On this page
-
Text (2)
-
Makch 3, LSGQJ The Leader and\ Saturday ...
-
CnUGSITtRS OV CAMBRIDGE. rpiIE admirers ...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
The Savoy Dynasty. Rphe - Cession Of Sav...
became weakened in consequence of the . appanages which the now king , Amadktts IV ., was compelled to assign to his brothers , AiMONis , Pietro , Fiuppo , and Tiiomas . Piedmont was conceded to Thomas , who added to it Turin , Ivfea , Canavese , and other territories . After various engagements .. and different turns ot tortuneVTurm finally remained subject to the princes of bnvoy until 1262 , when ifc submitted to Charles of Anjou , Count of Provence and King- of Sicily , out of whose hands Thomas III . of Savoy took it . in 1280 , when it returned , with the rest of Piedmont , to -the dominion of--the-reigning line . The privileges which lunn obtained from Thomas III ., from Amadetjs VI ., from Ludotico and . other princes , and which it retained to a great extent until 1848 , secured at least administra
to it , if not political influence , an independent - tion . Under AiiADErs VI ., who began to reign in the middle of the fourteenth century , the Savoyard policy became more decidedly Italian than before . By a change of territory this prince had-regulated his confines on the west and north , and , finding that no further increase could be gained in those directions , -he turned his eyes towards the Peninsula . It was during his glorious -reign ; that the King of France , under colour of the homage rendered to him by the Marquis of . Saluzzo , raised his flog upon the castles throughout that little State ; thus gaining an entrance and an- opportunity to interfere in the direction of Italy . Ajiadeus struggled against his powerful and ambitious rivalwith whose successor his own had
con-, tinual quarrels , but over whom they at length , triumphed in Italy . The . league ot the Italian communes to resist the forces of Barbarossa exhibits Savoy as a principality predominating over the barons , the friend of popular liberty , and , consequently , a power loved and invoked by the people . From Thomas I . to Amadetjs VII . Savoy distinguished itself , in an eminently ehiyalric . age , ' by the gallantry and dtiring of its princes ; . In 1388 this power obtained a footing upon the sea by the voluntary surrender of Nice' to . its rule . The next century was one of absolute monarchy , and saw the completion of the great monarchical work of unification and nationality . The barons became transformed into courtiers , were insatiable m their thirst for riches and lion our , and frequently emptied the public
treasury . , ' - Amadetjs VITL was a great man in- every sense of the word , and became Pope , under tlie title of Felix V ., in 1440 . This prince adopted the glorious device , Sevvire Deo , -regnare . est . A series , of unhappy and unfortunate reigns followed , during which French influence preponderated . In 1521 Ciiaeles III . married Beateicj :, the daughter of the Portuguese kins :, EiorANtTEL the Great , and sister of the wife of tlie Emperor Charts V . The sovereign of " Savoy received from his imperial brotheivin-law the county ofAsti and the marquisate of Ivrea .. This acquisition of'territory was almost the sole good fortune attending CiiAKLES III . He had evils of every kind to contend with . The agitation connected with the Iteformation was now at its height . The country was impoverished SwissFrench
; md desolated by the constant passage of the , * and Imperial troops , while it was compelled to remain neutral i ' lvm want of men and money . . Domestic disquietudes , famine , and pestilence devastated it . " Chabm : s ' s territories were taken from him by the French , so that at his death , in 1553 , he retained only Nice , Cuneo , Vercelli , and Aosta . It may almost be said that the monarchy of Savoy now no longer existed . Beyond the Alps it was occupied by the Swiss and the French ; south of the Alps by the French and Imperialists . The manners of the people hud become corrupt , tho clergy were ignorant and depraved , and the country was reduced to the lowest extremity ,- when a champion rushed to the rescue of Piedmont . Chaki . es HI . left an only son , Emmanuel Philibekt , wlio had for many years fought in the fame
