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' L ¦ bvhe be able to tell the Parliamen...
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. ' NOTICE. Ever since the use of the Go...
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SATURDAY, DECEMBEE 4, 1858.
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t4L (¦(* ' 'TUT • J^UUlIC ^ittlUtS* ¦ ¦ ¦
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M, *" There is nothing so revolutionary,...
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THE IONIAN QUESTION. A 3jriep investigat...
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LONDON CROWDS AND LONDON RAILWAYS. If an...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
' L ¦ Bvhe Be Able To Tell The Parliamen...
' W L ¦ v . iu WMm 4 1858 . l THE EADER . 1321 ——— ' ' ^ ^ ^ ^ —— ^—»^»^^ m
. ' Notice. Ever Since The Use Of The Go...
. ' NOTICE . Ever since the use of the Government stamp to newspapers became optional , and two prices have been necessary , it does not seem to be clearly understood that unstamped papers can be delivered to regular subscribers in the great provincial cities with a very trifling addition , and in some cases at the same price as charged in London . In order that the Leader may in no instance be charged more than Sixpence , cash or prepaid , the proprietors have determined to settle the prices , on and after this date , as follows : — Unstamped , FIVEPENCE . Stamped , Sixpence . Quarterly , unstamped- 5 s . 5 < L ——— , stamped 6 6 Yearly ( prepaid ) , stamped £ 1 6 0 Unstamped , per year , prepaid , ONE GUINEA . Arrangements will be made tcith present Subscribers . These terms , it is hoped , -will meet the approbation , of the large class of Traders and General Headers , to which the LEADER ( greatly increased in size ) appeals by its special attention to COMMERCIAL as well as to LITERARY and POLITICAL AFFAIRS . * % ?* Order of atiy Newsman .
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. Jmtnatx .
Saturday, Decembee 4, 1858.
SATURDAY , DECEMBEE 4 , 1858 .
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piMk Mirir &
M, *" There Is Nothing So Revolutionary,...
M , *" There is nothing so revolutionary , because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive ; as the strain to keep things fixed -when all the -world is by the very law of its creation in eternal progress . — Dr . Arnold .
The Ionian Question. A 3jriep Investigat...
THE IONIAN QUESTION . A 3 jriep investigation before one of our policecourts has cleared up the mystery at first attached to the premature publication of Sir John Young ' s despatciies ; and the sinister significance imputed thereto by certain suspicious people lias been summarily dispelled . All the fine writing expended on political treachery , and the personal folly of Mr . Gladstone in committing his reputation to the dis ^ cretion of men like the present Ministers , goes for nothing . Mr . Gladstone has not been induced to abandon his patriotic and disinterested mission ; but . after pausing for a day at Vienna , in order that
he might have the opportunity of conference there with Prince Metternich , he lias pursued his winter journey to Corfu . There are few British questions in which the opinion of the ' aged Austrian diplomatist would seem to us deserving of nny particular attention . But there are circumstances connected with the origin of our Protectorate which place the present question in an exceptional category : and , after all , it must not be forgotten that the future' government and condition of the Adriatic Archipelago concom ot her European powers quite
as much as Great Britain . Of the distinguished statesmen , princes , and . soldiers who took part at tho Congress of Vienna , and the protracted negotiations and conferences that followed it , M . Metternich is almost tho last who now survives . The letter of ivcatios , conventions , and protocols indeed remains , but tho meaning is often disputable and dark ; times have changed in forty years so much , and the interests mid ideas of nations then in unison havo drifted so widely apart
