On this page
-
Text (5)
-
December 3, 1853.] THE LEADER. 1161
-
THE OXFORD TUTORS' REPORT. A committick ...
-
THE CITY COMMISSION. Various gentlemen h...
-
THE NATIVES AND THE BENCH OF INDIA. Tiik...
-
OUR SANITARY CONDITION The mortality of ...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Theatre Of War In" Asia. (From The Daily...
other . Thus the roads connecting Tiflis and Erzeroum will be the lines of operations for both . There are three roads ; one by the upper Kur and Akhalzikhe , the other by the upper Araxes and Erivan , the third in the midst between these two , across the mountains by way of Kars . All these roads are guarded on either side by fortified towns and posts , and it would be difficult to say which would be for Turks or the Russians the most eligible . Suffice it to say that the road by Akhalzikhe is the one which would lead a Turkish army the most directly upon the insurgent districts of tho Caucasus , and the object of . the Russian general would probably be to turn the advance of the Turks by a corps advancing from Batun u p the valley of the Tchorokh by Otti upon Erzeroum ; the road from Batun joins that from Tiflis only about fifteen miles from Erzeroum .
The key to the theatre of war in Asia , and on either side of the hills , then , is Batun , and considering this as well as its commercial importance , we Jieed not wonder at the efforts the Czar has always been makingto get hold of it . And Batun is the key of the theatre of war—nay , of all Turkey in Asia , because it commands the only passable road from the coast to the interior—a road which turns all the Turkish positions in advance of Erzeroum . Ami whichever of the two fleets in the Black Sea drives the other back into its harbours , that fleet commands Batun .
Now , it is exceedingly probable that Captain Slade ( Mushaver Pacha ) has only left with a division of steamers to support the enterprise of Selim Pacha , and we must expect to learn soon that the Eastern coast is cleared of all the obstacles which the Russians have taken pleasure in creating . As soon as the Turks shall have done their duty , we may be certain that Schamyl will do his , as , though abandoned to his own resources , he has for twenty years successively combated the most renowned Russian generals . Schamyl was born in 1797 . His beard became greyish at an early age , but his hair is light , and his constitution , though apparently weak , has been so well preserved and exercised that he
possesses almost all the advantages , of youth . He is the first horseman , the first marksman , the first swimmer of the Caucasus , though in that countzy able horsemen , swimmers , and marksmen abound . But Schamyl is not only an excellent general ; he is also a most able administrator . Religion is in his hands an instrument of rule , and also an instrument of moralisation and patriotism . Since 1 S 34 , when he succeeded Chasi Mollah , who died at his side at t he breach of Himry , in an engagement with the Russians , not a single act of weakness can be alleged against him .
Sober , chaste , active , comparatively enlightened , he has never employed the power with which he is invested for the satisfaction of his personal passions . The sect of whic h he is the chief is called Muride , and its object is to destroy the schism which exists between the followers of Ali , of Abou-Bekr , and Omar . He has nearl y succeeded in the Caucasus ; and of one hundred tribes different by origin , traditions , and , to a certain degree , by language , he lias formed a people ready to die for their faith and their country . Let Selim Pacha give room for operations , ami let him supply ammunition to such a man , and Russia will soon feel all the
conquests which , during the last fifty years , she has made by cunning , intrigue , and corruption in Mingrelia , Gouria , and C corgia , tremble in her hands , and then slip from them altogether .
December 3, 1853.] The Leader. 1161
December 3 , 1853 . ] THE LEADER . 1161
The Oxford Tutors' Report. A Committick ...