service , of his uncle Chaules V ., and thus acquired great , lining unable to make war against France on his own behalf and with his own arms , he headed the Imperial forces in Flanders and Picardy . After a series of fortunate engagements , at tho buttle of Saint Qiiintin , in 1557 , he struck such a blow at tho power of France that lie obliged that country to make peace with Spain , and caused to be' inserted in the conditions of pencei of Cnmbray , 1559 , that Us states should be restored to him . His illustrious successor , Chables Emmanuel I ., who is well said to have adorned and disturbed two centuries ( 1580—1 G 30 ) did lus beat to carry on his improvements . Ho completed the re-estabhshniont ot the national spirit , aroused , flattered , and excited the passion for national indebendonco , and completely identified the interests ot hia
monarchy with those of Italy . Ho was tho idol ot tho Italians , and his name and person wore popular from tho Alps to the Sigihun non , although no princo was ever obliged . to impose more grievous burdens upon his subjects . Though successful during a great part -of his reign , ho was overcome in 1 ( 320 , and at his death had lost < 3 n \ oy and a great part of Piedmont to Franco . Afresh period of French preponderance began under Kigiteiiku , continued by Louis XIV ; , from which tho two regents , Maiua -Christina , of Franco , widow of Viotoii Amaj > eus I ., and Mama . iovanna , widow of Ciiaiii-ks Albek't II ., were unablo to free tliflmHfllv ™ . ilmnwh both ienlouslv watched over tho independence of themselvesthough both ietvlously watched over tho independence ot
, (• ho State and tho dignity of tho Grown . The poiiod which now Hiioceedod may » o called the period of reforms , economical , legislative , monarchical , and military , and involved a relational movement iitfaihBt t )> o temporal power of tho Church . In tho conrao of one hundred nnd seventy years tho mind and will of five sovereigns < j / r < joted mighty changes . The State was rich in arms and soldiers , rioiended by good fortresses , and had great authority in Italy . Itn dependence upon Frnnce , which bad lasted from 1680 , was felt to bo onerous nnd intolerable to the last degvoo in tho enr y part ot tho rolgn of Victoh Ajpavvvo II . Tho pride and ambition ot
Louis XIV . kept Europe in continual disquietude and suspense , and in 1 GSG Spain , Bavaria , Sweden , and Holland united to form the powerful Augsburg 1 League against him . The Duke ; of Savby accepted the alliance of these confederates , and , having secretly concluded-a league with the Emperor at Venice , June 4 , 1690 , declared war against France . After years of struggle and hardships he had the satisfaction of regaining much lost territory , of again rendering : his State independent , and winning a standing uniong the . allies as a powei" whose aid and influence were not to be despised . In 1713 lie ceded the valleys of Bareelovictta , situated beyond the Alps , received in - . exchange the valleys of Otilx , and had the merit of leavingto France not a single foot of soil ' 'hi Italy , nor ' any . easy passage , for 'invading : the peninsula in '' . future .
Amabetjs II ., who followed Chaiiles EsiMANt'EX I ., after an interval of . forty-five years , like him , reigned forhalf-a-century-. This was a most brilliant period in the history of Savoy . The rege'n « ration begun by Emmanuel Puilibekt , continued by Chakt . es Emmani'ei I . * and interrupted during the reigns of three minors and two regencies , was rapidly carried forward by Amaheus . His health giving way , he aUclicated , in favour ofhis son , CHABLEsEjrarAXUEi . 111 ., in 1773 . The French ; ignin invaded Nice and took Ventimiglia . They ' also desrendod from Uton't Coin ' s and attacked the stronghold of Assiet-ta , but " woiv uHimatcly driven .-back and obliged to rccross the Alps . Iu the long , and glorious peace which followed , Citaei . es
Ejimaxcel exhibited masterly powers of government . At Ins . death , in . 1773 , he . was succeeded by his son , Victor Am ad-bus III . ' , whose misfortune it was to reign at the troublous period of the French'Revolution . The next may be characterized as the era of revolutions . The monarchy of Savoy wAs destroyed in 1800 , and incorporated with France in . ' 1802 . •' ¦ . 'Its title and authority however remained inviolate , preserved in the sevnirAfrican but faithful island of Sardinia . Restored in ' . 4 , Victor Emmaxuel I ., unwisely sought to ignore the progress-made under Napot / eox , and to rt | il ; ice every thing as ifc had been left by Cjiaules Ejimakuki- IV . Tliis caused discontent . The rcvolutic-in of 1821 was the consequence ,, although 1
