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No 506 Pec. 3, 1859.] THE LEADER 1313
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THB SHIPPING INTEREST. On Tuesday at the...
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IRELAND. Tub Freeman's Journal says, " W...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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A Great Liberal Demonstration Took Place...
dition of a year ' s previous occupation to July , winch he said would , in the case of a person coming into possession of a house aftef the 1 st of January , keep him without the franchise for three years and a half , and would disfranchise three-fourths of the poorer class of householders . He ( Mr . Williams ) held that every man 21 years of age , and untainted by crime , was entitled to vote . ( Loud cheers . ) But this he did not expect to see ; but he would always stand up . manfully for household suffrage , which was the old scot and lot right , which had existed for many centuries after the first Parliament .
At Manchester , on Wednesday , Lord Stanley presided at the meeting of the Ragged School , and made a long and eloquent speech in favour of ragged and industrial schools . In the course of his address he said , "I have accepted with pleasure the invitation to preside at this meeting , because it seems to me that the work which the managers and supporters of the Manchester Ragged School have taken in hand to do—the promotion of industry and . the discouragement of crinvv—is one of the most practical , useful , and important which can engage the attention of society . Alter tracing the progress of this and similar institutions , he added , " What you have to do is , not to give a high intellectual training ,
not to bring up the child so that it shall be ah object of envy to honest and industrious parents , but to train it , physically and morally , for the duty which a labouring man or woman in this country has to discharge ; to make it healthy , strong- patient of labour , honest , and truth-telling ; and to correct those roving , restless , and unsatisfied habits which are almost invariably found in children who have been irregularly brought up . If you succeed in doing this , if you succeed even in partially doing this with . one generation , you will largely and permanently diminish the amount both of immorality and pauperism in England . For there is no fact better attested than the strong
tendency of both pauperism and crime to become hereditary in certain families and localities . Paupers breed paupers ; vagrants breed vagrants , and habitual law breakers have for the most part been brought up in disorderly homos . His lordship proceeded to show the great benefit that had been , derived of late years from industrial schools and _ reformatories , and continued—This whole question of reclaiming and reforming the idle , the vagrant , and the incipient criminal , is one which needs constant caution tn rlo . il with ; a mistake nnv take us veryfar wrong , uiul our experience is as ^ yet vi' very recent date . We all , I trust , feel the duty which society imposes , ami the claims which posterity has upon U 9 . JFroin those who went before us we have
inherited many benefits '—a long peace , a vast increase of wealth , valuable administrative reforms , a better and more cordial feeling between class and class . Much remains to he done ; much is required at our hands ; but we shall have paid no small part of iho debt which we owe to our successors if we cut off the most fertile source of crime by reclaiming those who are brought up to it as a profession ; if we get rid of that class , uncivilised and dangerous in the midst of civilisation and security , which is the reproach of our f » reat nnd populous cities ; if we show by labour in tho cause of those who are least able to help themselves , that English citizenship is a reul bond of union , and English religion something more than iv form of belief .
No 506 Pec. 3, 1859.] The Leader 1313
No 506 Pec . 3 , 1859 . ] THE LEADER 1313
Thb Shipping Interest. On Tuesday At The...
THB SHIPPING INTEREST . On Tuesday at the . London Tavern there was n grand demonstration of what is called the suffering ship interest . It -mustered nn influential platform and a largo audience at the London Tavern , and Mr . CrawforJ , M . P ., was called upon to take tho chair . > v Mr . Somijs , M . P ., gave the key ipote of the meeting on proceeding to move the first resolution , by the Statement that , unless measures Of relief were afforded to tho sufferers , mi inquest would liavo to be held upon the shipping interest , Mr . JBramm-: y Mookh , who seconded the resolution , tools his stand , without any hesitation , upon the old Protection doctrine , Urging that tho Navigation Lawa ought never to have been repeated . Mr . Lindsay , Mil ' ., rose amid mingled applause and disapprobation , lie said—I have received an invitation from tho Shipowners' Association to attend this meeting , and 1 thought it my duty to do so . But when 1 hour the resolution that has been road , and the remarks of Mr . Bra nil ey Moore , interestedaa I am as a shipowner , and still more « o ela a representative of a large maritime constituency , I cannot help coming forward to venture upon a few remarks . I do not vise in a spirit of hostility , for your object is to proclaim to England and to the Legislature that the shipping interoat for some time has suffered , and is still su Her ing , under groat depression , nnd the object of tho present meeting is to consider tho best mode by whioh the Legislature can relievo the shipping in torest front that depression .
