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EXCURSION TO THE NEW WATER-SOURCES PROPO...
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PROGRESS OF ASSOCIATION. The subjoined l...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Corruption In Army Appointments. Wi: Fin...
• _v ts and to the recommendations of officers who write J _^ V _/ m ot attend his levees , and if names are brought bef him with a fair word in their favour , he does not hesi-+ ° r to select them for commissions . This opens the door the iobbery carried on , to the infinite scandal of the "That the excellent and honourable military secretary may , to what extent this goes on , we unhesitatingly state fhvt there are persons of all classes , in town and elsewhere , _f-t ' n _? themselves dn communication with the gentlemen P prepare young men for the army , offering , for certain _% ms to get their namfes brought forward some months SU rlier than they could otherwise hope for . No less than 4 V _* ir individuals , totally unknown to each otber , assured a this
_f-iend of ours the week betore last that they possessed mysterious power . Of course , they were very close as to the manner in which the thing was done , but one of them having demanded three or four hundred pounds to effect a certain object , he was roundly asked into whose pocket such a sum would go ? He answered in great confidence , that he was obliged to bribe certain necessitous general officers , who would wait upon Lord Fitzroy Somerset , and on the strength of their rank and services , solicit the favour of his speedily nominating the youth who was to pay the amount . The others asked much less for what they proposed to effect and declined to state how they _accomplished the end but that they had the means they were prepared to
prove by reference to certain successiul cases—that is to say , certain preferential nominations obtained through their means , at no distant date . "
Ar00705
Excursion To The New Water-Sources Propo...
EXCURSION TO THE NEW WATER-SOURCES PROPOSED FOR THE SUPPLY OF THE METROPOLIS . ( From the Morning Chronicle . ) ON Saturday a % arty of noblemen and gentlemen were conducted over the proposed gathering grounds , in Surrey , by Mr . F . O . Ward , who explained on the spot the new mode of collecting the " hill-top" water recommended by the Sanitary party instead of the " valleybottom" water . Among the party we noticed Lord Ebrington , Professor Wheatstone , Mr . Babbage , Mr . Farr , Mr . Ford , Professor Way , Mr . Chadwick , Mr . Hans Busk , and several other gentlemen eminent in science , or distinguished as supporters of sanitary reform .
The first place visited was the town of Farnham , which has a population of 7000 persons , inhabiting about 800 houses ; and which is already supplied with hill-top water of exceeding softness and purity , collected on the new principle from a neighbouring common , and delivered at constant pressure in unlimited abunelance . Some water drawn from a tap in one of the houses was tested by Professor Way , in comparison with the water from a well belonging to the same house , and the difference was most striking . The well water , when the hardening lime was precipitated by the test , looked like thin whitewash ; whereas the pure hill-top water , after tho application of the test , remained sparkling as before with unclouded transparency . It was extremely striking and instructive to see the two glasses of water ,
one moment of apparently equal quality , the next presenting so strongly marked a difference . The experiment showed how loaeled with deleterious earthy matter tho brightest looking water may be , anel how much elissolved chalk we are thus betrayed into drinking , Avhich we should shrink from eating in the solid form . Mr . Payne , an influential inhabitant of Farnham , anel the originator of its hill-top water-works , having joined the party , it _procceeleel to Farnham Castle , the residence of the Bishop of Winchester , who afforded a most courteous reception , anel bore valuable testimony to the delicious quality anel perennial flow of tho hilltop water , of which a small spring , cemdue ; ted from the eonnnon through a pipe a mile long , has served for the supply of the castle from time immeine . rial .
Irom tho castle the parly produeoel to Hungry-hill , a heathy upland common , from the southern slope of whie : h the supply of Farnham is _deriveel . Incredible as it may seem , tho whole supply of the town is derived from the druinago of only t \ ve > acres of the hill siele _:, _iiie-ludiiig two small hollows , formerly moist and boggy , hut since the drainage _perfectly elry . This little tract is traverse el by ono main pipe , of ordinary burnt clay , ah mt six inches in diameter , into which run twenty or thirty ramifying feeders , of about three inches _imparity . The water with which the sanely hill i . s saturated ( of eoursn by the rainfall em its surface ;) _env / . _e's through the'se _subterranean _feodei-H in an unfailing flow , sufficient
h _> r the constant _replenishment of the reservoir that supplies the town . The : pipe's _themselves ure _: of course : _hurieu ! out of sight , but , the tracts of the tronches niaele : tor their reee . ptMii aro still visible ; anel thevy illu . _strateel ver y clearly the plan of the capillary system by which the pure : _Kun-distilleel rain water is co ' _llce-. tcd , immediatel y after natural filtraf ions through a . layer of _silicie . UN "'" i d _wished clean by the rainfall of ages . " _Sue-h water , as Mr . V . () . Ward _explaine-el , is in the purest , state : iii which if , is furnishe'el us by nature ; . It is , in _fue-f , drained , e > xydr / . e : el , anel cooled by a natural process ' ; lL ii lried from objectionable improgimtiouH imbibed Irom the air , anel neit us yet polluted , in exchange , by
Excursion To The New Water-Sources Propo...