THE OXFORD TUTORS' REPORT . A committick of tho Oxford Collage Tutors' Association have issued their report on tho relation of tho professorial and tutorial systems . We have not space , thin week , cither to insert the report at length , oz- to enter into any comment on tho subject . We must content oui-HclveH with a very brief indication of f ; ho principal HuggcstioiiH , and the main points in which tho tutors differ from tho commissioners . The defects in ™« present educational system arc stated a .-i follows : I . ho first is tho want of a body of instructors , who , confining- their attention to a single branch of Ktudy , Hhall be capable of prosecuting it to its utmost limits , and who may ieel themselves " ut liberty to lecture
up t <> tho requirements of tho subject , rather than down to tho capacity of inferior pupils . The- second elelicicney in the want of an adequate moans of producing ° i" retaining within tho University men of eminence in particular departments of knowledge . " In 1 , 1 hi Com"MNHioiuirH' lioport it was proposed to supersede tho < ; XiHting- arrangements by a development of Uio pte > - lessorial system -to carry on tlio work of instruction t y nioaiiH of pi-o (<> nHor . H and assistant professors , and to «<> in ] H ' , nHii , ( , o tho < : oll <> jiro in torn , by tbo hope thai , would ' »<) hold out ofrituiijv to , tho position of leotmvrn or pro lessors . It wan proposed to "leave the patronage of all new professorshi ps in the hands of the : Crown , and that 01 Jill those not voHtort in Convocation , in tho hands of
a How congregation . " I 1 wium hoped tliat , under mi oh < b " ystoin , privato tutors would bo rendered iuiuoc . om"ary . j ho tutors regard these proposals " as far too rovo' " ""¦• y , ' and disagree with tbo <; oinmisnioiiorn in ji , 1-»> ONt « v «) ry point , of detail . They do not regard pro-^ HHo riiLl lectures , " an especially favourable to tho in-^ peiideiuoo ami noil 1 education oVtbe pupil ; " they look UM ) n fchu position of the assistant professors an uinbigu-1 , juuI do not i gnoro tho necessity of privato tuition an
a means of special training . When the commissioners recommend that examination should be in subjects , the tutors declare their preference for books . When the commissioners consi gn the main > teaching to professors , the tutors recognise a marked distinction between the duties of professors and tutors , regarding the union of the two as necessaiy to the full development of the university system . The tutors purpose to create new professors , but to limit their spheres of operation ; to leave the appointment in the hands sometimes of electors chosen by Convocation , sometimes of the examiners for the time being , sometimes of a delegacy appointed by the legislative body , sometimes of the Vice-chancellor . The Report is very elaborate , and contains sevpral criticisms on the present condition of the professorial chairs , but-we shall resume the whole subject on an early occasion .
The City Commission. Various Gentlemen H...
THE CITY COMMISSION . Various gentlemen have given evidence since our last notice . Captain Williams , Government prison inspector , testified to the excellence of the management of the new prison at Holloway—" a pattern prison for the country ; " and the completeness of the prison visitations by the aldermen . As to stipendiary magistrates he thinks one could do the whole business of the City , Mr . Pratt , Secretary of the General Steam Navigation Company , and Mr . Matthews , a solicitor , rmich engaged in disputes about river matters , complained about the neglect of the conservancy of the Thames . Mr . Philetus Richardson was a solicitor , and deposed that he had professionally purchased the copyright of a newspaper called the Citizen , on behalf of Mr . Benjamin Scott , a city officer , and Mr . Toulmin Smith . The object of the paper was to give reports of Corporation proceedings .
Mr . William Hickson , formerly proprietor and editor of the Westminster Review , and Mr . Williams , M . P ., gave evidence to show that the accounts of the city are in a most unsatisfactory state , largely quoting figures , and putting in estimates in support of their views . Including all local expenses for public purposes in the city , Mr . Hickson estimates its revenue at 1 , 107 , 1541 . It is in the cost of management of the city—120 , 000 £ . per annum—that he finds the great sore and grievance of the Corporation . Mr . Hickson is in favour of a metropolitan municipality .
Mr . Williams gave a history of his efforts as auditor of the city accounts in 1830-4 , and as Common Councilman . He showed that great mystification prevails in the accounts , and fully sustains Mr . Hickson ' s charge of cost of management .
The Natives And The Bench Of India. Tiik...
THE NATIVES AND THE BENCH OF INDIA . Tiik last files of Bombay papers contain the following energetic documents . The signatories are the most distinguished in the Presidency . To the Right Honourable Sir Charles Wood , Bart ., President of the Board of Control , Iiondon . IJmnT iroNOtn ? . A . HLT 3 Srit , —We have taken the liberty of addressing you on behalf of Messrs . XeGeytnnd Grant , lale Sudfler Judges of ( bis 'Presidency , and to point out . a mistake wlii (; h appears in your reply to Mr . Olway in tho . irouse of Commons , on the 22 nd . Tilly lust . You lire there made to state , that , having regard to the feelings of the Native population , you did not feel justified in directing tho rest . orM . tion of the removed Judge ' s .
