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940 THE LEiPEB. [No. 341, Saturday,
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RUSSIAN DECLARATION OF POLICY. The subjo...
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CONTINENTAL NOTES. ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ . ¦ ¦' ; FRA...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Accidents And Sudden Deaths, Mr. J. Ashb...
near the Blackheath Tunnel . The waggons -were being shunted across the line ; the train -was proceeding at the rate of from twenty to twenty-five miles an hour . Several of the carriages were shattered ; but no lives were lost , although nine of the passengers were severely injured * ¦ A poor Irish lad , named Rooney , who was in the habit of frequenting the stable-yard of the inn at Musselburgh , in Scotland , picking up a precarious livelihood , and sleeping'hi the vehicles or other shelter at night , has met-with a horrible death , similar to "that which , forms the subject of the ballad of " The Bfistletoe Bough . " He had apparently gone into the box of a mail cart to pass the night , ana closed upon himself the lid , which fastens with a self-acting spring . No one residing at hand , his cries and struggles were evidently unheard , but his agony must have been severe , as it was found that several blood-vessels had burst in his efforts to
escape his appalling fate . When the box was opened , life was completely extinct . Some men employed in sinking a well at 49 , Hue des Amandiers Popincourt ( says Galignani ) , complained to their employer ,, M . Levez , that at the depth at which they had arrived there was such an intolerable smell they could not continue their labour with safety- He reproached them with being too timid , and , to prove ' that they were so , caused himself to be let down into the well ; but no sooner had he reached the bottom than he fait himself half suffocated by gas , and signalled' to be pulled up . The men immediately proceeded to raise him ; but , before he had got halfway up , he was obliged to let go the rope , and he fell to the bottom . He was immediately got out , and a medical man was summoned ; but death had already ensued .
An explosion , took place at the paper mills of Messrs . "Wansborough and Co ., Watchet , Somerset , last Saturday , about seven o'clock in the morning . The proprietora had just erected an additional toiler , to act as an auxiliary to the one usually employed , which was not sufficiently "powerful to drive the heavy machinery of the works . The second boiler was not a new one , and , before it was fixed , it was feared by some « f the workmen employed there that it would not prove strong enough to resist the pressure required to be put upon it . Soon after the workpeople commenced operations on Saturday , their fears were realized . The boiler , weighing about four tons , was carried into the air to > an immense height , and propelled over a cottage in which a family of children was in bed ; but the workmen escaped with their lives , though one was driven about twenty yards by the force of the explosion , and sustained a few bruises . The loss to the owners is estimated at nearly 1000 ? .
The roof of a coal-mine at the Dunkirk Colliery , Guide-bridge , near Ashton-under-Lyne , fell on Tuesday upon a number of men at work . There was a fault in the seam of coal at the place , winch , is three hundred yards from , the bottom of the shaft , and . the working of such parts of a mine is always attended with danger , both on account of looseness in the roof and the collection of foul air . Six men were buried under the falling mass , which was twelve yards by seven in area , and in some places nine feet thick . By three o'clock in the afternoon , when a great portion of the fallen earth had been removed , the whole of the six persons were discovered , one of whom had not suffered any injury . One man sustained a fracture of the leg and a dislocation of the hip . The other four ( who were all young men ) were taken out dead .
James Beresford , a milkman residing at Woodside , Sheffield , was run over on Monday night by a train on the Midland railway . One foot was cut off , and the other very much crushed . He was discovered the following morning by the driver of a passing train , who sent assistance to him , and he was conveyed to th « Sheffield Infirmary . Death , however , ensued in the course of a few hours . A porter on the Eastern Counties Railway has been knocked down by an advancing train while signaling another train . It seems that the signal-post is dangerously near one of the lines of lail .
940 The Leipeb. [No. 341, Saturday,
940 THE LEiPEB . [ No . 341 , Saturday ,
Russian Declaration Of Policy. The Subjo...
