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434 THE LEADER, [Satxtrijat,
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BKITISH ANTI-STATE CHURCH ASSOCIATION. T...
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ELECTION MATTERS. Sir Eitzeoy Kexi-t woo...
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PROFESSOR NEWMAN'S LECTURE ON ENGLAND'S ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Bookselling Question. Me, Chables Di...
so . Boots were advertized at a certain price . When a copy was ordered , the retailer could get no discount . How , then , was he to live ? Mr . Sotheron , another retailer , took a similar view . Amendments were moved , and withdrawn ; and the original resolution carried . Opposition having proved ineffectual , the second resolution was moved by Mr . Charles Knight , seconded by Mr . Tom Taylor , and supported by Mr . Basil . * " That the principles of the Booksellers' Association are not only opposed to those of Free-trade , but fire extremely tyrannical and vexatious in their application , and result in keeping- the prices of books much higher than they otherwise vrould be , thus restricting their sale , to the injury of authors , the public , and all connected with literature . "
The third resolution was moved by Professor Newman , and seconded by Professor Ansted . " That this meeting considers the peculiarity of the book-trade , viz ., that the publisher fixes and advertizes the retail price of his publications , no valid argument for the maintenance of the present restrictive system , and that the less the office of promoting the retail sale is centralised in the publisher , and the more it devolves on the local booksellers , the better for the commerce of literature . " Professor Owen moved , and Dr . Lankester seconded , the fourth resolution .
" That the trade restrictions , falling as they do with peculiar severity upon books of a comparatively limited circulation , greatly retard the spread of the hig her branches of science and philosophy , by rendering it unprofitable , and indeed dangerous , to publish works devoted to them . " Mr . J . O . Ward and Mr . John Chapman moved and seconded the fifth resolution , which was supported by Mr . George Cruikshank , and ineffectually opposed by Mr . Saunders , Mr . Ward moved , " That experience having repeatedly shown , that trades with artificially high profits and . a small market , gain by being forced into the natural system of low profits and a large market , this meeting is of opinion , that the abolition of the present restrictions , so far from injuring the bookselling business , will greatly benefit it . "
These resolutions were all carried , and after soine discussion it was resolved that they should be fairly copied and transmitted to Lord Campbell , together with a-letter from Mr . Charles Dickens , stating the reasons why they declined appointing a deputation to wait upon him , as they could not consent to defer to his arbitration or abandon the position they had assumed . Letters appeared in the Morning Herald of the same day , which had passed between Mr . Seeley and Mr . John Chapman . Mr . Seeley wished to be allowed to attend the meeting , and Mr . Chapman declined to
invite him . Mr . Seeley then charged Mr . Chapman with declining to attend the meeting at Stratheden House , and refusing to admit him as spokesman of the booksellers at the meeting above described . The explanation of this seeming impropriety of conduct is very simple . Mr . Chapman was informed of the meeting at Lord Campbell ' s too late to afford him time to consult with his colleagues , and he refused to act without them . As to refusing to invite Mr . Seeley , Mr . Chapman stated that the meeting of Wednesday at his house was called for a special purpose ; and that if Mr . Seeley were invited , other prominent members of the Booksellers ' Association ought to be invited also , and he should not have room for them .
434 The Leader, [Satxtrijat,
434 THE LEADER , [ Satxtrijat ,
Bkitish Anti-State Church Association. T...
BKITISH ANTI-STATE CHURCH ASSOCIATION . The report of this body , read at the annual meeting , on Wednesday , states that they had , during the year , sent deputations to nearly one hundred towns , from Aberdeen in the north to the other extremity of the kingdom . The public meetings had been largo and animated , and though discussion had sometimes taken place , in no case had they failed to adopt the society's principle . A monthly meeting had also been hold during the winder , in London , nt which addresses on given topics had been delivered in the hearing of a considerable rmmbor who hud not attended previous meetings . Tho committee had issued several now popular
tracts , and had commenced a series intended to give a complete exposition of tho sttitochurch system . Tho literary schomo for inculcating tho socioty ' s principles by means of general lifceratuvo hnd been successfully launched ; several thousand volumes of tho " Library for tho Times" having been circulated . Tho agitation for tho repeal of tho Maynooth Endowment Act had led tlw committed to givo their support to tho movement against all stato-patronugo ofroligion . Tho agitation , it was predicted , would greatly accelerate tho solution of ji wider question , m it would bo ineronwngly folt that grants to Roman Catholics in Ireland could not justly bo withdrawn , and at tlio siuno time tho Irish church arid tho prosbytorinn regiwn donum maintained .