Victor Emmaxuel ' had then for so-me time-sought to carry out useful measures of reform . He abdicated , and his successor , Chaules FEiiix , was satisfied to liiriit himself to reformins ; the grossest abuses . Not so , however , Ciiahles Albert , who began to reign in . 1831-, and was in principle a thoroughly , constitutional kmg . His ruling passion was the love of national independence . Taking his stand upon a passage in Deuteronomy , he . would , allow that none but a national sovereign could be " a legitimate sovereign . This king initiated -that svstem of enlightened progress and iroedom of discussion which has proved so .. distastefiiljto tlie Conservative sovereigns the caland
of Europe , The French revolution " of 1818 interrupted m peaceful , development of fri-e institutions in ' Savoy and Piedmont . To avoid being swept away or merged into a republic , Rome , Naples , and Tuscany gave constitutions to th & r people aild perjured tlieniselves . " CtTARiKs Albert , with f / tc loyalty of a Icing and the affection of a father , gave , and observed a constitution which Ins brave son , ' who replaced him in 1810 , has honourably maintained , in face -of-dangers and difficulties Of . every kind . He has proved himself the worthy scion of . a noble stock . Tn taking- the lead in the national-movement now proceeding in Italy Victor Emmakuei . is only acting in accordance with the traditions and policy of his race *
Makch 3, Lsgqj The Leader And\ Saturday ...
Makch 3 , LSGQJ The Leader and \ Saturday AnalysL ¦ .. ¦ "'* ¦ 20 . 7
Cnugsittrs Ov Cambridge. Rpiie Admirers ...
CnUGSITtRS OV CAMBRIDGE . rpiIE admirers of . the " good old times , " . the " wisdom of our i- ancestors , " and every class of the " landatorcs temporis acti —•'' together with certain civic lfietropolitan itir . vDAMAXTHi and the band of " nasty particulars , " ' tlio head of which , according to Mr . Roebuck , stands Lord John Manners , with ln > slafi' of eighty tjirco Of the delbalorum qeiiusoX tlio members of tho House of Commons , who voted for closing the doors of tho Divorce Court against the public and the press—should vWt the town of Cambridge .. Jn this venerable emporium of niathcmatical science , aiid butter retailed by the yard , they can condole with kindred spirits on tho degeneracy of modern timesand refresh thuir memories > vith respect to tho
, past , by contemplating tlie actual but isolated existence of the fraction of despotism iii tlio discipline and method of administering of what is there , termed justice . This advico is . given , in tlio hope , though certainly not in tho expectation , that when thoy see how tilings arc administered by the cloistered sages , ot modern monaohism , thoy will be more inclined to accept tho practices of the present day , and confess them to bo an improvement on tho paat . A suitable example has jvust occ-urrocl . A party of young men or students , stain pitpillari ( us it in called ) , us appears from loiters addressed to and published in tho eulinniiH ot o in innocent in omnibusto
contemporary , " w « ro { join } , " , an way an , spend the evening at u village near Cain bridge , when tlio proctors nefcud tho vehicle , took tlio female passengers by loreo to the 'Spinning Mouse , ' and without form of trial , law , or . jiiHtieo , roiitouooil them to woven , and in some cases to fourteen days punishment in that University prison , whioh , w kept solely fqr the reception ot loose fou . ules . " " Noiio of these fenmles , " say tho oprv espondento , " were what is tormod ' unfortunate . ' " Now , bo it known that nil cases of this sort , when brought bolbro tho VicQ-Clmncolh . r or In * deputy , ftvo decided with doora hormotieally Honlea 5 the witnesDuu am uIhu tfic prosecutors , viz ., U » o nfro . otora and their a 8 Bi » tunta > ver . y appropriately called " bulldogs / ' They uro . t < ho ntroujjost nud mOBtquiofc- , footed Hiitollitos that moutoy can procure tododivtv work , and it w on their plivsioal force in ciiplMrhitf dolinqno » tri j and on their »»« ttl » " tropUlity and success nt > witnesses in -eouviotiMtf tliem , that the oiu ploymont depends . So much for closed-dour trials and judgments
-
-
Citation
-
Leader (1850-1860), March 3, 1860, page 11, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_03031860/page/11/
-