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332 T H E LEADE R. [No. 315, Saturday
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We should do our utmost to encourage the...
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"We have received, from a private and au...
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The Art r i a , THB ART-JOURNAL. ,^r/-Jb...
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//tfltiv Clrlir ' vluijt X^tlliy ?
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PORTRAITS OF THE QUEEST, PRUSTCE ALBERT,...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Church History Op The Nineteenth Century...
netted without an accompanying haul of small fry . Here we see the religious reaction exhibiting itself in its more imaginative and poetic phase . Its intellectual or ratiocinative phase -was seen in the increased fervour and more thorough investigation thrown into the controversy between Rationalism and Supernaturalism in ' the Protestant Churches , and in the various theories by which it was attempted to place Christianity on a philosophical basis , at the head of which , and in an opposition to each other , stand the systems of Schleiermaeher and the Hegelians . To these elements of interest have been added the fermentations within the Catholic Church , dating from the affair of the ' * Holy Coat "—the struggle between Prussia and Rome on the question of mixed marriages , and the attempt at a Union of the Lutheran and Reformed Churches . France comes next to Germany in the interest of its Church History during the last half century ; but here the drama turns not on the collision between
Protestant interpretations or between Catholicism and Protestantism , but on the contest between Catholicism and Infidelity , and on the question of the external constitution of the Church . In the first act of the drama , we see Jesuit missionaries planting huge crosses * decked with lilies and little hearts , or frightening untheological laymen on their deathbeds by questions about Jansenms , Quesnel , and the Bull Unigenitus , while Liberalism in the background vents its scorn in a loud " aside . " Here are the elements of the the main plot ; the secondary plot is the struggle between Ultramontanism miT mSmj and ^ e aTe stil 1 far from the catastrophe . The religious struggles of Germany and France are typical of those which have teen going forward with greater or less vigour in every other country of Western Europe . Everywhere there is the same conflict between Reason and * aitn ; every where the question is—shall the Churcli govern , itself , or shall it be governed by the State ? And it is a splendid task to tell the history of this conflict as it has exhihited itself during the last fifty
years . Something towards this task has been done by Dr . Gieseler in the volume beiore us ; but it is probable that he would have achieved much more if his laboursjradiiot been cut short by death . As it is , he has given us no more ^• if u ? ° ^ Chwrch History since 1814 ; admirable for the ability with which he has digested facts , and the impartiality with which he has presented tneni , but affording scarcely more than an outline , and in most cases not extending beyond 1843 , The volume has been formed from the materials left by nim , to which he would , perhaps , have made large additions before publishing them himself . However , most persons who care about Church Historv , and all who ^ make it a study , will find Dr . Gieseler ' s volume an acceptable souTceof information and a valuable book of reference . The section on S ^ T 2 * 5 - ' Very meaSre > bu t the sketch of religious history in the Papal btafces , in France , in Catholic Switzerland , and in Germany , is especially well done , and will make an excellent starting-point for farther study of the subject .
. The battle between Rationalism and Supernatui-alisTn in Germany is chiefly confined to the clerical and professorial class , and their polemics have bttle interest even for the educated portion of th e people . But , about fatteen years ago , there commenced a movement amongst the Protestants ( . corresponding to that of the German Catholics under Honge and Czerski ) which has given the controversy a more popular aspect . This is the association or the Ltchtfreunde , or Friends of Light , springing from various centres—JMagaeburg , Breslau , and Konigsberg , and brought together by the common tj esireto free Christianity from the fetters of ecclesiastical confessions and dogmas , that its essential principles may have free development in accordance \ £ t a the wants of the present age . The movement was proximately caused by the indications of an increased tendency in the government , on tbe accession of the present King qf Prussia , to favour the more rieid adherence to dogmatic lormuJae
; but Uhlich , the leader of the party in Magdeburg , seems , like Wesley , to have had m tbe first instance no desire that Iris associates should separate from the Nat ional Church , but that they should remain in it , in order gradually to effect a reform in spirit and doctrine . The Government , however , frowned on the Ltchtfreunde , and the result has been the formation of numerous free churc hes , in which the bond of faith seems to be of the most clastic kind , being woven apparently out of a mixture of Rationalism and of that Pantheistic interpretation of Christianity which has been promulgated by the younger Hegelians . The following fundamental principles adopted by the Free Church of Nordhausen may be taken as an example :-I . ' God fg the f ather of au , the living God , the eternal Spirit , the sole Lord of the world wis rule
is eternally Truth and Love . " II . " Jeau 3 is the Christ , the Saviour ot Man : his message of reconciliation is Truth and Love . '' HI . « The Spirit is holy in lus nature , he fills the Universe , and brings us forth from God at our birth , makes us live through God in our life , and return to God at our death A lie blessing wherewitli he blesses us is Truth ami Love . " It was to be expected that the ideas and movements of the Lichtfreunde would be saluted by loud denunciations from the orthodox party in the ^ nurc n , lhe ngiU Lutherans have become more intense and intolerant in their assertion
of doctrines since the Government has made the attempt to amalgamate them with , the Reformed Church ; and orthodox theologians in Germany differ from the same class in England rather in their greater theological culture than m the greater amiability of their spirit . Hence , it is not surprising that before the Liohtfreunde had separated from the national cnurcu , they were declared to have forsaken the true Light of the World , and to be no longer brethren in Christ , and that the Evcmgelische Kirchenseitunir , the organ of Hcngatenberg and his party , proclaimed them to be much further removed from the foundations of true Christianity than the Pope and tlic
ftJ ^ : ^ "ttnoiataons had their usual effect in heightening the centrifugal J 2 S-1 * A y widcntB , » nd the protest of the Lichifreunde , like other pro-S ? cot \ T CMryms the * ™ toaton <* far beyond the limits they at
332 T H E Leade R. [No. 315, Saturday
332 T H E LEADE R . [ No . 315 , Saturday
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We Should Do Our Utmost To Encourage The...