RUSSIAN DECLARATION OF POLICY . The subjoined is a translation from the Cologne Gazette of the circular despatch which Prince Gortschakoff—the now Minister of ForeigH Affairs for Russia—has addressed to the representatives of his sovereign at foreign courts : — „„ ,, "Moscow , Sept . 2 . "The treaty signed at Paris on the 80 th ' March , in putting an end to a struggle the proportions of which threatened to extend still further , and the final issue « f which was beyond human calculation , had for its object to establish
re- the normal statoof international relations in -kuropo . Tho Powers which Iiad coalesced against wa ™ w ? fn thdr motto re 8 P ° cfc for the ri e «* a"d > nd « - s ==- ™ - » ^^ Si xx » r , Ti o ^ st . ' t a ^ . Tr ssfAsyterSrSftSHS cur adversaries , an * wo feel tho greater p WoTn « -
adverting to those principles , seeing that they have never ceased to be our own . We have aio wish to do any one of ihe European Powers the injustice of supposing that they made use at that time of mere words to suit the occasion , and that each of them may "think itself authorized , now that the contest is over , in adopting a line of conduct in conformity with its own peculiar interests and calculations . "We accuse no one of having used those words solely as a weapon momentarily taken up with a view to extend the seat of war , and which is then laid aside in the dust of the arsenal . " On the contrary , we prefer to believe that all the Powers which recognized these fundamental principles did so with perfect loyalty and entire good faith , and with the genuine intention of conforming to these principles under all circumstances .
" Taking this for oar starting point , we are bound to presuppose that all the Powers which took part in the last war had , like our august master , the intention of making the general peace serve as a fixed radical point for re-establishing relations based on a respect for the right and independence of Governments . Has this hope been realized ? Do -we see the normal state of the international relations re-established ? " Without wishing to enter into minute details connected with questions of secondary interest , we are compelled to state , with regret , that there are two countries forming part of the European family , where in one a regular state of things does not yet exist , and in the other it is threatened to be compromised . We wish to speak of Greece and the kingdom of Naples .
" As for the occupation of the Hellenic soil , consummated against the will of the sovereign and the feelings of the people , by foreign troops , there is now no longer ¦ the slightest reason for prolonging it . Political motives might to a certain extent explain the violence inflicted on the sovereign . The necessities of war , more or less real , might be alleged for giving a colour to this infringement on the authority of right . But at this moment , when none of these motives can any . longer be invoked , it appears "to us impossible to justify before the tribunal of equity the further piesence of foreign troops on the soil of Greece . Thus , the first words pronounced by our august master when the re-establishment of peace had enabled the Emperor to raise Ms voice were clear and precise . We have never dissembled our opinion in the Councils of the Cabinets , and we shall continue that course .
"We consider it bur duty , however , to add that , although the results have not fully answered our expectations , we retain a hope that we shall not remain isolated on a ground where right and justice are evidently in favour of the cause which we defend . "As to the kingdom of Naples , if the question , is not to find a remedy , it appears to us that it is time to seek a means of prevention . The King of Naples is tie object of a pressure , not because his Majesty may have transgressed some of the engagements imposed on him by treaties with foreign courts , but because , in the exercise of his incontestable rights of sovereignty , he governs his subjects as he thinks proper .
" We can understand that , in consequence of a friendly foresight , one Government might offer to another advSce inspired by kind interest , and that this advice might even assume the character of exhortation , but we think that that is the extreme limit at which it ought to stop . Less than ever is it now permitted in Europe to forget that sovereigns axe equals among themselves ; and that it is not extent of territory , but tho sanctity of the rights of each , which regulates the relations existing between them . To wish to > obtain from the King of "Naples concessions as to the internal administration of his States by threatening demonstrations is to substitute one ' s self by violence in lieu of his authority , is to wish to govern in . his place , is to proclaim without disguise tho right of tho strong over the weak .
" It is needless for us to point out to you the opinion that would be entertained by our august master respecting such pretensions . His Majesty desires to retain the hope that they will not be put in practice ; and he is tho tnoro strongly imbued w 3 th this hope , « s it is also tho doctrine wnich tlie States wliero the principles of political liberty aro the most fully devoloj ) ed have always advanced as their essential profession of faith , and , indeed , to such an extent that they have endeavoured to apply this doctrine even where circumstances did not admit of its beiug done , save by a forced interpretation . " You will have the goodness to take care , whenever the two questions in point shall bo raised at your phico of residence , not to allow any doubt to hang over tho view takon of them by our august roaster . This uniesorvodness is a natural consequence of the system which the Emporor adopted on tno day ho took possession of the throne of Ida ancestors .
