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¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦" ¦¦*§ 446 THE LEADER. [No. 4...
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OUR WEST INDIA ISLANDS. We were saying t...
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EMPRESS OF IND. Has N any one calculated...
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SANITARY CONDITION OP THE ARMY. " Report...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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An Irish University. Tjunity College, " ...
land the fellow is allowed to reside out of the ¦ university , and may pursue other professions ; in Dublin , residence is compulsory , and active duties are attached to the office . It is , as lias been described by authority , " a public office with important duties and responsibilities attached to it ; " and it is in the public interest , and not in the interest of any individual junior fellows , that a reform shoidd be pressed . The most surprising point about the whole matter is , how , in these days of published accounts and financial investigations , the senior fellows have been allowed to accumulate funds for their own advantage . The process of appointing an auditor out of thchv own . body , in contravention of the spirit of the statutes , which plainly contemplate an independent audit , is a piece of cool assurance requiring a curious combination of reputed learning , the gravity of age , and Irish impudence . The ¦ manner in which the fees arising out of the granting of degrees have been diverted from their original distribution is quite a curiosity—but a curiosity discovered only after great research by some pryingreformers . For instance , the fees payable on obtaining the degrees of B . D . and 1 ) . D ., in 180 . 1 , amounted to 3 G ^ ., and of these 15 / . were allotted to Trinity College , or " common chest , " and the
provost and senior tellows received notlung . xSut since that time those seven wise men have diverted (" convey , the wise it call" ) the distribution of the money in a remarkable way . The fees for these degrees amount now to 39 / . 15 s ., and of this sum the provost and . senior fellows take 19 / ., allotting to the " common chest" only 2 / . 15 s ., in contrast with the 15 / . allotted to the same fund some fifty . years ago . How these things can be is not wonderful when we find that the so-called " visitors , ' with the single exception of a case of extraordinary appeal in 1845 , have , held no regular visitation fox the last twenty-five years .
¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦" ¦¦*§ 446 The Leader. [No. 4...
¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦" ¦¦*§ 446 THE LEADER . [ No . 424 , May 8 , 1858 . |
Our West India Islands. We Were Saying T...
OUR WEST INDIA ISLANDS . We were saying the other day that the liberality of the House of Commons in providing for the efficiency of the national services had been too often ill repaid by the conduct of our naval and military , administrators . The favouritism and jobbery of the Horse Guards have found their rivals in the wasteful freaks and reckless blundering of the Admiralty departments and the dockyards . The navaL estimates are voted year after year with unstinting confidence and alacrity , and the ready answer to any whispered doubt has been the duty of watching over our commerce in every sea , and protecting our possessions in every quarter of the globe . Let xis see , then , how this duty is performed . Some weeks since there was a most serious disturbance at St . John ' s City , Antigua . Beginning with a dispute in n grog-shop between two men employed as stevedores on Doard a ship lading in the port , the one ar Antig-uan , the other a Barbadian , it resulted ir a furious insurrection , which , but for the prompi decision of the authorities , who appear to have acted most prudently and judiciously throughout would have left the greater part of the towi destroyed by fire , and abandoned to anarchy anc lilnnrkhprl . Tin fin ' s nrn . vfi mnnvepnev the crovcmor 0 ¦
the island found himself without so much as a corporal ' s guard from the whole British army to assist the civil power ; special constables , mounted volunteers , sailors from the merchantmen in port , and a couple of field-pieces were all the means at his disposal ; and he was compelled to despatch a letter to the Governor of Guadeloupe asking for the assistance of a few French troops . Eour hours after receipt of this despatch the . French governor shipped two hundred men from his garrison in a war-steamer . Fortunately the riots had been quelled before the arrival of the French troops , •*•¦* i til . IT not tercel to
* . and it was . consu necessary mnu . them in aid of the provisional force until the troops from liarbadoes should arrive . Now , while we rejoice heartily in this cordial understanding between the British and French governors , we cannot regard the necessity for such an appeal for succour with satisfaction . Tins is the third time , we believe , since 18 IW , that-British West India colonies have hiul to apply to foreign states for assistance in times of disturbance . In 1833 , if we mistake not , Tortola had the aid of a , Danish man-of-war ; in 1853 Tortola sent for Danish troops when the town was burnt ; and now , in 1858 , Antigua gets a man-of-war and two hundred French troops from Guadeloupe . Surely this is ain improper state of things . British troops have been entirely withdrawn from all our West India
islands except Barbadoes , St . Lucia , Trinidad , and Demerara , and the expectation was that their place would be supplied by local regiments or an efficient police ; but-poverty , want of influence of the Executive , and indifference when deserted , by the mother country , have prevented this expectation from being realized , and at this moment most of the Windward and Leeward Islands are entirely without means of successfully controlling riots . We trust our friendly relations with France may survive all changes of government among our neighbours , but it is not a safe condition of alliance that we should leave our islands * exposed to the chance of being seized in detail in the event of a rupture . While the French have as many as five thousand regular troops stationed in their two possessions , we . might well afford to station a single gun-boat at each of our islands to prevent local disturbances , and for concentrated action in the case of war . Parliament , we contend , has a right to insist on our enormous naval and military estimates being properly applied , and the national forces effectively distributed . It is idle extravagance to build ships , accumulate stores , and commission fleets , if \ ye leave our dependencies at the mercy of foreign aid in time of peace , and of foreign attack in the event of war .