impurities acquired from the earth . This mode of collection , advocated by the Sanitary party , but opposed a * visionary by the monopolist companies , was described by Mr . Ward as a logical step in that series of improvements by which the hydraulic engineer has progressively extended his control over water—removing it , at each successive advance , more and more from the operation of chance—i . e ., from the casual influx of natural or artificial pollutions . The natural mudbanked streams were long ago replaced by artificial water-courses lined with stone or brick ; next , these were covered in , or replaced by earthen or metallic
tubes , and then came Peter Morryss , who prolonged these tubes by ramifying ducts into Our very houses . Evidently a similar extension remains to be accomplished at the opposite end of theaaqueduct ; and ramifying feeders for gathering water come next in the order of sequence to ramifying' ducts for its delivery . As aqueducts are artificial rivers , so , by the strictest parity , these feeders are artificial springs . Constructed , at small cost , of ordinary clay drain pipes , laid in the usual manner , three or four feet deep , they catch the filtered rain water at its point _oP maximum purity , and convey it to its destination in channels equivalent for cleanness to the fissures of the granite rock . Thus ,
the only remaining element of uncertainty—the random flow of w ater over or through the soil—is eliminated , and its whole course , from the ground on which it falls , to the tap at which it is consumed , is brought under our direct control . Lands hitherto regarded as profitless wastes , when considered in this new light , spring into sudden value and significance as water-farms , adapted to afford us drink , by those very conditions of sterility which unfit them to produce us food . And as the richest soil in Europe has for centuries been devoted to the production of beer and wine , so now our barren commons are found available for the supply of that still more inestimable benefit , pure , soft , and wholesome
water . Having tasted and tested the water thus gathered , which was found delicious , and almost as pure as distilled water , the party proceeded to _Tilford-bridge , under which a stream of beautifully bright , soft , and sparkling water , analogous in qus $ ty to that of Farnham-common , is seen running swiftly over pure gravelly sand , in quantity sufficient for the present net supply of the metropolis ( as contradistinguished from the gross supply pumped in by the companies , who waste more than two-thirds of the whole by their intermittent and stand-cock mode of delivery ) . This stream ,
however , Mr . Ward explained , would not be taken in bulk , but would be traced to its minute sources , and there collecteel by capillary feeders run into the hills , to form artificial springs , like those just visited at Farnham . To inquiries as to the expense of this plan , Mr . Ward replied , that the Farnham artificial springs were found cheaply available for the supply of 300 houses , anel that those little works a thousand times repeated would _enviously suffice for the supply of the 300 , 000 houses composing the metropolis ; the cost being relatively less in the second case than in the first , owing to the
reeluction of establishment charges by the larger _se-alc of operation . The saving of soap anel soda , attainable by thc substitution of soft for hard water , anel amounting ( aecoreling to calculations based on the experience ol Rolton anel Glasgow ) te _> no less than 250 , 000 _^ . a year for the metropolis , was here demonstrated by Professor Way , whe > applied the soap-test of Dr . Clark to the soft _Tilfeirel strewn , in comparison with tbe _hurel _Altein stream ( which joins the : other a bow-shot be : le > w the : _brielge ) anel who _sheiweel that more than _denihlc the soil ]) was mpiireel tei produce a hither with the harel water than with the sefft .
After witnessing these : experiments the : party proe : e : e : eleel _teiwarels the barren upland district known as the _Hindhead , from whie-h the Tilfeirel strewn arise : s by innumerable . slender rills . Having inspected the water in bulk , it _appeureel d <; si ruble to _iise'eirtuin , by a _survey of its sources , that the capillary mode : of _e-e > lleclion _practises ! at Ktirnham was eepuilly available in this district , which lie * about ten mile's more : to the : south , on the : _emfe-rop of the lower groem sanel . For this purpose ; one of the little rills , cullcel Silver-threael , was _sele'cte ' . _el , anel trace-el te > its origin at . the : Devil ' s . lumps , it series e > f throe _eiemie'iil hills , from the top of
_whieih was obtained a _goeiel _vieiw of the Gathering grounel _eumiitry _u range of high , barren moorlands , re : e : e : iving annually em cae : h jure ; about 3000 tons of wafer , anel extending , hill bcyemel hill , over more than a _hunelre-el square ; miles . Hero , _iisconeling the highest of the Devil's . lumps , the : party elincel em the grass , _she : lferenl by _ae'iirious rock , which juts up . _picturcsenicly enough , from the : very summit of the ; hill ; and _though the : repast was not deficient of more : cordial beverages , the ; " bright , water-jug , " lilleel from the ; Silver-thread rill ( which was flowing with a most melodious sound below ) , went round from hand to hand , and was resorted
Excursion To The New Water-Sources Propo...