The most important resolution ngreoil to wiw adopted on tho motion of Mr . Kdwanl Miall , editor of tho Nonconformist . It recommended " that , in tho prospect of a gononil election , tho meeting earnestly
exhorted the opponents of state connexion with religion to avail themselves of the facilities it afforded for the furtherance of their views by supporting anti-state church candidates . "
Election Matters. Sir Eitzeoy Kexi-T Woo...
ELECTION MATTERS . Sir Eitzeoy Kexi-t wooed the brawny electors of East Suffolk en Saturday , at Ipswich . He was severely taxed by several electors , notably by Mr . Howard , a tenant farmer , who seemed particularly well acquainted with all the ins and outs , the windings and vagaries of the coquet of so many constituencies . Sir Fitzroy met- •¦ with great opposition ; but brass stood him in the stead of a clean conscience , and he parried the home-thrusts of the usual impromptu commentators in the crowd with more or less success . One thing , however , was but too manifest . He had been a Freetrader , and voted for Free-trade ; he now professed the creed of Protection , and his readiness to vote for it . There was a strong party who , if they were not Freetraders , were decidedly against Lord Derby . Mr . John Houghton was proposed by the section who , vehemently rejecting Kelly , rejected alike Derby and Russell . As Mr . Houghton declined to go to the poll , the Solicitor-General was declared duly elected .
Mr . Layard , [ of Nineveh ] late Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs , has been addressing the electors j ^ f Aylesbnry . Mr . Lindsay , the well-known ship-owner , is put up for Dartmouth . He met the electors last week , and , in replying to an attack upon him by a Tory elector , gave the following interesting account of his fortunes : " He should be the last to mention a word about himself had he not been taunted with falsehood . He was told he was a mere commonplace shipbroker . God knew he was commonplace enough once . He was the architect of his own fame , and he hoped no one would despise him on that account . ( Cheers . ) He was but a young man now , and
at the age of fourteen he was left an orphan bov to push his way in the world . He left Glasgow to find his way to Liverpool with 4 s . 6 d . only in his pocket , and so poor was he that the captain of a steamer had pity on him , a nd told him that he would g ive him his passage if he would trim the coals in the coalhole of the steamer . He did so , and thus worked his passage . He remembered that the fireman gave him a part of his homely dinner , and never Lad he ate a . dinner with such relish , for he felt that he had ¦ wrought for it and earned it ; and he wished the young to listen to this statement—he had derived a lesson fronvthat voyage which he had never forgot . ( Cheers . ) At Liverpool he remained for . seven weeks before he could get
employment ; he abode m sheds , and 4 s . 6 d . maintained him , until at last he found shelter id a West Indiaman ; he entered as a boy , and before he was nineteen he had risen to the command of an Indiaraan . At 23 , he retired from the sea , his friends , who when he wanted assistance had given him none , having left him that which they could no longer keep . lie settled on shore ; his career had been rapid ; he had acquired prosperity by close industry , by constant work , and by keeping ever in viow that great principle of doing to others as you would be done by . ( Cheers . ) And now , instead of being a commonplace shi p brokor , ho would tell them that at 35—for ho was no older—what was the amount of business which tho firm which ho had established , and was at the head of and tho acting partner in , transacted . During tho last year alono their charters executed amounted to upwards of 700 ,
and this year it bade fair to bo largor . Tho amount of their insurances was 3 , 000 , 000 ? . sterling ; they had shipped , as contractors , upwards of 100 , 000 tons of coal , and upwards of 150 , 000 tons of iron . They had imported in tho famine year , as brokers , 1 , 500 , 000 quarters of corn . ( Hoar , hear . ) Then , as to tho next charge , that ho was no shipowner , and did not own a ton of shipping . In consequence of this statement ho had been induced to copy out a list of tho ships in which ho owned a proportionate rate , and was managing owner of all , a largo and high class of British built ships . Jfo then read a list of 18 vessels , besides steamers and others , ranging from 8 ( 50 to 310 tons burden , tho total tonnage being 21 , 002—tho largest portion of which he owned himself , and was manager for the whole . " ( Loud cheers . )
