , or even think he I knows ?
Neither am I aware of the oftquoted experiments of Mr . Falla and others , as to the relative quantities of wheat as produced by ploughings and diggings , that whilst by the plough , at a cost for labour of 32 s ., 38 bushels were produced to the acre ; by the spade , at a cost for labour of 37 s ., 68 £ bushels were produced ; or , in other words , whilst the labour was increased only 16 per cent ., the produce was increased 80 per cent . ! I repeat , I have never heard of these experiments , nor do I believe in the correctness of the inference Mr . Pare and his friends would draw
from them , granting that the experiments themselves took place , and that their results have been correctly stated . I can readily understand , that under certain peculiar circumstances , spade labour would be more profitable than the plough ; meaning by profit the return yielded to labour . But that it would be so generally I must still think disproved by the fact , that the spade has not displaced the plough . Capitalists are allowed to be , even by those who most rail against them , wise in their generation : and at u time when , for an additional two or three per cent ., they are willing to tranfer their wealth from one hemisphere to the other , I think I am justified in believing , that if by so simple an outlay as an additional 16 per cent , an additional 80 per cent , could have been realized , they would not have been slow in taking advantage of the fact .
But even supposing that Mr . Falla ' s experiments were conducted scientifically , that the result has been correctly given , and that Mr . Pare's inference is legitimate , what possible bearing have these things upon the point where we join issue ? What bearing have they upon the law of return to labour employed upon land ? They would prove , if true , that a fresh step had been taken , or was about to be taken , in the progress of agricultural skill ; but does that conflict with the law , as I stated it ? Did I not , in tho same letter Mr . Pare has quoted from , say , that there was a law in constant antagonism to the law of capital and labour employed on land—the
, law , namely , of progress in agricultural knowledge ; and that the condition of the mass of the people , at any given time , depends upon whether population is proceeding more rapidly than agricultural skill , or agricultural skill more rapidly than population ? An increase in population , not accompanied by an advance in agricultural skill , must necessarily deteriorate the condition of any people , except they have a fresh supply of land , of at least equal fertility to that already in cultivation . Mr . Pare seems to think he
disproves the truth of this by saying , " I assure you your political oeconomy quite fails you ; you are lamentably wrong , for there is great room for agricultural improvement" ! It may be useless , I believo it is , to «• preach this doctrine , " viz ., the duty of being able to provide for a family before you have one , to the Irish peasantry ; but if the doctrine is true , till the Irish peasantry act consciously or unconsciousl y in . conformity to its teaching , their case js hopeless . I remain , Sir , your obedient servant , E . It .
Aug. 2, 1851.] &%T %T&Itt. 737
Aug . 2 , 1851 . ] & % t % t & itt . 737
Hungarian Refugees. O ,„.„ July 29 . 185...
HUNGARIAN REFUGEES . o , „ . „ July 29 . 1851 . in r i ~~ r , P leaso acknowledge the inclosed J ' f -, } " Hungarian Refugees , aa tho small but in MoLr ° £ ° ° ° me of th 0 men employed mnnnf ? Burrou S <* «»<* Watts ' * billiard-table manufactory . % ourB rc 8 p 0 ctfully , A Son of Toix .
Hahmony F V, T I T Ion. O National Socie...
HAHMONY F V , T I T ION . o national Society Office , z . s , John-atreet , Fitzroy-nnuuro , July 29 , 1851 . th ?!? l ) e K to Hay in answer to your remarks on the llnrmoiiy Petition , that the contr . il board have no wish to imwhcato or reflect upon nny partieH ; but to IL ,,, I * . """ »» " « unvarnished Btutemont of fav . tH . A thiil \ \ ! > m th ° b () urd told Mr - ABlmrst in 184 K ci * « lin y r i n ° ' eh tO ob » tr » ct <> r oppose the pro-Diit , ff lessees and trunteoH , and Hhould wait patientl y to see what would be done . bv < m ,,, i ° f lH-titioili"g Parliament was suggested relativ . » » i ° «"! ditor , and had much ; inquiries him , nna J ^ iS ° F ° 7- Th « draft WI > B submitted to careful' !? ttIu « l by him . Tho central board went l b « etU L gK itf clllUBO by "latino , and wore at 1 UUftmmou » « pon it ; they Wero of opinion
that no public good can be done untibthe affair is settled , and have , therefore , adopted this plan , which they are determined to follow up ; and they hope the inquiry ^ vill be conducted in a " happy and genial spirit , and . that ' the result will be satisfactory . I remain , Sir , yours obediently , T . Whitaker , Hon . Fin . Sec .
