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632 T H E IE ADER. [Saturday,
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The jSteapolitan Government has trtade a...
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The Silcfa has,, a foroibi© artiijlp on....
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AMERICAN NOTES. T«^ Committee of Ways an...
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AMERICAN LIFE DESGBIBED BY AN ENGLISH RE...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
A Despatch Received From Vienna Announce...
15 th , of June . The / Terriblei Furious , and Descartes were attacked -by eight Russiansteatnersjiieair Sebastopol . A shell fell on'board , the Russian steam-ship Wladimirv It wilf be seen that it was not " the allied fleet , " arS stated in' si > nie quarters ; which the Russians ventured to ^ & tta ^ The tim ^ -honoured Muscovite rule 6 f , na . val fighting—^ threo t 6 oneseems to haye been . ieveren . tly observe ^ $ n this occa % sion . , . •; . ¦ ; ., . - , ' .... . ¦ Vi ' i ' . ^ • -.. . ¦ Intelligence received of at Turkish reverse in Asia has causedagreatsensation in Constantinople- The loss of the Turks seems ttv-have beerr abcmt 1500 men , mostly , however , irregulars . TheT j UfMsh . ac count is , that on the . Stfc of June , a division c 6 mnosed of 3000 Bashi-Bazouksr ^ nd half a battalion ; of
regular troops received" anoider from Jtarnis ^ achaj to attack two redoubts ,, established six , hours from Usurguet , on the road to Kutais . Three cqlumns . of 1 G 0 O men each . being iornjedy the attack took place , against the first redoubt , . which was . 'taken by the column of Hassen Beyi < The third ; column then attacked the other redoubt * led by Alid Bey and Hamid Bey of Batoum . The' Russians - attacked them on the flanks' during- the assault , and ^ bve them back vrith great Joss' on the fitst / redbiibt , which they wished to maintain , but the Russians again attacked them , and they were driven , . out-with the loss of two of their chiefs , Hassan and Hamid Beys . The loss acknowledged by the Turks amounts % y 1400 Ba £ hi-BazQuk & an < i lsOregulars .
; , -There via *" ateview of * I ^ riee Napoleon ' s division at Daoud Pasha , on the 17 th . June .- A JErench pen describes it . thus : ^~ . > :. ¦» . ¦ - ¦ ¦ ;¦ . > : , ¦ . . ;;• ¦ . . .- '•' . " At 11 o ' clock the troops issued from the Aarracks to take position in the plain . At half-past 11 Prince ; Napoleon arrived in the full uniform of ^ General of Division * followed by a brilliant staff , aid a magnificent escort < 6 f 'Cuirassiers and Spahis . Marshal St . Arnaud arrived afterwards with his staff , among Whom ; wa ? Geaeial Bose , who is attached , as British Commissioiier , to the person of tn & Marshal . At last the Sultan himself reached the ground in .. the midst of the great Turkish dignitaries . He '; rode a magnificent black charger . He was received by the Marshal and the Prince . Pis Majesty passed along at a-gallop ; in frpnt of the trpops , who Were dr ^ VFa ' iftJ id two lines , which extended verv far .