Lord Goderich has addressed tho electors of Hull . Ho declares against the reimposition of a duty on corn , but advocates " tho readjustment of thoso taxes which press so heavily xipon tho shipping interests of tho country . " Ho also advocates tho extcnaion of tho unffrugc , the shortening of tho duration of Parliaments , and " a careful reconsideration of tho present distribution of members . " Ah tlie Genornl Election approaches , tho activity of tho Irish Catholics incronscs . A document was issued nt tlie end oi' hist weok , to tho Catholic electors of Ireland , by tho Defence Association , signed by the now notorious nanio of Wilboribrco . It has been called forth by tho oHbrt mndo to pledge Members of Parliament against tho Maynooth grant , winch it calls * an instalment of justice to Ireland . "
John of Tuam ban declared m favour of Saxon candidates , like Mr . Shorill' Swift , for Irish constituencies . This is an important accession . What now becomes of tho cry of nationality raised by Young Ireland , and formerly supported by St . Jarlatli ? Considerable activity is visible in tho Towor Hamlets , which leads to tho conclusion that the contest there
will be a sharp one . Mr . Ayrton , Mr . George Tliornrj . son , and Mr . William Newton , have met the electors during the week , to explain their views . M ^ is a sound radical , and at a meeting , on Wednesday held , at Bethnal-green , it was resolved that he and Mr ' Thompson were entitled to the support of the electors " A similar meeting was held at Hackney , on Monday ' when , although considerable opposition was manifested to ¦ Mr ,-: George- Thompson , a resolution / approving of both candidates , was agreed to . Mr . Leenaan , who was considered safe , and Mr * Milner , have witl ^ rawn their pretensions at York " This leaves Henry Vincent in a more favourable * position .
Mr . Isaac Butt , Q . C ., who rivals Mr . Freshfield in Ins adventures , wooings , and rebuffs with constitrieuciesj at home and abroad , has offered 'himself for—Harwich . What a splendid instance of high ambition '
Professor Newman's Lecture On England's ...
PROFESSOR NEWMAN'S LECTURE ON ENGLAND'S PLACE AND DUTY IN EUROPE . * ( Concluded . ) 1 . "We ought not to vacillate . " Inconsistent effort destroys itself . Whig , Tory , and Radical , will agree , that England becomes contemptible if she does not know her own mind—if she holds different language in successive years—if she undoes to-day what she did yesterday . There can be no party among us who seriously approve of keeping up fleets and embassies for patronage to the Ministry , and for nothing else . But vacillation is far worse than nothing : it involves treachery and baseness . States and peoples ( like tlie noble and unfortunate Sicilians ) trust our strongly expressed sympathies , act on the expectation of our support * and find themselves cruelly abandoned . " What allies , then , in future shall we get ? What influence can wo
have if we change ironi year to year ? All know in what direction Russia and Austria will act : these powers are at least consistent , and hence their success . But as for England , one- needs trt be a very deep statesman to know what she is aiming at . fl can reniember that Mr . ' Canning , as Prime Minister , sent a fleet into the Levant , which fought tha battle qf Navarino ; and that the Duke of Wellington , as Prime Minister , apologized for the battle as a mistake . We supported constitutionalists in Spain and Portugal up to a certain date , and then , in 1847 , we crushed the constitutionalists of Portugal . We would fight against Naples in a quarrel about sulphur , but not to save the hereditary liberties of the Sicilians , of whom ( when it was convenient ) we had assunaed the protectorate . While constitutional Hungary was triumphant , and was not yet embittered against all monarchy , we would not risk a war with
[ Russia to hinder an intervention which we deplored ; yet , when Hungary has fallen , we risk a war with Russia to save a few Hungarian refugees . Because "we have offended Russia in the Dardanelles , we gratify her inHolstein , so far as to bring Austrian armies into Hamburg , and give a stab to freedom and Protestantism in North Germany . " Our envoy in Italy encourages Italian liberty in 1848 , —cautiously , yet so aa fully to manifest English sympathies . Soon after , Rome , righteously and legally free , is unjustly crushed by France : her unhappy refugees are treated with rude inhpsp'itality by our Maltese Qpvevnor , and our Prime Minister defends him by gratuitous slander on the exiles ! Who would have suspected that antipapal England would dread an unpapal Rome ?] In fact , to what results in Europe can we point aa won by our vast exertions and sacrifices ? Which of all the nations is grateful to us ? Which of all can be oonscious that it would ba the worse off if England for the last 150 years had lain underoff than if had
