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n™EMBBR 8. 1855.1 THE LEADUE. 1175
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TO CORRESPONDENTS. t &. «r M. —Z*fl»oy#f...
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SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1855.
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There is nothdng so revolutionary, becau...
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SIX NEW "POINTS." German diplomacy is pr...
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THE "COURT CIRCULAR" ON RELIGION. In the...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
N™Embbr 8. 1855.1 The Leadue. 1175
n ™ EMBBR 8 . 1855 . 1 THE LEADUE . 1175
To Correspondents. T &. «R M. —Z*Fl»Oy#F...
TO CORRESPONDENTS . t & . « r M . —Z * fl » oy # fci ' s regiment w » K consist of Poles We think an English ofBoer would find it difficult to gain an entrance to tlie corps . Jhebg < t way would be to write to the Secretary of the Polish Historical Society . t S < Bury ) —Mr . Whitmarah , Serjeant ' s-irin , is the Registrar under the . Limited Liability Act . The expense of ^ registration is from £ 5 J to £ 100 ; of provisional regis" jThe ' sardiiiian States , " part IV ., is omitted through press of matter .
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Saturday, December 8, 1855.
SATURDAY , DECEMBER 8 , 1855 .
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There Is Nothdng So Revolutionary, Becau...
There is nothdng so revolutionary , because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep things fixed when all the world is by the very law of its creation in . eternal progress . —Dr . Arnold .
Six New "Points." German Diplomacy Is Pr...
SIX NEW "POINTS . " German diplomacy is pressing hard upon the "Western Powers , and the Western Powers are pressing , with all their force , upon theNorthern . The rumours of the past week mean , probably , that Austria is making use of the early days of winter to take the lead in negotiations for peace , and that Sweden is weighing the risks of a declaration in favour of the Allies . There
may be a convention , held back for the signature of Denmark ; if so , it is still a secret . People— -journalists especially—are speculating in guesses , an amusing and , to the armies , a profitable game ; but the public would be better informed if politicians , instead of listening at the key-holes of cabinets , or catching the ooze of state-craft , would study the bearing of known events , and calculable probabilities .
Among calculable probabilities are some ¦ which favour the idea of a speedy peace . These are :- —the disastrous condition of France , the disgust of large thinking classes in England , the efforts of the German Cabinets , the auguries of an extended coalition against Russia , and the partial exhaustion of that empire But , on the other hand , we have a tremendous force of opinion in England disposed to " one more campaign "—the dangers to Louis Napoleon of a ridiculous treaty , and the little chance that exists of extorting adequate concessions from Russia .
Were the Czar Alexander to propose , in good faith , to submit to the public law of Europe , to withdraw his claims on Turkey , and to offer solid guarantees , he would find no large party in Great Britain disinclined to a pacific settlement . Only a few unheeded bawlers and disappointed contractors would groan at . the prospect of ponce . But taking public opinion as it is , and estimating- at the lowest its definition- of the objects of the war , it appears very unlikely that ; il I his stage ol the conflict , Russia should so far humble herself as to concede thorn .
It is a now thing , in the discussions on the war , to find the public denning its views . One good , however , has resulted from the circulation of peace propositions . Sonic clear ideas have been elicited . Most formal and most substantial arc those of the Times , which lays down , as tho smallest concessions that- will be accepted , the following terms : — 1 . That tho Euxino ahull bo declared a commercial 8 ea , open to tho merchant whip * of all nations ; but to the men-of-war of none . 2 . That every fort and forti ( ioiition on itu whoroa Khali bo demolished mid dismantled . 3 . That tho Danubo shall bo a froo river , open to tho commerce of all nationo equally .
4 . That RuHhia » hall oedo ho much territory a « will bo required to keep both bunk , H of the Danube free from hoBtiio interference . E , That tho Dunubiuu Principalities » h < ill bo
erected into a State ,, tinder the guarantee of the great powers . 6 . That all military and naval establishments in the Aland Isles shall be prohibited , or that the group shall be ceded to Sweden and Norway . This programme , with some modifications , has been adopted by the half-official speculators in guesses . They lay it down as
imperative , that Sebastopol should disappear , and the Black Sea be closed against ships of Avar ; that the mouths of the Danube must be released from Eussian control ; that the Principalities must be guaranteed ; that the political claims of the Czars upon the Sultans must be renounced ; and that Russia must make new arrangements , equivalent to concessions , in the Baltic .
The second of these schemes—semi-officialis the parallel of the first , excepting one particular . It excludes the idea of raising the Principalities into a State , under European guarantees . Turkey , probably , would not consent to have a new political distribution of her territories dictated by her Allies ; though , of course , if the Allies insisted , Turkey must yield . But it would be a curious result of the alliance , if it should dismember the Ottoman Empire . That is the difficulty of the future . We may come to terms with Russia ; how shall we come to terms about the rich prize of Empire , which France and Austria at present hold in pledge ?
The extent of the propositions renders it improbable that they should be accepted by Russia . The Czar may be disheartened , the nation somewhat exhausted ; but a great stream of opulence runs from England , through the Prussian ports , into Russia , feeding the war . Alexander the Second might lose more by the moral humiliation of a treaty than bysuccessive defeats . He can still utilise , for military purposes , large classes of the population ; he is still unassailable on his European frontier , andhe has yet to learn how far Sweden
and Denmark are prepared to enforce the policy of the Allies . But this does not preclude the chance of a peace proposal , authenticated by him , and transmitted through Austria . It will be for the English Cabinet to prepare for spring enterprises , irrespective of the overtures that may be made . It would be the policy of Russia , obviously , to employ the winter—the season of suspended armsin feints of negotiation . She knows how these illusions affect a government and a people that can consider only one subject at once .
