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Council LadPaimebinventionEven howevetfj...
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CONVERSATIONS A.T OSBORNE. ' Private' an...
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TORTURE OF THE TREADMILL. Tim first quar...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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A House Os Skeletons—And The Key. The Th...
of London is marked with a black stain , ~^ sLe ? after street is added to the condemned districts , and by degrees a whole city within a city is growing to colossal dimensions , -Disperse it ! Dispirse the waters of the deluge ! And this evil is to be got rid of by ignoring it—as if any disease can be cured by refusing to know the symp toms ! The people in the Bloomsbury Court are said to have been thrilled with horror while M ™ -Rooees explained her own relations to
the mistress of the house , in the presence oi her mistress ' s sister , her own daughter , the young and beautiful Thebesa ; but bow is it that No . 1 , Eceleston-plaee , supports such an establishment , with its butler , housekeeper , and secretary ? Are we to consign the unhappy butler to everlasting alienation from corks and refreshment for his share in the wickedness of the mansion ? Is the secretary to be utterly condemned , or even the wretched mother ; and is redemption to want upon those ' gentlemen' whom Lady Agnes 1 Eccleston
« sees , ' and without whom No . , - place , would be not different from No . 901— - if there is any difference now . For there is not always the difference that people assume in these cases ; and we are not at all sure that 'the gentlemen' are unrepresented or silent even in the ' representative councils ' of some parishes . No , this is a traffic which actually owes its origin , maintenance , and large development to that preUx chevalier the English gentleman and his follower the British gent . We meet both in society ; but how rude it is even to allude to Lady Agnes at the dinner-table—unless it is her own table .
Council Ladpaimebinventioneven Howevetfj...
Council LadPaimeb q 1 QRI 7 1 THE L 1 ADHR . T &® No . ftftK . APOTST-. & 1857 . ] ¦ . iafl ¦ - — 1 — —^~ - ^——^**^ M —**^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ . ¦ ¦ ¦¦* % "r ^ ' f" ^ --a-Z 1 -1 - *¦» JAw L ' TT " » " 171 T » i
Conversations A.T Osborne. ' Private' An...
CONVERSATIONS A . T OSBORNE . ' Private' and confidential—such are the special characteristics of the visit paid by Louis Napoleon to Osborne . ¥ e are assured that it will be only private ,-: — ' such as one family pays to another . ' Strange family visits those , in which the whole of the estate is dotted with police ; for the Isle of "Wight at present is placed in custody . Strange visits which forbid all boats , on any pretext whatsoever , to near the place where
the visitors are recreating themselves ; strange visit in which foreign police are brought over especially to assist in guarding all the land and sea approaches . It is quite impossible that any visitor whose safety it is thus necessary to protect , as if the very blades of grass were to rise up and stab him , could he come , eat , drink , and be merry , and have nothing to say for himself , but the ordinary common-places of a country visit — and , Heavens ! what common-places those are !
The Emperor will spend a very few daysindeed but a few hours—in this wonderful privacy of which the ease ia more than an sbstriplex . Besides the long-headed Emperor of the French , there will be the lovely Empress , •—so amply protected by the two hundred yards of silk and crinoline that history describes her to be cased in . But others also
will come . There will be tho much experienced Clabendon and his Countess 5 the Countess Wamswska , whose husband is aiming at Polish estates , and the Count hhnseli with las Bonapabtm blood , his [ Russian predilections , his antipathy to the Belgian press and Piedmontese constitutionalism , and his visions of the future . Also , especially invited , Count dh Picrsiciny , formerly M . Fialin , who has assisted in some of tho most diffioult schemes thnt ever were carried to
success ; likewise his Countess , who will adorn the Royal saloon ! Item ; Lord PaIi-MJEbston ; nnd though last not least , a lady whose soirfos have long been regarded as a kind of third Chamber of Parliament ;—an
irresponsible Privy - — y - firot f . A remarkable party ! la this a paarty to waste precious time m common-p laces ? Can we not to a dead certainty fasten upon some of the subjects that will occur after dinner , or over the coffee ? Will considerations of state or appetite for a moment prevent the ' p olitest of guests from hinting at the difficulty that overwhelms England in India ? And may he not offer , not an 'Oncle des Indes , ' but an' Oncle aux Indes —a Itench contingent ? Thus , France and Englaaad , by laying their heads together , may dispose of Russian interests in the East . At all events , even the independent JPresse . . . * *
volunteers assistance . ' France , m saving the British Empire in India , ' will acquire a right to certain territorial restitutions , for ' India is an inheritance of France as well as of England . ' We hope , after this , to hear of no joint-stock expeditions to Canton or Calcutta . Naples !—well the least Said about that the better . For even French politeness will hardly restrain a horselaugh at the smoke of our demonstration against King Bomba . Only perhaps our gay Premier maybe the first to lead the laugh . Say no more about it . We will sink Naples , cries France , if you will sink Piedmont . And easy is the art of sinking for England now-a-days . That settles
the fate of Italy . . . Then there are those troublesome Principalities—" How shall we settle it , your Majesty ? " " Toss up , " cries a silver voice . An " imperial hand takes a gold napoleon out of the right-hand breast-pocket : — - " Heads I win , tails you lose , " cries that silent man , with his sly sparkle of the eye ; and sure enough it is the eagle that turns up ! That disposes of Austrian interests . Besides , if France graciously allows us to make concessions on the Danube , has she not
allowed our uncle in Belgium to marry an Austrian princess—our own Princess Hdyal to marry a Prussian prince- ^—our own Princess Alice to dream of a Dutch , lover ? Surely all the great concessions are made by that generous and magnificent visitor , whose merely private conversations distribute fates to Russia , Prussia , Austria , Italy , Holland , and Turkey .