" This system is not unknown to you . Tho Emperor wishes to live in good harmony with all Governments , and his Majesty thinks that tho best means of attaining that object is not to conceal his ideas on any questions connected with public Europoan right . The faisceau of those sovereigns -who for long yeara have supported with us tho principlos to which Europe owes more than a quarter of a century of peace no longor exists in its ancient integrity . The will of our august master is foreign to this result . Circumstances have restored to us our full liborty of action . Tho Emperor has decided to dovoto by proforonco all his solicitude to tho welfare
of his subjects , and to concentrate on the development of the internal resources of the county an activity which would not be diverted by things abroad , unless the positive interests of Russia should imperiously demand it " Russia is reproached with isolating herself , and keeping silent in presence of facts -which do not accord with either law or equity , and it is said that Russia sulks . Eussia does not sulk—she meditates . ( La Hussie bande , dit-on . La Russie ne bouXe pas ; la Mussie tt > recueille . ) As to the silence of which we are accused call to mind that ' short time
we may a ago an artificial agitation was organized against us , because our voice was heard whenever we thought it necessary to support right . This action , tutelary for many Governments and for which Russia herself derived no benefit has been laid hold of to accuse us of tending to I icuow not what universal domination . We migh t shelter our silence under the impression of this souvexir . We do not , however , think that such an attitude befits a power to which Providence has assigned the position that Russia occupies . " This despatch will prove to you that our august master dees not confine himself to this character when he thinks it his duty to make known his opinion . It will be the same whenever the voice of Russia may be useful to the cause of righr , or when it will not be for the dignity of the Emperor to let the world remain in ignorance of his views and opinions . As to the employment of our material forces , the Emperoi reserves to himself tlie power of having recourse to them according to his unbiassed judgment . " The policy of out august master is a national one ; it is not egotistical ; and if hia Majesty makes the interest of his people paramount , he does not admit that the advancement of those interests can excuse the violation of the rights of others , —You are authorized , & c , " GOKTSCHAKOFF . "
Continental Notes. ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ . ¦ ¦' ; Fra...
CONTINENTAL NOTES . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ . ¦ ¦' ; FRANCE . -. ' , - . 7 " The bull-fights which , the Emperor has been endeavouring to introduce into Franco have been received by the French * people in . a spirit -which does them honour . According to an excellent leading article in the Daily News , in which the writer points out 4 he numerous efforts made by Louis Napoleon and the Empress to familiarize the nation with mediaeval forms and customs , the people at one of the recent spectacles " hissed and mobbed the bull-fighters , and the police and soldiery were compelled to interfere , and disperse tie assemblage . More than that—some of the people lay in wait for the bull-fighters and their animals at night , to force away the men and kill the animals . It is clear that the bullfight will never obtain a footing in France . " ; Some French officers , it is said , have been permitted to take service in tie Papal army , which is now being augmented and reformed . A treaty has been concluded between France and Denmark , by whicn a strip of land in Iceland is ceded to France . The Moniteur dk la Flotie contradicts a statement which has been mads by several journals , that no more convicts are to be sent to Cayenne , and that the whole of those now there will be removed to New Caledonia . " The great " distance of the latter from the mother country would , " says the Moniteur de la Ffotle , " produce financial impediments } , o such a step , even if no objections existed . " The Emperor on Monday reviewed at Bayonne the 35 th and 46 th Regiments of the line , recently returned from the Crimea . With reference to the Neapolitan question , wo read in the Paris correspondence of the Morning Post : — " The Governments of England and France , desirous , I am informed , of exhausting every chance which might prevent a hostile demonstration in tho Bay of Naples , will not take any final step until they are convinced that the King and Neapolitan Cabinet are determined to brave European opinion and defy England and France . In the course of a d-ay or two , I am told , the Cabinet * of London and Paris will bo in a position to apply the united policy they have determined to carry out ¦ with regard to tho Neapolitan difficulties . " M . de Brunow , the Russian representative at Puri . i , had an interview with the Foreign Minister on Tuesday , and presented a note , having reference , it is supposed , to tho Neapolitan question . Princo Napoleon has lincl an audience v / ith the King of Denmark , with whom ho afterwards dined , and then attended the theatre .
Tho truth of tlie rumour that the Countess do Gliambord is enceinte is denied nt "Vienna . Tho statements of M . Louis Blanc with respect to tlie treatment of tho prisoners at Cayenne- have at length been answered , after a fashion , by the Jl / oniteur . The alleged cruelties are of eaui-HC denied by tho ollieml writer j but ho makes the following awkward admissions : — " From tho commencement of the transportation up to the present moment the number of individuals sent to Cayenne and "belonging to the ao-cullcd political category has boen 320 , a . number which , according to the last return , has been reduced to 180 ; tho diminution caused—1 , by numerous escapes ; 2 , by successive liberations ; 3 , by the death of 52 in the sjiace of four years—a number surprisingly small when it i « considered tlmt
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 4, 1856, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_04101856/page/4/
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