Jle had on ; his right ; Priiice ;; Napole 6 n , aad the Marshal on his left , and . the Sultaa never appeared to nierto be so animated and . in such good health . He remained on horseback three hours , still followed by the niost brilliant staff that has been ever Seeu at Constantinople . The appearance and bearing of . the troops were very fine , the denlo was . executed in admirable . . order an < i wjth : great precision , ^ jt was ; exeputed by tKe . Chisseuvs of xiwc ^ nnes at tfce , ojiick step , which is , a novelty . at Constantinople . The "Spfthls defied at full gallop , and the effect Was really mag-JW & ceni . "After the French tr . oqp 3 had ^ lldeflledj ^ the Turkish troops ,. ifrhb fprjri ; part .. Of , the 'di v ision of the . Prince ^ then « une forward ; we all admired their appearance , even coming after the French . The Sultan appeared delighted . He
warmly , expressed" his satisfaction to the Prince and the Marshal , and regretted that he was not able to express himself sufficientl y in I ' renQh j which he understands very well , thqugh no does not speak it : , because , as he . nalvely observed to J ; be Marshal , he lias npt the habit of doing so , and his thoughts become paralysed when he wishes to express them in that language . Madame St . Arnaud was in a » rriago on the ground . She alighted to salute the S « jlton , to whom the Marshal presented her . The Sultan , . was . full of politeness and attention to hef , and insisted on hpr entering her car- riage that she should ^ not . fatigife herselE . His , XEyesty . also expressed a hope that slio would , visit the palace- —wj ) ich , by t he . way , is cpntr ; irv ; ,, toi all . preocsdoat , / Decidedly flha Turks arjs bec ^ ining cfyiljsed . *' . [' S ¦ . ¦ , ' . ' i ^ iI t iin i , ¦ ' ,. . ,,
632 T H E Ie Ader. [Saturday,
632 T H E IE ADER . [ Saturday ,
The Jsteapolitan Government Has Trtade A...
The jSteapolitan Government has trtade another inodifi ftt | ibn in the rules wlilch it had laid down with respect to thp exportation of sulphur . A communication has been made by tJho Neapolitan Miniflter ( the > Commander Garafa ) to the JFrenqb , and probably to the English Minister , afa that'Court ,. to the effect that . > . , ¦ ,,. ' . *• , Th , p Cfoyernment of tho Jfing , considering that if on the ttf $$ s $ b Bulp'hur- ig , classed by Welral-States ' . among the ' articl 6 a which ;; 'are' contraband o £ war , ' tllqfc ^ rpdue ' e-is at tlio wwnqte , time necesaary to many ¦ industrlos t ^ serving , besides , m Tight to pel ) i ' that miercbandiso on' jit ' s own ter'r it'ory ' i hits adbxded tpit it' \ vill bblfreql"to " every W tb comd to'buy Sttlphur Jn ^ hb'Wn gaym ^ f thja-Tw ' o jSicilifea . and to transport / # >« $ fimefo & to dt % Kir tibU'M peril , ' As to ^ o Tassels , il'nd ( lr , ^ tf N'iapolttfn ' jaal , ft ' prc / orVcs tho'Vight 6 f transp , OTting ; thOfltflphnrinte ' nenWttorbi M' "
The Silcfa Has,, A Foroibi© Artiijlp On....
The Silcfa has ,, a foroibi © artiijlp on . the i existing state of things , breathing 1 / thb'true spirit . , - " To talk of the nbdioatibn of the Enoperot Nicholas Vhcn neither Sevastopol nor Oronstrtdt liai been taken , and'when ho has ntill lusfleoto and Ma ' 'frontier ' intact laoortninly « ficce of sterile peurilityv Tho sem ^ oflioJal character 1 of tlio jonrttnl which hauhelatliialutigun ^ oniay ovon render itdniv gbrbaB . ihasniuch aa , being rcgilrdoa an ilnieclto of tboidona of the Jpjnonoh 6 orornmcnt , it will enconmgo him to whom it is addressed to a personal nnd dospomto resistance , Tho jlowora Who havo tooth antj claws evon in blio feblo , ' aro mat willingl / present ht tho sale of tho hpollq whiqh have boon tolwnJiWffl thbrfi , It fa notf / hotoovor , in thia point of viiw that wo yriah to oxftrnino the indictment drawn up by tho Constitytionnel ngjalnat tho Emperor of Russia ' / SW » fo ( 4 tjtiUtd , uava thto fcatlh' proverb , tollitur etfectusJ Oim Jt , tlioMoxo bo aori . onslyv lioliwed thut tli © Emhoror Nioholaa W the ¦ personal catfeo of the- g « ab war raised , between