to with avidity . So pure and fresh a draught , it was agreed , might be envied by our gracious Queen , whoso palace , amidst all its splendours , cannot yet furnish those highest luxuries of all , untainted air and water . Nor was it less strongly felt that the substitution of such a supply for the filthy and undrinkable water at present furnished to the metropolis would do more than any repressive measures , or mere teetotalist
exhortations , to wean the poorer class from habits of intemperance . The learned professors present expressed themselves convinced by what they had seen of the soundness of the views advocated by Mr . F . O . Ward and the Sanitary reformers as to the substitution of hill-top for valley-bottom water supplies ; and the whole party returned to town impressed with a lively preference of " Silver-thread" water to the sewagetainted water of the Thames .
Progress Of Association. The Subjoined L...
PROGRESS OF ASSOCIATION . The subjoined letter is by an eminent writer on Social Economy , well known to most of our readers also for his practical exertions in the application of the principle of Concert , as Mr . Jules Lechevalier . M . Lechcyalier has resumed his patronymic of St . Andre , which he had formerly dropped , but which is now needed to distinguish him from the also eminent economist of the old school , M . Michel Chevalier : — To the Members , Friends , and Supporters of Working Men ' s Associations , and of Co-operative Stores . " "No man having put his hand to tho plough , and looking back , is lit for the kingdom of God . "—St . Luke , ix . 62 .
Having resigned , in the beginning of March last , the management of the Central Co-operative Agency , at 76 , Charlotte-street , Fitzroy-square , which had been entrusted to me by Mr . Edward Vansittart Neale , the founder of that establishment , and the dissolution of partnership , as regards myself in the late firm , Lechevalier , AVoodin , Jones and Co ., now carried on under th e title Woodin , Jones and Co ., having been Gazetted on the 13 th of April last , I always considered it my duty to address you and the friends of co-operation and industrial reform in England , on that occasion , as I did last year , when business was begun .
Nevertheless I have , up to this day , delayed fulfilling such intention , as my _aeldress to you _coulel answer no useful purpose , until I was ready to show what further step I meant to take for thc advancement of co-operation and industrial reform . It is gratifying to me to think that none of you might have ever plausibly entertained the idea that , leaving for any motive any especial co-operative
establishment , I hael left altogether the field of my permanent exertions since 1829 , at a time when , and in a country where the facts of the present anel the prospects of the future are so satisfactory , and the method adopted to carry out the realization of industrial reform ae : cording to the great principle of co-operative association , so conformable to my views , anel so well _uelapteel to the little amount of practical wiselom experience has taught me .
In the prospectus of the Central Co-operative . Aqency , the following four principles have beeu set forth : — " 1 st . That trade , _exe-bange , distribution of goods , aro trusts to be administered alike in the mutual interests e > f proelucers anel consumers , not te > be ; cemductcel as mutters of speculation . " 2 nd . That any uelultcrufmn , fraud , and falsehood of any kind , in _prie-e , quantity , or quality , i . s a miselcmeanour , anel should he _elegit , with us sue ; h hy public opinion , and by each individual producer , in the absence e > l law .
" 3 rd . That the most legitimate and eflu . lent means which the _wealthiest classes have for uieling the wen-king men , and the wealthier classes for uieling the poor out , of employment , is to _secure their e : onsumption to ce > - e . perative _establishments , by giving the ; ir orders through a regular channe'l , acting under an especial _responsibility for the : _purpeise . " 4 th . That an equitable anel freoly-uceepted arbitration be : twe : e : n proelucers anel consumers , and the _regulation of demand and supply _niie-eireling te > flu : co-operative : principle , _shemlel lu : substiluteel for the : arbitrary anel se : lfish power of private : speculation . "
riie'se : _prine-iph's are * , in my opinion , a clear anel _e'einiph'te Humming up of anything wise : unel pritctie-ahh ; to be ; giithnre'el up from that part , of the ; _e-ttorts of . se : ieuc _»; , since ; the beginning of * this nine'teenth century , relating e : spe _: eiiully to substituting _eei-eiperiitivo anel emulative association to cemflie'tiug _e-onipefition , in industrial anel commercial transactions . In a public _addri'ss _, whie-h was _ele-livered at , tho ine : efing at _proprietors , _expositors , anel customers of tho Lonelem _Oei-operut . ive _* _. Store's , _be-lel in the : board-room e > f the ; establishment , 7 ( i , Churle . tte-Htreot , _Fitzroy-square ; , on the 30 th of May , 1851 , anel whereof tho report has
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 7, 1852, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_07081852/page/7/
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