one from another , that it has become on many points hard to realise what the rcnl intention was forty years ago ; and for tho most part tho Una nro sealed in death that could have aflbrded tlio requisite elucidation . Wellington and Oas > tlereagh , Pozzi di Borgo and Talleyrand , not to dwell on namqs of minor note , havo passed awny j aud as their suqcessors peer into the historic mist that has gra < - dually settled down over many of tho complicated international dealings of tho period referred to , they are not uufrequcnily driven to ask themsolvos whether any oloar or logioal rendering could be given to somo of tho compacts then
made between the high contracting parties , even bv the framers of them , were they recalled to earth again . The treaty by which , the fate of Ionia was determined is a remarkable instance of this . We know that Austria proposed the annexation of the Seven Islands in absolute sovereignty to England ; that Russia vehemently protested and urged instead their erection into an independent state under the title of the Septinsular Confederation . We know that long and fruitless controversy ensued , and mat the matter was deemed not unlikely , at one diplomatic junctureto leactto an open breach , between i
, the courts of London and St . Petersburg . Eventually a compromise was come to which has generally been attributed to the sagacity of the Duke of Wellington , and to his great personal influence not only over the mind of his own sovereign , but likewise over that of the Emperor Alexander . U the truth were told , however , the matter would , we suspect , appear in a somewhat different light , and the real authorship of the anomalous and inconsistent terms of the settlement actually come to would be found ascribable not to the English statesman , but to a subtle and far-sighted Greek , in
he be able to tell the Parliament of this country and the public mind of Europe , which both are noi already familiar with , as to the consequences o ; their annexation to Greece ? We cannot sav thai we think the preluding nourish of trumpets blowD by Sir Edward Lytton through -the mouth of the Secretary of the Lord High Commissioner is calculated to serve Mr . Gladstone with the shrewd sons of Corcyra . Since the days of Thueydidea they have been a quick-witted , restless , exigent race ; and they are assuredly not the men to be bamboozled by Downing-street platitudes about traditions their ancestral -1 , 1-. a — tbl' 1 + li £ » ~ PatAiamt > ni : ftf f" . lllS # * OllntrV
their Homeric , or claims to have been the authors of modern civilisation . For our parts , we have too sincere a sympathy for the wrongs of the Greeks , and too hearty a hatred of the various systems of oppression that wave upon wave have rolled over their hapless land , to trifle with their irritable feelings on the one hand , or to pretend upon the other that we regard them morally or politically as our equals at the present day . Slavery would not be the hideous thing it is if it did not canker the popular heart , and pervert the popular intellect to a greater or less degree . We frankly say we think the modem Greeks are full of grave defects and faults , their
who took a secondary but not uninfluential part the negotiations of LSI * and 1815 . Count Capo d'Istrias was a man of great ability , and possessed , in an eminent degree , the ^ quality ascribed to so many of his race of being able to impregnate other minds so thoroughly with his own ideas as to make them believe the ideas their own . He had devoted himself early to the service of Russia , and succeeded iu winning the personal confidence of the Czar . Bat throughout life he was undoubtedly actuated by the paramount hope of being instrumental in . the rescue of his long down-trodden race from the yoke of foreigners . He u ^ a « -,,. JtnJ in . < -iio Kriof inff » r \ -nl nf mnenendence
and that it will be no easy matter to rescue country from the reproach of them . But that is no reason why we should not be generous and just ; neither is it any reason why we should not be wise in time , and look ahead as to the things which must be hereafter . Our existing Protectorate is a pecuniary loss and a political absurdity . It deprives us of all salutary influence over the race which is most capable of civilised freedom in the Levant . The days of the Ottoman power in Europe are already numbered ; and if betimes England does not redeem her position and assume her moral sway as the old friend of Christian liberty , France and Russia will divide between them the profit and the prey .