barbarism and civilization ? What is the Emperor of Bnssia ? He is not only a Sovereign watf has abused his onittipotent strength , aud bas degraded the' principle of authority among nations ; but- he is the successor of Alexander , of Gathering of Elizabeth , and of Peterth © Eitet . He -is the representative of a system of government ; in which the abuses with which , th © ConOtiewtion nel reproaches the ? present Czar have always- existed . He is the continuator of a secular , policy , the object , of ; which is the , shivery of I ? urape . He is . one of the executors of the ¦ will oiE . universal monarchy bequeathed by his ancestors . Se has uotwused himself up personally of a sudden , like CSajsar 6 r J ^ aiioleon- HJs ancestors have prepared everything for htm pkirifuMy » saTJjgely—by eri * rte ; by barbarism , by cinnlng , by arms , by viofene ' e—in- a word , by all means which : ' -reararded as ^ rood bv fehatieallv atheistical powers : he
haH-his cause and his root in them . He would not be Emgjsror ofIRussia'if lie . did notcariy his-stoneto theh ;; vfork . -When : ho jinterfeareid in > Hungary in order to become , the protector of Austria ^ when- he ineited revo ) t in the Sclayo-Gseek < jountries , - when he sent Menscbikoff to Constantinople , ife owns * . the fatality of the precedents of his race- which . impelled him to these acts . He was .. the . Cpar , ^ ndepend « nj . ly of his name of Nicholas , his qualities , of his ' fine sia'fijre , ' and ; ' of his superb eyes , as the Pope Is * the , Pope , wlieiher' lie l > e called Gregory VII . or LeoX . What is it , ' ihei-efore , that you so childishly propose ? Do you ' ¦ think' it will depend' on your fine-sounding phrases to reduce 3 the stujggleL of the Wesfagainst the North to the proportions of a coalition againstT one man ? VVhen all Europe united , againsi ? , Napoleon , it coalesced against the
representative of . revolution , against the chief of that military nation who' set his foot on the heads of kings . Although it obtained theubQication it demanded , what did it gain , by it ? In 1830 xevolutionary France again made thrones totter ; it did the same in 1848 . French principle remained French prihciill «; . Personal rabdication , ^ bsolntel y change nothing in the principles of nations and of monarchies . The real epemy . of Europe and of its civilisation is not the Sovereign Nicholas L , failing more or less in his duties and in the obligations which Providence imposes on the great ; it is the . Russian system ; it is that system which , although Itussia is not a commercial power , has heaped up the fleets , the cannon , and the terrible forces of Helsingfors , of Eevel , arid Cronstadt , and Sevastopol , for the future conqnest of universal monarchy . It is this system ivliich has
led Kussia . into all her interventions , and has made of her a new Rome , threatening the universe . ' You have seamen , cannon , and fleets , as sne has ; and you have the providential chance of being united" to the forces of Europe itt a just cause . Take Sebastopol and Gronstadt , and clip the wings of the . \ two-headed eagle , and only occupy yourself in a secondary " manner with the present Czar . It is- against Russian-power , jv power out of all bounds , and without all equilibrium ] that the war in the East is waged . Yoa would ootain nothing ( even in obtaining what ydu demand . Philip II . continued wliat Charles V . began , and the successor of Nicholas would perhaps be compelled to go even further than he . This is what is called for by tlie law of Russian principle , and which will be necessary sooner or later to regulate thestate and destiny of the Danubian provinces , in such a way as to prevent them frohi being exposed , and from . exposing Turkey to the violent invasions of which they have been too often the theatre , i / is evident that Austria Is the
Jrower which- is best placed to derive the greatest advantage from the now organisation of these provinces , of , whjch she iriay by her vicjnity bo tho / most vigilant sentinel , and the most direct guardian in the nume and for the advantage of all Europe However this may be , the entrance © t the Austrian forces into the Principalities is already a guarantee foi ¦' ¦ "Eqrope " and for the . Ottoman empire , in ao far as AtistWa ' thereby opposes a powerful barrier to new aggressions of Russia ; and , moreover , she prornotes the interest of Germany by establishing in fact therrce navigation of the Danube-i-tnnt great route of German commerce , ' wiiicli assurecHy will n » t again b & given up to tlio caprice and omniptitenco of Ozare . In whatevor point of view wo consider the policy of Aubtriu , wo shall . find that jt justifies all tba hopes of thosowho nssbttcd that her young Sovereign would not liesJtate to plh « e tho" permanent right of civilisation and tho Buperibr Interests of Europe and Germany above dynastic connexions and personal relations . "
American Notes. T«^ Committee Of Ways An...