Health Of London During The Week. (From ...
HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK . ( From the Registrar-General ' s Report . ) The deaths in the metropolitan districts , which in either of the two previous weeks hardly exceeded 870 , again show an increase , for in the week ending last Saturday they rose to 956 . In the same week of 1849 cholera was rapidly spreading , and swelled the amount t 1931 ; but setting aside that year , and taking the corresponding weeks of other years in the series 1841-50 , it appears that the lowest number was 749 in 1843 , and the highest 1201 in 1848 , and within the weeks subject to comparison the amount did not in general exceed 900 .
The Marriages, Births, And Deaths In Eng...
THE MARRIAGES , BIRTHS , AND DEATHS IN ENGLAND . On Tuesday the quarterly report of the Registrar-General was issued . This return comprises the births and deaths registered by 2189 registrars in all the districts of England during the spring quarter ending June 30 , 1851 ; and the marriages in more than 12 , 000 churches or chapels , 2869 registered places of worship unconnected with the Established Church , and 623 Superintendent-Registrars' offices , in the quarter that ended March
31 , 1851 . The return of marriages is not complete ; but tlie defects are inconsiderable , and approximate numbers have been supplied from the records of previous years . The returns still show a great increase of marriages and births . The mortality is near the average . Marriages . —The winter quarter , including the months of January , February , and March , has always fewer marriages in its records than any other quarter of the year . The marriages in the winter quarter of 1851 were , however , 32 , 619 , which is the largest number ever registered in the winter season of any year ; it exceeds by 8172 ( one
third ) the marriages in the winter quarter of 1841 ; by 4190 the marriages in the winter quarter of 1849 ; and by 2194 the marriages in the winter quarter of 1850 . Births . —The number of births registered in the quarter ending June 30 amounted to 159 , 128 ; which is more than the births registered in any preceding quarter . It exceeds by nearly 30 , 000 the births registered in the corresponding quarter of 1841 , when the number was 129 , 884 . The births in the year 1851 already amount to 316 , 512 . The increase is distributed over nearly all the divisions of England , but is greatest in London , in Yorkshire , and in the northern counties .
State of the Public Health . —99 , 639 deaths were registered in the quarter ending June 30 , 1851 ; the deaths in the corresponding quarter of 1850 were 93 , 005 ; and 102 , 143 in the corresponding quarter of 1849 , when cholera was in the kingdom . The annual rate of mortality in the spring quarter ( April , May , June ) was very uniform in the years 1841-46 , or 2-141 per cent , on an avefage , 2174 when highest ( 1841 ) , and 2 077 when lowest ( 1844 ) ; in the spring of 1847 , after the potato failure , the mortality rose to 2 506 , and remained 2 314 , and 2-341 in the springs of 1848 and . 1949 ; in 1850 it fell to 2106 . In the spring quarter of 1851 the mortality was at the rate of 2-228 per cent , per annum , which is lower than the mortality of the three bad seasons ( 1847-8-9 ) , but higher considerably than the mortality in the corresponding quarter of the seven years 1811-6 and 1850 . Measles , scarlatina , smallpox , and hooping-cough were epidemic in many districts , and the chief causes of the high , mortality .
Connection Op Mini> Avitii Organization....
Connection op Mini > avitii Organization . — Everywhere we see the dawn of a better da }' . On all sides are tho signs of rapid development . It has taken thousands of years to arrive ut our present stage , and it may , perhaps , take thousands more to bring man to the perfection of which his nature i » capable ; but hundreds will probably be suiliuiont to place him . in a very advanced position to any which he has hitherto occupied . Let us not , however , bo
too sanguine , for we have to await patiently the growth of the material organs upon which the strength of the higher mental feelings depends . If all things were favourable to Huh growth , it must still take many generation . s in the maun of mankind . It , in not aristocratic or democratic institution ^ neither monarchical nor republican , that measure progrcHH , but this growth of the- higher mental faculties . — { education . of tho Feelings , by Charles Bray .