We have other grounds for this remark than a self-suggested tear . What numberof gunboats are in preparation ; what floating batteries ? What is going forward in the arsenals ? Where is the salvage of tho floating battery that was burned last year ? Have tho great ship-builders had their orders ? Government tells us , circuitously , that , unless the six new points are granted this winter , they will be taken by force next spring ; that the Preponderance ' question will be settled by the conquest of the Crimea , and military and naval movements not yet foreshadowed . Austria , however , loses no weight ; Prussia still kocps
open the rear of tho Imperial Redan ; Russia , must not only fc « l her weakness , but confess it , before ; the war reaches a natural conclusion , ' in France' \\ u > . Umpire of December begins to faint for money . Public gambling has boun carried too far ; tho war conts its million a week ; tho importation of corn—sold at loss than cost-price . —is sensibly draining tho Exchequer . Thou , Nai'olkon has undertaken to outvie Coicacau-a , and to give France stones in exchange for hor liberties . lie dare not dismiss that army of workmen which builds hit * new palaces and streets . Our Queen's reception in the French capital induced aviso a perilous expenditure for a time of war and
scarcity . His own Court is one of the most extravagant that ever fed on Prance . Consequently , our ally and leader has inducements to retrench his expenses . But the war was his salvation ; the return of peace would bd , perhaps , the return of political activity in France . Such , from an external point of view , is the present aspect of the question between Peace and War . The main element in the calculation—> the submission of Russia— 'is that which seems the least probable . But there are other forces at work , —which must be considered as events proceed .
The "Court Circular" On Religion. In The...
THE "COURT CIRCULAR" ON RELIGION . In the Court Circular this week we find strong corroboration of the principle on which we insisted in discussing the false policy of " Relig ious Protectionists . " The King of Sardinia is a guest of which our Court and Government are justly proud ; he has received marks of sympathy and esteem from all classes in the country , and especially from the religious bodies ; among others , from the Three Denominations , who presented an address , and this address is clearly printed in the Court Circular / They report to the royal visitor that the Presbyterians , Independents , and Baptists first organised their representative committee about a hundred years ago , to promote the removal of restraints on civil and religious
liberty ; and they have succeeded so well , they say , " that nearly all barriers on civil and relig ious grounds have been removed , and those which remain , we trust , will speedily disappear . " The ultimate result is , " that in proportion as inequalities on religious grounds have been removed amongst us by the Legislature , so has the nation become more firmly united in itself ; " " that freedom in the teaching and profession of religion is safer for the civil governor , more conducive to the peace and happiness of the people , and more favourable to the development of a nation—intellectually , socially , and religiously—than either persecution or patronage on account of
religion . We hope so too ; but we must ask what the respectable Dissenters of the Three Denominations mean by " religions liberty V" There is a mode of giving liberty to religion" " which does not succeed in giving liberty to person , or to thought . This limited liberty is admirably described by a writer in the Globe : — " The Irish and English Papal primate * toll us , it ifl never their Church , but always unbelioveiY ) in its
claims , that aro guilty of ' poi-rfouutiou and 'tyranny . To bo convinced of thin , it in only necessary to understand and accept tho doctrine of ' ruhgioim liberty ad uswinjldiilium . ' True religious liberty' ( aa we find wtated in an American Catholic lioviow , ropublished by Dolman in London ) consist )* in tlu fiho . it y of ref . ir / i . on , not in the liberty of iufidolK , Kv / ingelioals , and politician * , to Diirilitvo ii ! li « ion . ' And'tho liberty of religion , ' u * uppesars very oluarly in Dr . ( JuIIou ' m repetition of tlio 1 apid lamentations for th'i ' f . orious por-Bccutions' now suffered by ' our brethren in Hpain .
Sardinia , and p a < -ts of Gerruuny awl . Switzerland , consists vary especiall y in the uncontrolled right of ecclesiastical corporations to acquire « u » d hold proparty , exeni |» t i ' rom secular jurisdiction . A . national legislature determines ( us that of Spain ) that no eor-I > oration , lay or clerical , inhall uccuinulato wealth in mortmain ; and thin is a persecution , and infringement , of relig ions liberty ! Another Kiush legislature detorininort ( as that of Sardinia ) that no i > o . r * un * , lay or clerical , shall bo uxumpt from ordinary Ji «/ U jhwhnborH of
diotion-tf .. /« too fop iwu . ition . M « .. ourown l-arliamonM j » di i » uH ' y « . r iny rfi oion ^ y . . fc ih ; not now our purpoHo to m . p . ir .. ) projmw . that tl . « « yii «**«» - mtration Hl . all inspect « .... vo » tH , Wt any , » ^» *>» retained the .- ., iuvolunfcu-i . ' y . h" <¦ " « « J" . """ I ' ' } -h » M .. ( p ... m .. l of r , » % ioUH l , h ., rtj - - > IJjjtjr of ,,, io ,, -of ' ^ XZ ' X ' n ' ^ Z < * t Z * Z t ^^ tbA ^^ Uborty of rolili' - ' i « tlm llh « , rty to remain in hor cell ;
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 8, 1855, page 11, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_08121855/page/11/
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