AMERICAN NOTES . T «^ Committee of Ways and Means of tho United State ? Congress has reported a bill modifying the tariff . It is , not very enti ^ faqtory . It proposes to put among , the articles liable , to a , 20 per ciewt . duty iron , sugar , cotton , woqllens , wines , & c . The 100 per . cent , duty on brandy is , to he retained , other ratesarotoboS and 10 percent , on specified articles , and ir > ' per cent , on articles not enumerated ^ tho free last ? being 1 only slightly enlarged , and ao change being mitdo with regard to the flsliing bounty . The squadron looking after tho slave trade ia to bo recalled . This , being interpreted , "is supposed to mean , wo must conccintriito our niivul force , in order to be ready for Spain should eho re ^ uiro a fow metallic argutuenta .
Lord Elgin ,, whose return has been celebrated in Quebec , opened tho Canadian Parliament on tho 13 th Junej In his speech ho announces the war : tha Anglo-French alliance—which ho thinks wol calculated to dall forth tlio sympathies of a country ittaihly pebbled by the descendants of tlnoso two powerful cnypiroa—and tho now treaty , which he ia flrmly convjinccd will provo hitjUly uaolUi tp both parties . In tho House of Representatives Mr . Bococlc , haa introduced » new Navy BUI , tho principal features pf which oro tho establishment of a . ^ higher grade of
officers than captains—namely , " flag officers ; " * a reduction in the whole number of officers , so as to leave as few idlers in the service as possible ; a retired list ; a board of reform ; increased pay for sea service ; stingent rules to prevent as far as possible continued leave of absence ; promotion not ; o be based exclusively ii ' pon date of commission , but also upon general qualifications ; and provisions for the meritorious discharge of . seamen , and inducements held put , to them to re-enlist . The question of -assimilated rank between officers of the navy and army is settled ^ a Judge-Advocate is also provided . It is- further provided that there shall be an increase . of seamen and marines to the number of 3 , 000 , -whose pay is greatly increased , and inducements to good conduct and re-enlistments are made .
American Life Desgbibed By An English Re...