Coiiniimial Maira.
Coiiniimial Maira .
Monf.Y Maltlyet And City Intklllohnfik, ...
MONF . Y MAltlyET AND CITY INTKLLlOHNfiK , Friday . C . onBolH clotted on Monday at 06 f to \ both for money and the account . The ik-wn of th <> AuHtrinn Loan canned them to drop an eighth on Tuesday ; and on TImimluy thoy closed ut the mum ? price , iXifl to J , both for money and the account . The opening price thin morning wan — CohroIh , 90 s : }• Tho fluctuuiioijH of the week have been -CohhoIh , !)( JK to jmj ; H , mk HtocU , 2151 to 2 Hii ; Exchequer Itilln , 4 <>* to Ma . premium . Tho Forei gn Htock Market hn « been inactive , Sardinian Honp attracting mo » t attention . Y <> Htunluy th « quotations were par , { dbcount , | premium , par , and ft premium , In . Snunioh there wn « not much done . Tint
Five per Cents , were quoted 21 * and §; Passive 6 , and the Three per Cents , 38 | . The other bargains comprised Mexican , for money , 30 |; for tt . e account , 31 ; Russian Five Per Cents ., 114 J ; the Four-and-a-Half per Cents ., 101 J ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents ., 59 * and {; and the Four per Cent . Certificates , 93 and 93 j .
I Bank Of England. I An Account, Pursuan...
I BANK OF ENGLAND . I An Account , pursuant to the Act 7 th and 8 th Victoria , cap . 32 , I for the week ending on Saturday , the 5 th of Jul y , 1851 , I ISSUE DEPARTMENT . £ £ Notes issued .... 27 , 283 , 560 Government Debt , 11 , 015 100 I Other Securities .. 2 , 984 , 900 I Gold Coin and Bullion 13 , 410 , 780 I Silver Bullion .... 33 , 375 £ 27 , 283 , 560 I £ 27 , 450 , 155 BANKING DEPARTMENT . £ £ Proprietors'Capital , 14 , 553 . 000 Government Secuj Rest 3 , 219 , 384 rities ( including I PublicDepopits ( in- Dead-weight An-I eluding Exche- nuity ) 13 , 466 , 021 quer , Savings' Other Securities .. 12 , 389 , 725 Banks , Cominis- Notes 7 , 259 , 180 sioners of National Gold and Silver I Debt , and Divi- Coin 567 , 500 dend Accounts ) .. 3 , 957 , 006 Other Deposits 9 , 583 , 816 even-day andother Bills 1 , 182 , 893 £ 32 , 496 , 099 £ 33 , 680 , 426 Dated July 17 , 1851 . M . Makshall , Chief Cashier .
. British Funds For The Past Week. (Clos...
. BRITISH FUNDS FOR THE PAST WEEK . ( Closing Prices . ) ~ Isatur Mond Tues . , Wedn . Thurs I ' rid . Bank Stock .... 216 ^ 2 15 | 2153 215 « 2 ! 5 | 3 per Ct . Red .. 97 f 97 * 97 f 97 ^ 97 f 3 p . C . Con . Ans . 96 | 962 963 96 S 96 s 3 p . C . An . 1726 . ! * 3 p . Ct . Con ., Ac . 96 | 96 | 96 J ii 6 ? 963 3 jp . Cent . An . 99 98 ^ 98 J 98 | 98 | New S per Cts . LongAns ., 1860 . 9 7 | 7 | Ind . St . lOip . ct . 263 262 Ditto Bonds .. 62 p 58 p 57 p 59 p 56 p Ex . Bills , 1000 ? . 52 j > 51 p 50 p 50 p 46 p Ditto . SIOi .. .. 52 p 51 p 50 p 50 p . Ditto . S : \ viV . 52 p 51 p 50 p 50 p 49 p
Foreign Funds. (Last Official Quotation ...