Empress Of Ind. Has N Any One Calculated...
EMPRESS OF IND . Has N any one calculated how much dignity would , j be added to the British Crown by the addition of an imperial title to the present titles of the Quecii ? Can she be more than Queen of Great Britain , Ireland , their colonies and dependencies ? T he late Queen of Portugal—Maria Of Glory—was styled Empress of the Two Indies—as the reigning king is probably styled Emperor— -and it would be an absurdity to invest our royalty with a title reduced to a mockery by the Portuguese . The day is past in which grandiloquent appellations enhanced tlio . snlp . ndrmr of aiw monarch . Who is the Lord , of
the Seas but a secluded barbarian , or the brother of the Sun and Moon but a pig-tailed Tartar ? We hope no one is seriously thinking of putting ^ Queen Victoria hi competition , in the matter of j titles , with the rabble of Illuminators of the j Universe , Kings' of Golden Thrones , Luminaries in I the firmament of Glory , Emperors of Burmah , Thibet , Tonquin ,. and Cochin-China cocks and hens . The very notion springs from a pernicious belief that we can govern India by fictions , and that the reverberation of a name will silence all rebel drams from AJmora to Tincvclly , from Cox ' s Bazaar to Ramdorcc . Let us leave an Old Kalabar savage to call himself The Bull of Bulls , or an African Cannibal to frighten hatless , shoeless mns-cuUAtes ^ and coffee-coloured butchers as The Lord of ' Thunder ; and if we undertake the work of or-1 ganizing our Eastern dominions upon a just , ! civilized , and prudent basis , we may leave QiLcen 1 Victoria in the enjoyment of the only title which 1 would ever be respected in Europe . We want k nothing imperial in this country , nothing in the 3 form ol' proclaimed dignities , nothing in imitation > of French , Russian , or Austrian magniloquence . } If Alexander and Napoleon are Emperors , so is * Soulouciuc . f I *
Sanitary Condition Op The Army. " Report...
SANITARY CONDITION OP THE ARMY . " Report of t . la Commissioners appointed to inquire into tlie re // 'illations affecting the sanitary condition ! of the Army , the organization of military hospitals , and the treatment of the sick and wounded . Tim great importance to the community , and the ' ! national interests involved in the official investigation which this report , embodies , it would be impos- ; sible to overrate . It is , however , most satisfactory , ' in offering our evidence as to the way in which the work has " been done , to be able so heartily to endorse the words ot uio
rrenncr wncn presenwny the report , and pronounce it an admirable report that should receive the earnest attention of . the Government . Originally set on foot by Mr . Sidney Herbert , whoso previous experience of military economy had no doul ) t rendered him especially alive to the terrible disclosures of the Crimean Army Inquiry , the subject of the inquiry was , after the usual representation to the Queen , followed by the issue of the Jloyal Commission , on the 5 th of May , " 1 S 57 , composed of the following gentlemen : —The JKight lion . Sidney Herbert , Augustus Stafford Stafford , Esq . ( now deceased ) , Colonel Sir Henry K . Storks ( Commandant of Hospitals in the late Eastern campaign ) , Dr . Andrew Smith ( Army . Medical ' Director-General ) , Thomas Alexander ,
pearancc ot health winch is fallacious , we nave yet to add to the black account those soldiers who die after discharge from the service . Some of these men of course are men who have served their time , but from 15 to ' 20 per 1000 pev annum arc discharged until ; for service in cavalry and infantry serving at homo , under twenty-one or twenty-four years' service , and a large proportion arc condemned under three years' service . Many of these men have contracted disease in I he service , they go out to die in fact , and thus the plague-spot in the yanks has been habitually glossed over to the eye . They ! ,-. «!_ -r- . , -. .. 1 * .. ! .. ...-., I t * .., .. . \\ n * -w 1 nn 4 l » i- » 1 »/" I 1 M"M * I * -I'l \ . ' j % .