I hold •¦ that the establishment of a free-trade policy has nothing whatever to do with the existing depression in the shipping interest ; and , therefore , I ain bound to come forward and offer my dissent . This resolution asks us to confirm a memorial which the Shipowners' Society of London , this time last year , addressed to her Majesty . I , for one , cannot be a consenting party to tha . t resolution or memorial , because I believe firmly that the opinions expressed therein are fallacious , and I will endeavour to show you how and why . What is the prayer of that memorial ? That memorial urgently requests her Majesty to issue an Order in Council against those
nations that have not reciprocated with us . I am in favour of reciprocity—it is free trade in its most extended sense—but I ask you to look at the difference between reciprocity and the enforcement of reciprocity by the Legislature . Enforced reciprocity , as asked for you in the memorial , is protection in its worst and most pernicious form . It is so because it is retaliation . It is a war of tariffs ; therefore it is a war of protection .. It is to go back not merely to what we had in the days of Huskisson , but if we have enforced reciprocity we go back to the state of protection that existed under the laws of Cromwell . We must riot retrograde . Our course is
onward . ' Mr . G . F . Young . —I rise to order . ( Cheers , and a few cries of " No , no . " ) Sir , I will not so far depart from the usages of debate as to introduce a speech on rising to order , but will submit that the course of discussion is irregular and unfair . The hon . member has publicly challenged me to discuss this particular point with him . I have accepted his challenge ; but he has shrunk from it . I will , however , repeat it , and if he will meet me in a proper time and at a proper place I pledge myself to disprove every word and every sentiment he has uttered . ( Great cheering . ) This is a question , however , that I willnot discuss here . . ...
, , Mr . Lindsay endeavoured to proceed with his remarks , and amidst great confusion said : — -I can prove to you by undeniable facts that the British shipping interest , however much it may be distressed at the present time , has been a gainer by the policy of free trade ( shouts of disapprobation ) , and that it is not for your interest , as shipowners , to reverse that policy . You , no doubt , wish to confine your trade to your own possessions , but what , 1 ask , would England be if it were not for the ^ vast magnitude of her trade with foreign countries ? On rclerrWiir to tlio g .: ; to : n > ' entries M ± ^™ " ™ - it the 5000000 t of
will be found that out of ,, ons British shipping annually so entered 2 , 000 , 000 came from our own colonies and dependencies , but that no less than 3 , 000 , 000 of British shipping are entered from foreign countries ; thus proving that our trade with foreign countries is much more valuable to us than the trade with our own possessions , and thus proving , further , that our trade with foreign countries is of greater advantage even to the British shipowner than our trade with our own colonies and . dependencies . If , instead of the resolution proposed you adopted such a resolution tion as I have sketched out since I have been in the
room it would have been better for your interest . You may not think it for your interest , but the day will come when you will find it for your interest , If , instead of the resolution that has been put , you would take a . sample resolution to this effect , I would propose— "That a petition be presented to both Housos of Parliament , praying for an inquiry into the actual condition of British navigation , and for relief from all peculiar burdens and restrictions that still felter maritime enterprise . " If , instead of looking after tho shadow , you woultl follow aud grasp at tho substance , it would be bettor for you . but the excite
There were several other speakers , - ment continued to increase . Mr . BKASLBY . of Liverpool , excited great confusion by one part of the speech he delivered , and it was even doubtful whether the mooting could be carried oh . The . business , however , proceeded , and it was not surprising that whore so much excitement raged , the renowned and gallant Captain Ackcrley should have risen from his ashes like the Phoenix , iand created great disorder in the combined ranks of the Protectionists . . In the end , tho authorised resolutions were adopted , < ind a petition was passed , which will be entrusted to Lord J . Russell , although ' an indignant gontloniau declared that tils lordship would betray them . A deputation will alBO wait upon tho Primo Minister .
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a large inland lake . It had no known outlet , and according to the report of the natives on its banks , it was separated from lake Nyinges by a tongue of land only five or six miles broad , and the southern end they discovered to be no more than thirty miles distant from a branchof the navigable Shire . Much , delay had been occasioned by the formalities necessary to convince every little great man that they vrere not a company of marauders . The water of the Shirwa had a bitter taste , but it was drinkable . Fish abounded , and also alligators and hippopotami . When the southerly winds blew strongly the water was said to retire sufficiently from that side to enable the people to catch fish in weirs planted there .