AMERICAN LIFE DESGBIBED BY AN ENGLISH RESIDENT . [ The reader wilt easily recat'the previous communications . on the . social Jife and industrial experiments of America , from $ *& J ? ° f our correspondent , an . observing soJQurner in the United States . The present letter was received , some time , back , but has not been inserted , wishing to succeed it by later information , which is already to handy concerning " Modern- Times "— -that remarkable social experiment—the very Antipodes of Communism—yet seekinj * the solution of A the' very piobl ^ m Communism originally proposed .. Towiards the conclusion of the
present letter , the writer certainly girows intensely Arneriean on the progress of . STew York and the indigenous capacity of the aggregate Yankee , but we count the general reflections of our correspondent dispassionate and many-sided . ] . . " Tinton falls , Monmoath Co ., N . J .,. Jani , 1854 . " My dear SonT- —It is of course , very gratifying to one's vanity to see oneVself in print , occupying whole columns of a paper one so much admired as tbe Leada \ and all the more- , wueii one ' s lucubrations are reproduced in another continent with expressions of special interest , as my hist letter was herein more' papers tbaa one . „ - i to
^ I have ever cherish a gratitude , which can hardly be fairly expressed in , language , towards our Leader , and Mr _ Lewes in particular , for the introduction , obtained through his articles of the year before last , to -the teachings of the only man who has been able to completely solve the ga-at , and in many respects terrible , questions , not only social bu . t even personal , so widely raised in this our day . To Auguste Cornte alone must we look for real—because definitiuesolutions , however admirably others may put the variousgrand elements of the great social . question . From him we get solutions just because he perceives tho essential vnitii ot the problem . . » ¦ . "I cannot agre « with Mr . Lewes that the works with which Gomte . ' . hasthought fit , ' as Harriet Martineaa says ,, to follow up his positive philosophy are in any sense premature . On the contrary , it is precisely them that we really want . That they , would bo inappreciable by any minds , not
iirst initiated into positivism , or at least emancipated / rom tlieplogifim , ia very true . That our ' middle-class' men in England , and the corresponding classes ( ile ., newly ( til ) here , are far beneath the degree of development necessary , for tl » e comprehension of them , ia very true . That the *© is something about them , i .. e ., about their external f . icm , besides tho mere language , which b essentially French , I would bo very ready to admit . But that tho fundamental conceptions are by any means ill-timed I cannot think , Ta me tlioy have proved a bo ^ n truly infinite . And , y < jry . . » nr « am I that thousands of noble hearts among ttiOjJSiigpah . proletariea ( whom I shall over regard as my lellowT countrymen , heartily as I despise the domiuant classes of thit » enliglitencd ana . self-gOTunied country' ) woulu hail with profound satisfaction the only series of doctrines that fully meets the whole of their caae . "
" 8 Homer , C 6 ( 5 th Fob ,, J 85 ^> " Since I loft the North American / Ibalaux , I Uave bueii lividg mostly a very . retired life here in this obscure village , having much to do in view of nay , ultimate Bcttlcmcn . at Modern Times , which I have nevOc ceased to look upon u « iny future homo . ¦ ' .,.. ¦ " It was only incidentally that I heard that my last letter to you bad been reproduced in u Now York ; daily paper ( tho Time *) wiph some comments , contravurting , as 1 uuduratwud , my criticisms on American aopioty generally , and flxpati . uing outho ' happy . homes , ' & o . pf thia ' grea * country . ' Jt ia certuinly out of no disrespect to the ex-govornor of tltc ennmro atato , who is , I believe , tho loading proprietor und oditwr of tho New Yorh . Daily Wines , thut I prtuumo to a « aw « r his remarks . Of course Miaa lJrewer will bo quoted ; mid of courao Alias Brotver lived in ' happy homca' while ahu wu » lierw . Whore in tlio world will a renowned traveller fail to bo lionised t What sort of I ' uinUies arc those who would exhibit
their domestic ibiblea before an amiable but colobrated lady who was Jknown to be intending to wrltoabooJk ? Kow I know peraonally , that tho worthy citixona of Now York and Brooklyn , and 1 doubt not that our other citiea bour ut least a general resemblance to tljoBO , although tlio latter are of oourao most open to ibroign Jn / luoncee , are reinnrltnbly pron « t « lionising . Anything in tho ahapu ot a stranger ia pounced upon with amusing voracity . Aa long « a tlw novelty and consequent ! ' exoitemont' lust , everything i 3 oharmiiii' to tho snrprirtod gucot , tJ l ) ut un obacure , private individual , who atuyH Una enough to lot all thia novelty wear off , aeoa tho other wi > l « of tho picture , eHpocially ainco hia very obscurity blind . - * Ujo v » gil « nco of thoa « among whom he mpvoa , I ^ oljIo hlnow tbomselvea ns they arc beforo Jonc ^ . who mmluW on their btiHtibehivvlpnrboibro Miaa Brewer , who ia , of eourac , ir"i » K to mako « 'bookiUld put thum in it—perhaps .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), July 8, 1854, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_08071854/page/8/
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