which the Ionian Commonwealth had been permitted to enjoy after the expulsion of the Venetians ; and it was , doubtless , owing to his advice that Count Nesselrode was instructed to insist at Vienna on their being permitted to resume that condition . The real motive of Austria in desiring their incorporation with the British Empire will hardly be questioned . In a state of nominal independence she feared their falling practically under the domination of Russia ; and who can tell with what vague hopes of such a result the wily Greek may have stimulated the pride and
pertinacity of the Czar . Capo d'Istrias was in heart a patriot devoted to the redemption of his country and his people from alien oppressions : but he was powerless , save in the arts of diplomacy , to which lie had been trained ; and he probably felt no scruple in making use where he could of the selfish passions of contending imperialists to advance the great object of his life and labour . Like most Greeks , he instinctively looked for help to Russia to liberate his native land from the bondage of tlie Turks ; but he looked not to her alone : and finding it hopleless to obtain the consent of the Congress
to the suspicious proposal of insular independence made by tho Czar , Capo d'Istrias set about devising a plan which might in loud and high-sounding phrases reconcile opposite views , and while calming the fears of Austria , and flattering the pride of England , enable Alexander to say that he had not sacrificed the freedom or nationality of his Ionian coreligionists . The original draft which Capo d'Istrias p laced in the hands of the Duke of Wellington is still in existence ; and from it , and from a comparison of its subsequent ; modifications , it is easy to discern that its astute author gave himself little trouble about the incompatible rights conferred thereby ; for it is wholly inconceivable that he should have seriously believed in the permanency of an absolute and irresponsible protectorate co-cxisting with an
absolutely free and independent commonwealth . But lie had other objects to attain than those which were thon avowed by planting tho British flag on the citadel of Corfu . Ho looked to that uprising of his fellow-countrymon on tho mainland against Alahommcdan thraldom which five years aftorwards actually took plaoc . Ho believed that English and Russian sympathy might in conjunction bo brought to boar in support of that movement ; and tho ovont proved tho far-sighted clearness of his vision . All this is well known to tho octogenarian exchancellor of tho Austrian Empire , and much besides , which it was inl cresting to Mr . Gladstone to talk over with him iu tticir recent interview .
But what will the gifted orator bo able to say to the Greeks which lias not a hundred times boon said before , by way of inducing them to bo content with their ooimexiou with England ? Or what will
London Crowds And London Railways. If An...
LONDON CROWDS AND LONDON RAILWAYS . If any man wishes to see that which is the greatest opprobrium of English intelligence , he may station himself at a window commanding Cheapside , . somewhere about the middle of the day . He will then see a concourse of every conceivable description , on foot , in omnibus , in cab * in cart , waggon , brougham , proceeding to the great centre of British commerce , or returning from that centre . As he looks down upon the crowd he will observe that the foot passengers , hindered as they are by the crowding of the pavement , actually make more rapid way than those who are in the vehicles with the stoutest and fleetest horses . The Hansom cab , paid a half-crown for a two mile journey in order to stimulate the driver ' s speed , is reduced to the same level with the waggon of the wholesale sugar merchant proceeding at funeral pace ; and the whole concourse is from time to time arrested by the stoppage of a single vehicle , a waggon , or a wheelbarrow . It is a struggle to make way in both directions , frequently a vain struggle . Could the amount of loss in time be presented by an equation in money , it might present a sum not altogether unlike that which Mr . Charles Pearson estimates as the annual charge of
•* vehicular accommodation" in London , 2 , 000 , 000 / . It would probably exceed the gross amount required for tho most feasible plan of releasing the commerce of London from this daily struggle and obstruction . No one who lias witnessed the scene can have resisted the feeling that some steps should be taken to effect an immediate change , and accordingly attempts have been made to relieve certain streets of tho overcrowding , and to commence some entirely new system of locomotion . The plans o ( relief havo been abortive . The opening of Cannonstreet , for example , ' which really might afford some
considerable relief for CUoapside , its parallel , is frustrated by tho faot that in many cases the trallic has for its terminus tho important establishments on GomUill , tlio Bank , the Stock-fcxchange , tho Mansion House , tho private banks , tl » o discount houses , tho outiltting establishments , & c . ; and although it is a much quiokor process to approaoh theso places by somo collateral route , tlio drivers of vohiolos generally stick slavishly to that path which is shortest in moasured distance . Auother roason why Cannon-Btroct has so far failed is , that from tho south-west of London the only an . proaoh direct through > tho City is by way of Jjloetatreot , tho only parallels to which , Holborn , m & mo
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 4, 1858, page 17, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_04121858/page/17/
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