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752 THE LE A PER. [Saturday,
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WAGES AND WORKMEN. Thk demands of workme...
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GOOD SENSE IN BAD ENGLISH. The following...
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TUB CAHMAN'S IumiRN. Tiim late oet; left...
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A GAUGE OF PROSPERITY. The social statis...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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"The House Of Noble Poverty." A Stojiy O...
original intention of its founder . To stein such abuses , William of Wykeham , Bishop of Winchester , came forward and put forth his claim to the patronage and visitation of the Hospital . He was opposed , in every way , by William de Stowell , the then master of the so-called charity , and upon his deatlt b y Sir Roger de Cloud , his successor ; when the dispute was referred to the Pope , who condemned Sir Roger in costs , and decided in favour " of William of Wykeham , a good and learned prelate , to whom the country is indebted , not only for this , but for many other great and good actions . In 1561 a transaction took place , which goes far to
prove that the trusts of this charity were at that period fully comprehended and known . A suit having been commenced to make the hospital contribute , under the statute of Henry VIII ., its first fruits and tenths , it was pleaded against such statute that the funds of the charity were appropriated . to charitable purposes and to the use of the poor ; whereupon the Court directed the bishop to examine the archives of the hospital ; and the bishop , having done so , reported that the funds were so applied ; and the Court decreed the charity to be exempt on these grounds . By a statute also , passed in the reign of Queen Elizabeth , after
reciting that the hospital was founded for charitable purposes and for the relief of the poor , and that certain leases had been granted by Dr .. Reynolds , one of the masters , it was enacted that all such leases should be void , and that no future master should have power to grant the same , and that the funds of the charity should thenceforth be applied for the sustentation of the poor . Yet , since that time , for a period of 200 years , the masters of the hospital have continually succeeded in diverting the revenues of the charity to their own use . In 1696 ¦ a . most extraordinary and nefarious deed was passed ; ( this deed is what is known as the "
Consuetudinarium . " ) It commenced by stating that , after diligent search , no deeds or documents had been discovered for the government of the charity . And yet , at this very time , and in the face of such assertion , the master and brethren werein possession of the original deed of ^ the charity , a copy of the bull of theTPope , a copy-of the proceeding under the statute of Henry VIII ., the statute itself of Queen Elizabeth , and the document of the House of Noble Poverty , all of which clearly proved the trusts of the charity . The Consuetudinarium then proceeded with the same effrontery to state that the
charity had been governed from time immemorial by custom , and that such custom , unless finally settled , might create confusion and dissension , and , in conclusion , proceeded to ask the bishop to countenance the arrangement proposed , which the bishop did under certain conditions and qualifications , although the proof of such custom , stated as existing , depended solely upon the evidence of a steward attached to the hospital for a period of thirty years . A more barefaced and shameful deed whs never framed , and a . more wicked and wilful perversion of a charity carried out . Under this glaring and discreditable deed the charity has since been carried
on . But , lately , the wrong was brought into Chancery , and redress was sought . That redress has been promptly given . An injunction has boon granted to restrain the granting of any leases or fines of the property of the charity , and an inquiry will be directed na to the leases now existing , nnd as to the present . state of the institution and the appropriation of ita funds . The master , ( Lord Guildfovd , ) the , chief pervertor of the funds , will be called np ' . n to account for all the rents received by him , and for the expenses of keeping the buildings in repair .
752 The Le A Per. [Saturday,
752 THE LE A PER . [ Saturday ,
Wages And Workmen. Thk Demands Of Workme...
WAGES AND WORKMEN . Thk demands of workmen for advances of wages havo taken place in many part . B of tho country—in some casoa accompanied by roprehensiblo violence . The present wages of the cnrponterH and joinors of Jjceds range from 20 ff . to 20 . 5 . awoek , and thoir hours of work extend to fivo o ' clock on Saturday . They havo reasonably asked Is . a-woek advance and an hour ' s leisure on Saturday , " to go on the moor to hear the band play . " Tho masters have given a joint refusal , but several havo separately made tho concession . The general strike in Wales is very formidable : sixteen furnacoH at Dowluis havo been blown out , and thousands of men are mooting ou tho hills . They demand an advance of 7 J per cent . A partial and exorbitant demand for 20 por cent , advance ( following , on a late advance of 18 per cent . ) , mado by Home mill handn-in Manchester , has been checked by tho general body of the operatives . Thin hIiowh sound judgment ; . But fho Manchester dyers havo 'behaved liko ruffians ; they havo assaulted tho men willing to work and the masters who rofiiHO tho required concoHflion . The extra labourers at the Xiotulon ' . Docks , at pronont paid 15 a " . a-week , " auk for more , " and are out on strike . The metropolitan compositors continue their protracted and apparently reasonable resistance to the reductions attempted by tho Hun nowtfpapor . Tho cabmon of Tldlnburcjh demand from their masters IBs . instead of l () . v . a-week . Tho garden labourers at jfidham ask His . instead of 14 » . por week : they are rather disorderly in their conduct . Tho carpet weavers of Kidderminster aro still at variance- with their umtJtortJ ,
although an attempt at compromise , kindly offered by the masters , was near putting an end to the strike . The obstinacy of some of the men , however , stopped the reconciliation . The Tyne seamen make two demands—one , that the ships be well stored—a proper demand ; the other , that the number of apprentices to each ship be limited—a highly improper claim . The engineers and stokers of j & shton , are organizing a short-time movement ; and the mill hands of the same place have Bent a well-worded address to their masters , respectfully asking for Boards of Arbitration .