FOREIGN FUNDS . ( Last Official Quotation during- the Week ending Friday Evening . ) Austrian 5 per Cents . — Mexican 5 per Ct . Ace . 30 J lielgiau I 3 ds ., 4 J p . Ct . 93 J Small .. .. — lirazilian 5 per Cents . 90 J Neapolitan 5 per Cents . — Buenos Ayres 6 p . Cts . — Peruvian 4 J per Cents . — Chilian 6 per Cents ... 104 J Portuguese 5 per Cent . 87 J Danish , > per Cents . .. 1044 4 per Cts . 34 | Dutch 2 i per Cents ... 59 ; Annuities — -4 per Cents . .. 93 | Russian , 1822 , 4 ^ p . Cta , 101 ] Ecuador Honda .. — Span . Actives , T > p . Cts . 21 French 5 p . C . An . atParis 93 . 90 Passive .. 6 3 p . 0 t 8 ., Julyll . 5 S . 20 . Deferred .. —
Buallv.S. Last Official Quotation For We...
BUAllV . S . Last Official Quotation for Week ending- Friday Evening . Railways . Hanks . Aberdeen .. .. 10 J Australasian .. .. 34 J Bristol and Exeter .. — British North American 4 f > £ Caledonian .. .. Hi } Colonial .. .. .. — KuHtcru Counties .. ( ij Commercial of London .. — Edinburgh and Glasgow — London and Westminster i . 84 Great Northern .. .. 17 J London Joint Stock .. — Greats . & W . ( Ireland ) — National of Ireland .. — Great Western .. .. N 0 £ National I ' rovincial .. — Liu lean hi re and Yorkshire HI Provincial of Ireland .. 4 , 'U Lancaster and Carlisle Dl Union of Australia , .. : » . )| Loud ., Uri K hton . & S . Coasl ' . )< 1 A Union of London .. 1 : 5 $ London and lMiu-kwall .. 0 ^ JVHnkp . London and N .-Wewteru l' 2 r > Holanos .. .. ' .. — Midland 4 ; $ ^ lira / . ilian Imperial .. — North lhilish .. .. f > j Ditto . St . John del Key 1 < J $ South-KaMtern and Dover — Cohre Copper .. .. Ji'lJ South-Western .. .. — - Miki : hi . i . ani « ujs . York , Newcaa ., & Met wick 11 ) Australian Agricultural York and North Mi . Hand 50 Canada Dockh . General Steam .. .. Kant , and Went India .. — - ] VuiiiH . & Oriental Steam CH •¦ <"" l <> " -- Royal Mail Steam .. — St . Katharine .. .. _ South Australian ..
C O K N Exciiang K. Maiik-T.Ank, August ...
C O K N EXCIIANG K . Maiik-t . ank , August l . ~ HngliNh and Foreign Wheat ns Monthly ; Foreign taken more freely . Floating cargocs in good lequcHt , ut Is . decline . Itcans und Peas reiuJy Hale , at Monday ' * rutea . liarlcy fully an dear , with large supplicH of Russian Oats , und dealers determined not to purchase except on lower tcrn > H . They hsivo declined again to the lowest point noted about a fortnight ago , and , the bulk of the Archangels being yet to arrive , it hccium probable we may have a further fall . Arrivalu from Ju \ y 26 to August 1-JCnglish . Irinh . Foreign . Wheat .. .. 2440 13 , 400 K . ul . y .. .. . 8 , 810 <> nt . s f )() . f > H ,: W 0 Flour .. .. 17 ; j () < j H 2 O
Oka In, Mju-K-L«In\ July Vfl. Wheat, It....
OKA IN , Mju-k-l « in \ July Vfl . Wheat , It . New 'H ) h . to'lltf . Mu [» ln •'" »• ' <> - ' "' lino 41 — 13 Wliitn - ' > —' - ' <* Old 41 4 ( J lloilrm - " > - Wliitc < lfi - 4 H D r > Oafs , I'ViJit I' — IK Itail . y HI lift '' '"" lH — ' ** M , dli , i . ' . ' . ' . ' .. J 7 — 1 > H rohiixl 1 M — 2 !| Mull .. Ord 4 H -00 „ . * . ' •* " „ ~~ ~ ' * I'inn ftW — - > 3 rot ' ! t ° a 0 — '•»! l ' mui , Hoir »« — ' "' himo " al ~ **
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 2, 1851, page 21, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_02081851/page/21/
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