The lake was of a pear shape , only the narrow portion was prolonged some thirty miles south of the body where the travellers stood . There was an inhabited mountain island near the beginning of the narrow part . The broad portion , might be from twenty-five to thirty miles broad . Its length might be :. from sixty to seventy miles ,, not including-the southern narrow portion of thirty miles ,. The height of ¦ the lake above Chibisa ' s Island ,. where they left the ship , was 1 , 800 feet , and 2 ; 000 feet above the level of the sea . Mount Zoinba , in its neighbourhood , was 6 , 000 feet high . The natives reported that the Shirwa was separated from a much larger lake , called the Nyingesi .
The whole region was well , though not densely peopled . The Portuguese did not even pretend to- know- Shirwa . Frequent inquiries were made of the natives as to whether any white men had ever visited them before , and they invariably replied in the negative . Dr . Livingstone , therefore , claimed the first discovery for himself and Dr . Kirk , who accompanied him , although the Portuguese claimed the honour fpr themselves . The travellers had proceeded 150 miles without once coming into collision with the natives . The jtfanganya cultivated the soil very , extensively , and more men than women were sometimes , seen at this occupation . The soil was very rich , the
arrass generally from six to eight feet long . A . few yards distance often completely hid a companion , and guides were always necessary . Gardens were common high up the hills , and on their tops . Cotton was cultivated extensively , and the farther they went the crop appeared to be of the greater importance . The w-omen alone were well clothed with the produce , the men being content with goat skins and a cloth made of the bark of certain trees . Every one spun . r . P' 1 « 'ove . <* ptton . TCven chiefs wore " to bu seen \ vi . ih the spindle and disiaif . TJie process of manufacture was the most rude and tedious that could be conceived . There were two varieties of the plant , and there were no insects to
spoil it . Tlie Mangaya had no domestic animals except sheep , goats , fowls , and dogs . Provisions were cheap aud abundant . The weapons of the men were large bows and poisoned arrows . Every one carried a knife , and almost every village had a furnace for smelting black magnetic iron ore . A people to the NN . W . had manufactured a rude imitation of a pistol , which they fired only on occasions of mourning . They were not aware that it could propel a ball . During this journey Dr . Livingstone and Dr . Kirk slept twenty nights in the open air and on the ground . Still they returned from their march of twenty-two days to tho ship in g-ood health . A paper was also read from Dr . Livingstone , which was received on Nov . 13 , 1853 , on the navigation of the Zambesi , which he stated to he nnvilos
DR . LIVINGSTONE . On Monday at tho meeting of tho Royal Geographical Society a paper was read giving tho latest accounts of tho Central African Expedition , as transmitted by Dr . Livingsbono . Tho paper wa » very lonuthy , and only tho' most interesting portions wereread . The first portion which was dated May IS , 18 fil > , and addressed to tho Earl of MuhnoBUury , gave an account of Dr . Livingstone ' s journey to bhlrwa ,
gable . In ascending tho river they burped no * than 150 tons of lignum vitro to generate steam , the value of which , at London prices , xraa £ O 0 Q . In the midst of great disadvantages they had travelled no loss than 2 , 350 miles of river . Irom Ootober , 1838 , to June , 1850 , . 0 , 782 elephants' tusks had gimo down the Zambesi from Tetie ulono . TVo-thinls ot these were larae , or upwards of 30 lb . each , an , the weight of the whole J 100 , 000 lbs . The merchandise was convoyed in unwieldly canoes , which cost from £ 00 to . £ 70 each , The Americans , woqo absorbing all the trade of the east coast below Zanzibar . Iho doctor said the only paper hu rec " eivc ; d was one containing an account of a meeting of the society , m which it was affirmed that the rivor Zuinbo » i was not navigable . That read strangely to him who was then navigating tho river . Tho President ujho read extracts from lottorB which had been addressed to himself , and announced that o had tho assurance of Lord J . liusscll , the Foreign Secretary , that every aid which he could nflord would lie given to Dr . Livingstone .
Ireland. Tub Freeman's Journal Says, " W...
IRELAND . Tub Freeman ' s Journal says , " Wo understand an autograph letter from his Holiness has roaohed Ireland . We ar 6 not yet at liberty to eoinnmnicute the recipient of this iiflojjiontous document—for momentous it is , and calculated to produce the most profound effect on the Catholic world—but that it has ttutually been written by Pope Plus and transmitted
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 3, 1859, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_03121859/page/5/
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