muiv uvul inn iuiu iic & ii , in in , iia miu iv . jiwii , .-.. , ; -, " clearly , if every man likely to die could be invalided , ' the army would appear to he almost nn-! mortal . " Still , whether a soldier die in the service oras a pensioner the death must equally be counted ' to the wide of military . service , lint let us follow ! tip the pensioner . Colonel Tullocli , I he SuperinU-ndont , of Pensioners , tells us that iicmHioners ot all arms die every year at the . rate of 1 li > per 1000 . Ihi ; turning to ' the table showing the , nuinbtr ol pensioners dying in the first year of . their bring on the , list , we see the sad iruili recorded , opp <» H'j the Household Cavalry , of l' 2 . > p < r . 1000 , iiuU the : b \ mt Ciuai'ds m-ii per 1000 , Cavalry oI the Line ( ifS -C ) , Infantry 7-I- -5 . What becomes ol the lnr < j ; e proportion discharged without pension vv « cnunoL come at , as they become merged m w
C . B . ( Inspector of Military Hospitals ) , Sir Thomas -4 Phillips , J . Ranald Martin , Esq ., T . R . S . ( late # Medical Officer of the Bengal Army ) , Sir Jame 3 fl Clark , Bart ., M . D . ( Physician to the Queen ) , Dr . f | John Sutherland ( Sanitary Inspector ) . . || The result now before us is a parliamentary ^' volume of more than 600 pages . The report and |? recommendations with the evidence , including above p 10 , 000 questions and replies , nearly 10 O of which f $ arc written answers by Miss Nightingale , of p I great value and interest , occupy about two-thirds 51 I of the book . The remainder being an appendix % J containing tables showing the ratio of mortality in ^ the troops and civilian population , diagrams of mor- 1 tality at the hospitals in the East , and comparative t diagrams to scale of the density of population in .. East London and a military camp , a valuable ab- < , stract of the instructions in the Frcucli military k hospitals , plans of the Hdpitnl do Lariboissiere , for \ , G 12 beds , at Paris , and for the ventilation of bar- | racks , and of new bed compartments invented by | ColonelJcbb , Chief Engineer of Prisons . | The sources of the evidence have been extended over a very wide urea ; from the recruiting and enlistment of the soldier through the whole course of his habits and duties at home and abroad , his dwelling-house , food , and clothing , his diseases and iusi i / uji ^ jjuiiv
ins nospiiai , nis ]) iiy uuu ma w . .-m ., down to his discharge when no longer fit for service , and his death as a pensioner . Then there is the ! whole subject of the medical officer , from the . quailificotions of candidates and the principles of selccition adopted , ramifying away through all the ] intricacies of professional jealous }' , promotion by routinc and by selection ; rank , pay , and comiv . dsory retirement , up to the constitution , organization , and powers of the office of Director-Geneval of the Department . The -witnesses then examined were necessarily chiefly medical men experienced in all branches of the profession ; military-officers , engineer officers , comsuuiu jiich otitv / i ^ iu iu
| | lor nnssanan omceis , auu . Lv-, < . * . » . ranks , with some civilians holding official positions ia the War Office ,-a distinguished actuary , and the llegistrar-Genci-al . Miss Nightingale ' s evidence ; as before stated , is g iven to written questions , and a . surprisingly interesting document of hospital statistics it is , to which we shall find it necessary to refer hi considering- the subject . Thus we are provided with the opinions derived from the most distinguished practical experience , with the results of scientific study and observation ; and calculations in vital statistics that carry the peculiar and irresistible conviction of facts ami figures . The report begins by developing the astounding fact , that although the soldier is a picked man , one out of every three recruits being rejected as worthless , and though he is chosen at last after repealed severe scrutiny from two , sometimes three , surgeons ; his life , fighting and foreign service being put out of the question , is not half so good as that of a . civilian of the same , age . Even among the best of the picked men , the Mower of the British army , iluv Foot Guards , the mortality is nearly double that of the most unhealthy of all the manufacturing towns , Manchester . But the ease is even still more startling and desperate in its deadly significance—the returns a-iving the broad fact , lust stated show anap-
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), May 8, 1858, page 14, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_08051858/page/14/
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