The successes are few , but one is extensive . In Stocfcport ^ the operatives have gained a great victory . The masters have granted the ten per cent , advance to the spinners , and the men have readily returned to their work . The weavers , offered five per cent , advance , as yet hold out , but a general settlement is expected . The stonemasons of Mari / lebone , lately paid 4 s . 6 d . a day , have now got their wages advanced to 6 d . an hour , and their labourers have obtained 3 < 2 . per hour . The general well being of the craftsmen is indicated to us by various facts . From Ireland it is reported that " wages keep up to the recent advance , and that employment is abundant in all parts of the country . " The Registerrgeneral reports , through his deputy , from Cheshire all well
and Lancashire , that " thei operative classes are employed , and although the prices of various kinds of provisions are on the advance , there appears a general disposition to increase wages in proportion . " Some " local charities" in Manchester have been stopped , the people ' s prosperity doing away with their necessity . And mmany parts of the Metropolis , debating societies , formed of working men , are taking the place of the old card playing societies . We may also note here , as a development of industry and trade , the opening of a new Exchange at Nottingham . On Wednesday the inauguration was celebrated by a festival in the town , and Mr . Walter , proprietor of the Times , congratulated the company on the convivial custom , forgetting , doubtless , how his editors satirise charity dinners and public feaats .
Good Sense In Bad English. The Following...
GOOD SENSE IN BAD ENGLISH . The following letter from a foreigner , more clear in his ideas than in his English , has some good suggestions on the cab question : ~ " To tlie Editor of the Times . " SlE , —The Cabman question ^ has been spoken in Your journal , ana" the condemnation of a Cabman , having asked 5 sb . for a short fare , whichJias much contributed to the Cab-owner ' s public offence and crime on Wednesday , is not so alone standing , as great number of people is believing . " For the Stranger'tis a fortune that the robbery of these ' Wegelagarer' has become and end . The undersigned German , in the first time of his being in London , not knowing the laws for cabman , has regularly been robberd of this men , then he has must pay for a fare of 2 miles 4 sh .- —for a fare of 3 miles 6 sh . —in the manner , that
seldom he has hod a fare under 3 sh . He ' co n t good speak english , and for not would have scandal in the street he must pay as much as these rubbers were asking . When he was saying , ' having heard , that the fare were only 3 sh . ' —the cabman responding , that were true , but he must enough become tho back fare to his station . ' " It would be good for the great number of strangers visiting London , that in every carriage for public use were published th * laws and conditions under which the carriage-owner was authorized for public service , and by tho great number of strangers , who can not understand english , it should be , that this publication wcto also in french and German language .
" But these rubberies aro not alone standing ; a number of taverns aro no better—at example , the great Tavern at tho entranco of Regents park , tho York and Albanytavern . Tho undersigned , coming from the zoological gardens in Regents park during raining weather , and having cold , maked givo himself 10—12 drops (^ little glaa ) of rhum and a cup of cofl'o without milk . Tho rhum was bad and the cofl ' o not good ! But tho wrongest was tho prizo of them . "' 0 penco for tho coflb' —paid ! 'Tho Waiter , Sir 'paid Id . ' 6 penco tho rhum , Sir ! ' This I would not pay , meaning that tho rhum were paid with tho cofl ' e . But I must , would I not . havo scandal .
" This , Sir , are only two facts of my experiences , and such facts aro not plaising tho stranger , which i « coming to England in tho meaning that tho free people of England also would bo a honest people ! Tho last givo much to wish ! " If I publish theso facts , 'tis not on account of mo—no , 'tin only for do tho Hcrvice , that such things may become an end , and for love to tho people of England , for what I wish , that it should be great in every manner . " I have the honour , Sir , to remain , " A Por . iTioAT , ' FuciiTivM vitojw Germany . " London , 2 () July , 1 H 5 IJ . "
The suggestion to affix to each cab tho faros and regulations in French and Gorman is a very proper hint . To make our city agreeable to strangers would bo good policy as well as good tnate . "
Tub Cahman's Iumirn. Tiim Late Oet; Left...
TUB CAHMAN'S IumiRN . Tiim late oet ; left ; unregulated the tirnofaro after tho first hour . A new clause provides that sixpence for each quarter of an hour shall be the fare after the first hour . It is iiltio lixed that tho circle of /' our miles' radius shall havo its centre at Temple-bar , and not at Oharing-oross . Before tho . polico-oourl . H the cabmon are resuming their custom of conquest . It ban been decided that a cabman ran refuse an intoxicated fans , and that if I ho said faro inrtislH upon being driven to the police station , the cabman must be paid for the drive . Several cabmen havo been tuiininoiiod for not giving tickots to tho hirers , but lione havo boon convicted . Nob a Binglo cliargo of incivility 1 ms boon mado against a cabmon during tho
week ; and in several cases of dispute the civility of the cabmen was evidenced by the riders . Facility in finding out the proper fare of a cabman is afforded by a new map , published opportunely by Messrs . Smith , booksellers , Strand . It ia divided into half-mile squares , diagonall y placed , and it is very easy to ascertain any given distance . In addition , the new cab regulations are printed on the " margin ; and altogether the map is a neat and serviceable pocket-companion .