That the natives were all in ( Uvour of ( lie two Judges , tho aeeompiniymg copies of addressee to Government < m their behalf from the chief cities of ( lie Bombay Presidency will siiflieieiitly certify Hint their restoration would bo hailed by all parties as an act of justice . . 'Messrs . Lo ( icyt , and Grant were loved and honoured by the whole native communit y ^ their ability was undoubted , their honesty nnd impartiality unquestionable ; and to ( heir zenl and integrity in of I ice were added ( hose higher qualities Avbicli link man with man , and which acknowledge no superiority of nice and colour , it is not for us to die-lute any line of
conduct for you lo pursue ; but we are at liberty to ' protest , and now do so , against the statement that tbo ' restoration of . Messrs . Ln («( ' . > ( , and ( Jraiit would not be in accordance with the feelings of ( he unlives . As an act of justice , and to strengthen ( he belief that there is 11 . 11 authority in I 0 i island alive lo the feedings and interests of the native population , we humbly beg that you will see just ico done to tlioso two men , who have been so unjustly ' dealt with , " fn support of our implication , and to prove ' the truth of our asnei' 1 ions , we beg to forward the addresses nbove alluded to We have ( he honour to be , 'Ri ght Honourable ) Sir , your most obedient servmii . s .
( Signed ) . I 1 u . 11 w . tjeo . Too . jeebhoy ; NOwrojee . Tamseljee Hoiniinjee I Inrnnisjee ; IVleer . iiuTcrAli Iv . l ' uui of Su ' ritt ' Ciii'sel . jee Jnnmetje'o ; Kii . 'jtpm jee > . Juniuo ' ljee ; Norahieo . Ja . m : teljeo ; Manuckjoo 'NoHsurwanjoo ; lanijee Manuek jee ( Wii'ijee . lehniifreer ; Mahomed Ibrahim Mucklm , ; Ai ' elit-Heer durnetjeo Daely ; Suecnriuu Luvilnonjeo ; Ali ' Mahomed ; Viirjeewiiiidnss Mndowdnss ; Pursotlundass Mohiin-( Iiimm ; Nurrotunulass Madowdam ; OullinneinNs MolmndiiHs-I'Vniujee NiiN , iarwanj (> e ; Merwanjee . lej < i (! l )! ie > y DIhiii- ' jeebhoy N UHsurwitnjeo ( Jamil ; ( Jursetjee ! JMesHe ' 'rwaniee ( lama , and ujwunln ol ' UOO otluirs . . Honibay , Oetolier , lHf >; t . To V . If . Lo a n , t , 7 'Jsauini .