the waves ? Or how are we ourselves better we been strictly neutral the last seventy years ? All will allow the intolerable evils of vacillation ; bnt few seem duly to take to heart that it is the besetting sin qf every free and mixed government . We have no fixed and secret senate like that of old Rome , conducting all foreign affairs coherently , ordering armies , finances , commissaries , treaties , embassies . As the Sovereign cannot overrule the Ministry , there is . absolutely no organ whatever to secure consistency in our action . On a chance of Ministry , all foreign powers count that them will bo a change in our foreign policy . Thus England stultifies herself . If this is inevitable , ought not Tonos , Whigs , anci every other order of statesmen , to agree that it is far better to withdraw our fleets and embassies P If a domestic occurrence , such as a change of Ministry , is to deceive our allies or menus , what elso do vie become but a snare and a nuisance to Jiuropor Wo entice , and almost compel , foreign states to intrigue iu our internal iiffirirf ) . . * 1 I 11 > UI Hill UlltlllU . L counteract
, 2 . But , again . " Nok ought our ambassadors to ; one another . " This now is to bo calculated on , except wlien they all chimo in with despotism . For the despotic courts , i > y alternate flattering and bullying , count that they cun at last get a supple ambassador . Through the Hungarian wnr , it waa notorious that the policy and tone of . lord Ponsoiiby an do t Hir Stratford Canning were strikingly at variance . Tlie only cure is to abandon fixed embassies , whioh belong to a past age , ana i » Europe , as a Hyst-em , aro now useless or mischievous , jy' * , „ embassy in au aggressive despotic court la hablo to U 8 V / " rnptodly tho atmosphere , and undoes the influence ol oonntit- * tional England , Thoso who live in daily courtesy wiUi ru- m oriminnls . lenm to look gently or approvingly on fjifiantuminu . A fixed embassy should not be tho rule , but tho exception . 3 . " Noil ought our ministry to leave darkness over our pr » ciplcs « nd purpoflos . " Secret diplomacy exerts no iniluonoo'ov ¦ «* bad nion , xoopt as a dirdot threat of war . It is weig hed , not : W truthandrightoousnoss . butbyoaunon-bnlls . No » oorotl «* wro » make a tyrant bhiflh . nor stir u nation into enthusiasm . Jiesiuu ^ Jl .,.,,, ^ ,.,. * . .. nn ^ . ^ m « mci n . Tv » na f Tni « ohiflVnilB ' , HtlpOrilMlOO »»*
liints and mild plinuios ; and ( ho to » ay ) to the winkH , j uid 1 tomu personality , of fin ambassiulor : honoo it ui a dun G ° ° *?" , „ of docontion , nnd unsuitable to an lionourablp power anj ^ good ciuiHO . At present neither l ' oi-. iign nations , noi tiie i » public , knowtbo motive of ourforoign procoedingH , i " f ' ,, the facts aro pulilio : honoo our past i « no guido to oni " » Of our recent lOuropoan wars , Unit of Syria , in 1810 , ih t » e « x famous : but how ninny « 1 ' uh know why wo ongftg « l » A fc / ftiiu hivVu board thrno rcusons ; but know not winch to root iy . o . ^ j , u wlip of us could have gueHsod that our ininiutry woilU ^' i A n * louiu Bonaparte to ¦ roaloro tlio Popo by £ or ( l ° / rt'V ^ CiniT » l " Italian can nsaurodly assort why wo did hoi' U " <> ^|^ ,. » Niiplch word now to run away , and the NcapolitftiiHi and »«» " „ wor « to « st » bliHh a govornmont ., m orderly »»« w " * , " . * " i'oro-Hont tyranny U horriblo , tho opproHflod puoplo Is unwu V , uo j , Hflo , or to know , probably , whoflior wo should joint » o a t in oruHhin thofr fVoodom . or resolutoly «»»* . «"" J , ' ' oJJoy niffrroHHion . What more severe can be siud of n j »» ° 'B ' t fo th «» wlftoh protondB to moral influonoo P And this flow * <>«> < 0 Hocrct system . It would bo cany to » lio \ v tho same lcm < ' » loso in poaoo all that wo have hardly oavnod m war . _ _!_ * Viclo Lcadw , No . 110 .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), May 8, 1852, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_08051852/page/6/
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