We should do our utmost to encourage the Beautiful , for the Useful encoumaitself .-Goethe . ^ agea
"We Have Received, From A Private And Au...
"We have received , from a private and authentic so . urce , a copy of the following stanzas , attributed to Bbeangee . Some time since , we mentioned the arrest of a certain number of students , who raised the cry of " Vive Liberte I" as a salutation to Beranger , at the tomb of the Republican sculptor , David d'Angers . It is known that the events of December 1851 , and the creation of the second Empire , profoundly affected the veteran Poet who had sung the glories of the first , and who lives to bitterly regret the halo of enthusiasm his immortal odes have shed around the memory of the founder of Imperial despotism in France : —
MON MEA CULPA AUX ETUDIANTS . Pauvres enfants ! quoi ! vous croyez encore Qu on peut crier : " Vive la Liberte J " Et sous les plis du drapeau tricolore Feter celui qui l ' a ressucite ! Mes mediants vers dont vous gardez memoire , Oubliez les , je viens les renier , Si j ' y croyais , je maudirais ma gloire : Ah ! pardonnez au pauvre chansonnier . Parquels c 6 tes , ce temps qu ' on fait revivre , Ressemble-t-il aux jours reves par moi ? Moi , qui jamais n ' ai cesse de poursuivrc Laquais , flatteurs , empereur , Pape , et Roi . ' Si j'eus des chants pour un grand Capitaiue ,
C ' est qu'il etait sans sceptre et prisonnier , Brumaire etait puni par Sainte Ilelene . -Ah ! pardonnez au pauvre chansonnier . Pour moi Nisard sera-t-il I ' eloquence , Et Levenier un second Arago ? Suis je l ' ami de la nuit , du silence , Et Belmontet me tient-il lieu d'Hugo ? Enfm , mon Dieu , si clement , si bonhomme , Est-il le Dieu du . sbire et du geolier ? Est-il celui que l ' on protege a Rome I Ah ! pardonnez au pauvre chansonnier .. Gui ! j'ai chante repdpee heroique ,
Des habits bleus par la victoire uses , C ' etaient les fils de notre Republique , Battant vingt ans les Rois coalises ; Mais le Soldat , bien brosse , qui nous guettej Qui nous tuerait pour passer officier ; Est-il le mien , trinquant a laguingette ? Ah ! pardonnez au pauvre chansonnier . A la Pologne , a la noble Italie , La France doit une dette de sang ; Le Canon gronde ! en avant ! mais folie ^ . Si pres de nous le terrain est glissant . Allons porter plus loin l'independance , Au Turc , dut il se faive un peu prier , Peuples , v-oila votre Sainte Alliance , Ah ! pardorinez au pauvre chansonnier .
The Art R I A , Thb Art-Journal. ,^R/-Jb...
The Art r i a , THB ART-JOURNAL . , ^ r / -Jb « rn « 7 April . Virtue » nd Co . Sera Iw fi "S ^ f ^ ^ t ^ Journal for the sak e of reminding our ? £ » ! i « *»*»«» £ T * e Verno * Gallery n now completed . andSmlv < S ^ i "S briM V volumes , each « portfolio , elaborately « n « varwumy ftHed , vvith an illustrative text .
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Portraits Of The Queest, Prustce Albert,...
PORTRAITS OF THE QUEEST , PRUSTCE ALBERT , AND THE PRINCESS ROYAL . These are favourable specimens of Winteuhalter ' s manner , and the lithographs give a very good idea of bis style There are few of our modern artists who are so well able to approach the reality of life , and yet to give elevation of character . It is for these reasons that portraits in general fall so far short of the original . We see the countenance and form in one single aspect ; we are permitted , as it were , to converse for an instant . Now , there is nobody of fair information , intellect , and feeling , whose aspect does not change a score times within five minutes ; some new element of the character coming out at each change .
How much must that be the case with a woman who possesses such worldly power , so much cultivation , and such manifest feeling as Queisn Victoria ! How can one glimpse in the glass give us an idea of Prince Albeut ? It is the business of the portrait-painter , as distinct from that of the photographer , not to produce a facsimile for the one instant , but to collect the essence of the character , and to impress it upon material lineaments . It is here that our English artists usually fail ; here that the real draaghtsman-of character excels . In this portrait of Quern Victoria , the artist has been abl « to mark the progress of time in the Lady ' face , without impairing tlic intelligence or the grace . The portrait of Prince Albert is only less happy . We sec the manner of the Prince ; can nlmost fancy that the figure moves in bowing , « s Ws Royal , IIighnkss docs with a diffusive benevolence to those who may
happen to be around . But we see little of the philosopher , which the Princb really is . It is , however , a very agreeable and graceful portrait . The sketch of tho Princess Uoyal is especially interesting just nt this time . Everybody wants to know whnt sort of looking lady is the b ' rido elect ; and here she is . Tho faoo is bright with feeling and intelligence . Omo vecognises both parents , but particularly the Coburg clement in the form anil countenance . Both remind us very strongly of the King of the Belgians * when he was Prince Leopold . The portraits have been engraved on stone by Mr . It . J . L / vnw , aiul me published by Mr . Mitohkl . 1 ., Bond-strcot .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), April 5, 1856, page 20, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_05041856/page/20/
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