A Gauge Of Prosperity. The Social Statis...
A GAUGE OF PROSPERITY . The social statistics supplied by the Registrar-General daguerreotype , in a bare and uncoloured style , the changes in English homes . The facts of the two first quarters of this year are suggestive . The marriages are on the increase—35 , 014 marriages were celebrated in the first quarter of the year , or 2081 more than were celebrated in the corresponding quarter of 1852 . The increase in the marriages is most conspicuous in London , in the seaports , and in the manufacturing towns ; in Northamptonshire , Devonshire , Cornwall , Gloucestershire , Shropshire , Staffordshire , Worcestershire , Leicestershire , Nottinghamshire , Cheshire , Lancashire , the West Riding of Yorkshire , Westmoreland , and Monmouthshire ; in Portsmouth , Plymouth , Southampton , Bristol ; in Northampton , Bath , Stroud , Wolverhampton , Dudley , Birmingham , Nottingham , Chester , Manchester , Leeds , Sheffield , Merthyr Tydfil . In all the most prosperous districts of the country the marriages increased . In Dover , in Brighton , in St . George , Hanover-square , in several other districts , and in the eastern counties , the
marriages declined . The births , instead of the increase that might be expected from the gradual increase of marriages , show a slight decline . They were 159 , 138 in ' 51 ; 159 , 136 in ' 52 : and 158 , 718 in 1853 . The deaths show an increased mortality . In the first quarter of this year they were 118 , 241 , compared with 106 , 682 and 105 , 446 in the corresponding quarters of the two preceding years . During the quarter ended June of this year , they were less than in the spring quarter , but still 8000 moteithaii in the corresponding quarter of 1851 ^ Some of the increase in mortality
may be attributed to the dearness of provisions . The price of provisions during the quarter was considerably higher than the ruling prices in the corresponding months of the year 1852 ; wheat was sold on an average at 44 s . 6 d . a quarter ; beef , by the carcase , in London , at 4 % d . per pound ; mutton 5 £ d . per pound ; potatoes ( York regents ) at 127 * . 6 d . per ton . The price of wheat was 10 per cent ., beef 22 per cent ., mutton 31 per cent ., potatoes 31 per cent , higher in April , May , June , 1853 , than in the corresponding months of 1852 . Still it is a startling fact , -that the number that died during those months in 1853 is the
highest that has ever been registered before in tho corresponding season , and exceeds by 7048 the deaths in the spring quarter of 1852 . The rate of mortality in England is highest in the winter , lowest in the summer quarter ; while the mortality of tho spring quarter holds an intermediate rank , near tho average of the year . This average is exceeded by the present return , which shows a mortality at the rate of 2-383 per cent , per annum ; higher than the rate in tho corresponding quarter of every year 1843-52 , except the spring quarter of 1847 , when tho population waa infected by scurvy , and its attendant disease after the groat failure of tho
potato crop in 3846 . The rate of mortality was then 2 * 506 ; in the autumn influenza broke out , nnd cholera followed on its footsteps in 1848 and 1849 . The mortality of the quarter was nbovo tho average both in tho town and in tho country districts ; tho annual rato of mortality was 2 G 06 in 117 districts , comprising tho chief towns , and 2-196 per cent , in 508 districts , extending over tho rest of the kingdom . Tho population of England is , thcro is reason to believe , collectively healthier than any equal amount of population in any other kingdom ; but tho rapid inerauso in the proportion of tho town population—in which tho mortality is 27 per cent , higher than it in in 1-ho country , and tho sickness , tho suffering , ¦ the debility , tho physical degeneracy of race , arc in an equal excess—mnkcri
this question of tho health of towns and tho fertilization of tho surrounding fields one . of pressing importance . Tho deaths , to every thousand persons living in ' town in 258 in tho year , whilo but 203 out of every thousand persons living in the country die in the same time . Tho lives destroyed by tho " matters which aro poisons in houscp , streets , and streams but are fertilizing lmuiurcH in fields , " aro 55 in tJ * o year In London the mortality has considerably ojvccoded tho average , nnd it is chiefly duo to ( lisoatww of the respiratory organs , typhus , hooping-co » # »» dinrrhoou , and violence of various kinds . Twelve deaths were referred to privation , J 2 ( t to poison , 88 to burns and « ciilds , 86 to bunging and HUlfoeiit ion , 81 to drowning , 171 to mechanical ' injuries of various kinds , 83 to wounds ; nnd in nearly all thoao ciifloa tho numbers ex-
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 6, 1853, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_06081853/page/8/
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