Is it possible that royal England can consent to accept favours without the smallest return ? Is there no acknowledgment—not the slightest compensation ? Is every fancy of England to be indulged , and can France think of nothing to satisfy English gratitude ? " Yes ! there is one little favour that might be granted . " " Hold ! " cries England , " I cannot give up the Orleans family . The sacred rights of hospitality—the memory of that paternal salute ;"
" Of course not . " What base , ungenerous mind would seek to stint the hospitalities of Windsor Castle ? No ! It is nothing royal , nothing great . Yet , perhaps , there is one little trifle , which would cost England nothing , and would be at least a moral satisfaction to France . What can England care about the" scourings of foreign countries ? France desires no more than an offering of base republican blood . She cousents to take tho lead out of our hands , and can we refuse her—the refugees P
Torture Of The Treadmill. Tim First Quar...
TORTURE OF THE TREADMILL . Tim first quarter of the present century had scai'cely closed when a now instrument of punishment was introduced to English prisons . The old stocks in Portugal-street , Sfc . Clement Danes , were removed in 1820 , and the torture of the treadmill was generally applied . From the first ib was a detectable
invention . Even women , howevetfj were pul upon the wheel , and justices of the peace adopted , the machine as a very excellent contrivance for the discipline of vagabonds and poachers . There was a considerable outcry caused by the case of an old lady , who , having been convicted of shoplifting , was half-killed by the terrible muscular labour of ascending that endless flight of stairs . A . powerful medical argument against the use of the treadmill has now been raised by Dr . Edwabi Smith , who has investigated its effeets upoi respiration and pulsation , and shows them t < be of the most destructive character . . ¦ t'miT £ W % r ^ SW % . ' §^ l * Trf-i * -fc * tta « uavi liy \ i ^ rXir / M < > * TTA * irv' VVViT
This constitutes a part of an extensive serie of inquiries which Dr . Smith has prosecutec upon himself , the general results of whicl have been recently read before the Boya Society . The inquiries were made by and upon tiw author in October , 1856 , at the Coldbathfields Prison . He worked the wheel during periods of a quarter of an hour's duration , with intervening periods of rest of a quartei of an hour , in the manner prescribed for the prisoners , and made seven series of
observations . . The average quantity of air breathed during the labour was 2500 cubic inches per minute at a rate of respiration of 25 ^ per minute , and a depth of inspiration varying from 91 ^ to 107 ^ cubic inches ; the rate of pulsatior varied from 150 to 172 each minute . During the intervals of rest he sat quietly , and aftei 13 minutes' rest the rate of respiration varied from 15 to 18 $ per minute ; the quantity oi air inspired from 725 to 980 cubic inches f
the depth from 48 to 53 , and the rate opulsation from 97 to 120 per minute I Before he entered upon the inquiry he breathed iu the standing posture about 600 cubic inches per minute , at a rate of 14 per minute , and a depth of 43 cubic inches , and the rate of pulsation was 75 per minute . Thus , during the exertion the quantity of air inspired was increased more than fourfold , the rate of respiration was increased two-thirds , the depth of inspiration 2 £ times , and the rate of pulsation 2 jt times .
The returns during the period of rest showed that the effects of the labour had not passed away in a quarter of an hour ; when compared with the results in the quiet sitting posture , Dr . Smith ascertained that the effects on respiration were 5 ^ times , and on pulsation 2 . \ times as great ; and taking together the 3 | hours of hard labour , with a similar period of rest , he proved that the effect upon the system of the 8 hours' labour was equal to that of 24 hours upon those not condemned to hard labour . He then contrasted these results with others which he had
obtained for the purposes of comparison . Thus , fast walking , at upwards of 4 miles per hour , caused a rate of respiration of 30 per minute , a depth of 80 cubic inches , and a total quantity of 2400 per minute j the rate of pulsation was 130 per minute . Ascending steps at the rate of speed of the tread-wheel —640 yards per hour—caused the rate of respiration to be 22 per minute , the depth 90 cubic incheB , and total quantity per minuto 1986 cubic inches , and a rate of pulsation of
114 per minute . Carrying 1181 bs . at the rate of 3 miles per hour induced a rate of 24 £ times per minute , a depth of 90 cubic inches , and a total quantity of 2141 cubic inches per minuto , with a rate of pulsation of 189 per minute . Thus the labour of the tread-wlieel produced greater effect upon tho resp iration than any of those modes of exertion , whilst the oflect upon pulsation was greater in tho last seve . ro labour only . The total quantify of air breathed per hour upon tho tre * " - * " ® ^ * the labour were continuous ) would be 150 , 000
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 8, 1857, page 15, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_08081857/page/15/
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