" DilAit . Sir ,- VV (> , the undersigned inhabitants of 'Memibuy , hnve reael in the . London Mail . of ( , | , ( , 7 f , | , AuguHt lust , with much pain and Hurprine , tho report , of a reply mnde ] on IhniWndol . July last , in tho ilo , iK 0 of (! oiuiuous , by the . I ' rotudeut ol IJ 10 . IJourel of Control , to a mietiliou put
by Mr . Otway , in which Sir . Charles Wood is made to say , among other things , that his reason for not complying with the application of yourself and Mr . Grant to be ¦ restored to the Bench of the Sudclcr Adalut of Bombay , was a regard for the feelings of the Natives of this Presidency ; thereby implying that , the feeling of the Native Community was averse to seeing either of vou again in your former positions . At the time of" your .. removal , in March last , addresses and petitions from this and the other principal towns in the interior , ycre presented to Government , praying for your restoration , and expressing in tho strongest terms the unshaken confidence which the community at large had always placed iu your integritv , iudicial abilityand
, uprightness . We are , therefore , astonished that such a mistaken opinion as that expressed by Sir Charles Wood should have been conceived by him . We deem it necessary , in justice as well to ourselves as to you both , to come forward at this juncture , and to express in the most unqualified language , that we entertain the most entire confidence in your integrity , and in your judicial ability and uprightness , and that it is our earnest' desire and sincere wish to see you restored to your former position in the Sudcler Adalut . We feel confident , that such a proceeding will meet with the cordial approval of the millions living within the jurisdiction of that Court , whose interests are intimatel y connected with its integrity and character . We remain , clear Sir , your sincere and faithful friends
, ( Signed ) Jamsetjee Jeojeebhoy ; Uovyrojec Jamsetjee ; Bomanjee Hormusjee ; Mccr Jaffer Ali ¦ Khan of Surat ; Cursetjee Jamsetjee ; Kustomjcc Jamsetjee ; Sorabjec Jamsetjee , Manec-kjee ¦ Nusscrwanjce ; Limjee Maneckjee ; Cowasjee Jehangeer ; Mahomed Ibrahim Muckba ; Arrlaseer Cursetjee Dady ; Succaram Luximonjce ; Ali Mahomed ; "Vurjeewandass Madowdass ; Pursotumdass Mohundass ; Nwrotumdass 3 Iadowdass ; Culliandass Mohuiidass ; Framjec Nusserwanjee ; Merwanjee Jejoebhov ; Dhunjeebhoy JSTusscrwanjce ( Jama ; Cursetjee jNTusserwanjee Cama , and upwards of 900 others . Bombay , October , 1853 .
Our Sanitary Condition The Mortality Of ...
OUR SANITARY CONDITION The mortality of the metropolitan districts , says the Registrar-General , has risen considerably during the week . In the -preceding week the deaths registered were 1162 ; in the week that ended on Saturday last they were 1339 . The mean weekly temperatuz'e has suffered a great fall . In the last week of October it was 55-5 deg ., in the four weeks that followed it was 48-9 deg ., 457 deg ., 3 S" 5 deg ., and ( last week ) 3 G" 7 deg . In the ten corresjionding weeks of the years 1 S 43-52 , the average number of deaths was 1093 , which , raised in proportion-to increase , of population , becomes 1202 . There is an excess in last week ' s return amounting to
137 . Diseases of the respiratory organs have suddenly become more fatal ; they rose from ISO in the preceding to 297 in the last week ; in this cl ass bronchitis rose from GS to 134 , pneumonia from 92 to 124 . Phthisis was fatal in the two weeks respectively in 133 and 1 G 0 cases . Cholera , it is gratifying to observe , subsides , and List week was fatal to only 4 ( i persons . In the first fourteen weeks of the . epidemic of 1848-1 )
( reckoning from 1 st October ) , it destroyed 529 persons ; in the same number of weeks of tho present , attack , commencing 21 nt August , it has carried oiF . 744 , or 215 persons more than in the former . But the epidemic beginning at an earlier season in 1 H / 53 , the mean temperature has been on an average 5 do <<\ higher , and making allowance for this circumstance , there dotiH not appear any Kiiflioiont ground to conclude that tho distemper now prevailing is of a more virulent character than ithat of 1848 .
At tbo meeting- of the City Commission of Hewera , on TuoHilay , Mr . John ( Simon , their able oflicer o ' f health , read his annual report on the- sanitary condition of the metropolis . It is a document of immense length , and we can only hope to give our readers some idea of its contents by summing up the chief points and giving a specimen of the document itself . Mr . Simon reported the number of elea , f , hs which bad talc ( Mi place ; in the fifty-two weeks previous to M'ichaehnas last a , I , ;} 0-l (> , being 2 /> fewer than in the last ; preceding similar period . As the population of tbo City wa , s about I < ' ! 0 , 000 , the average rate of mortality during tho last five years had been twenty-four per thousand per annum . The healthiest sul ) -dintriet ( tho north-wost sul ) - West London 2 O . T . 8 iH . Hi , City of Lonelon l . f > . ()( $ 7 I . 7 U Average 1 ( 1 . 85 8472 To tho annual avorugo of 3120 deaths , typhus had
-
-
Citation
-
Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 3, 1853, page 9, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_03121853/page/9/
-