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December 8, 1855.] THE LEAD EJR. 1171
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THE WAR AND THE SANITARY MOVEMENT. Mr. W...
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NAVAL AND MILITARY. The Screw Steamer " ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Our Civilisation. Cbkvbax, Cbiminai, Cou...
casks of the same in pledge , from Oakey and Fargher , ¦ who promised to redeem them at a stated time . This , how ever , ' they never did , and suspicions were then entertained as to the real nature of the goods , in consequence of which , the casks were minutely examined , and were found to contain matter of the most filthy description , which had been covered over on the top with spirits of wine , in order to make it appear that it was real and unmistakeable polish . After this discovery , Mr . Emanuel ' s foreman went , unknown , to Oakey and Fargher , and succeeded in making them tell him . the whole particulars of the affair . They then attempted to bribe him to become a . partner in their guilt ; but he declined , and the men were apprehended and taken before the magistrates . They were remanded for a -week .
Cutting and Wounding . —Several cases of murderous assaults with knives , & c . have , as usual , come before the Judges during the assizes . Alfred Clarkson , a hay dealer , has been sentenced to imprisonment with hard labour for two years , for attacking , ¦ without any apparent cause , a Welchman , named Edward lines . The prosecutor had taken Clarkson to his house early in the morning , and offered to let him lie down and sleep on his sofa ; but the man , who was intoxicated , suddenly commenced quarrelling with ,
and insulting his host , who was likewise the worse for liquor . Suddenly , however , he advanced with a smile on his face , and asked Imes to shake hands . This was complied with ; and while the right hand of the prosecutor was in the left hand of the prisoner , the latter stabbed Imes , and continued the attack with two knives at the same time . Clarksou was at length overpowered . —A wife has been sentenced to three years' imprisonment with hard labour for seriously cutting her husband with a razor , while lie was asleep in bed .
Embezzlement . —Robert Martinson , junior , at the Newcastle Assizes , pleaded guilty to a charge of embezzling . £ 4 , 264 , the property of the Northumberland and Durham District Banking Company , of whom he was a clerk , and was sentenced to transportation for fourteen years ; and Richard Haslam , who had for a long time acted as coal salesman to Lord Vernon at Macclesfield , has received the same degree of punishment for appropriating money to the amount of . £ 918 , belonging to that nobleman .
December 8, 1855.] The Lead Ejr. 1171
December 8 , 1855 . ] THE LEAD EJR . 1171
The War And The Sanitary Movement. Mr. W...
THE WAR AND THE SANITARY MOVEMENT . Mr . Ward has addressed another elaborate letter to the Daily News , on the sanitary movement . lie begins by showing the bearing of Sanitary reform on the war . He then enters into practical details : — The bearing of Sanitary reform at home upon the war abroad , is oftener theoretically admitted than practically felt and acted on ; and many who accept , as self-evident , the general proposition , deny the feasibility of the means suggested for its realisation . Tubular Sewage Irrigation as a more recent innovation than Tubular Sewage Collection , calls forth in an especial degree disparagement and denial .
Duplicate drainage for , the exclusion of flood water from the soil water sewers , and for the separate conveyance of rainfall to the river 3 nnmbers a still smaller body of supporters ; as also does the corollary proposition — the exclusion of soil water from the brooks by intercepting drains similar to those proposed for the purification of the Thames . It is nevertheless irrefragabl y true that the abatement of fever , the increase of food , and the consequent enhancement of our national resources , military as well as civil , depend , to an incalculable extent , on the recognition of the above-stated propositions ; which may be condensed into the three following rules : — Sewage , heretofore discharged as refuse , must henceforth he administered as property .
The whole of the rainfall is due to the river , the whole of the sewage to the soil . Purify your brooks , ami your rivers will run pure of themselves . These principles meet with an opposition which J am persuaded is usually honest — the result of fair doubt and legitimate enution ; but they nro sometimes ussuilod by misrepresentations of fact , which it takes all one's charity to believe
inadvertent . The successful experience of sewage irrigation at Rugby , for example , Iuih been recently mentioned to the Metropolitan Commissioners of Seworw in terms calculated to produce the impression that the operation gives rise to pollution of the adjacent river Avon ; and that it lins exposed the Rugby loeul board to an action ot law for damage so occasioned . Tho language used for this purpose is subjoined .
Before quoting this letter , I will merely premise that Mr . Walker pays £ 50 a year for the Rugby sewage ; that he distributes it on 500 acres of land , varying in quality from gravel to clay ; that his works consist of a tank , a steam engine , pumps , iron subterranean irrigating pipes , with hose , and jet , & c . ; and that the total cost of this apparatus averages £ 4 per acre complete . I now give Mr . Walker's valuable letter verbatim : Nov . 16 , 1855 . Dear Sir , —In reply to your inquiries as to the results of my experience in irrigating my lands with the sewage of Rugby , I may state broadly that my experience entirely bears out your principle : — " The whole of the rainfall due to the river , the whole of the sewage due to the soil . "
I quote it verbatim from the recent controversial statement of Mr . Bazargette against myself . Much has been said about the application of the liquid sewage of this town [ Rugby ] on the adjoining lauds , but the above paper [ the Northampton Herald of Sept . 1855 ] states that the board at that meeting received one month ' s notice of action from C . M . Caldecott , Esq ., for the pollution of the river Avon ; the damages being laid at £ 500 . I have received from Mr . Walker , the lessee of the Rugby sewage , a letter so conclusively refuting Mr . Bazalgette ' s suggestion , and containing the valuable results of experience so clearly and concisely put , that I feel bound , at the present juncture , to give it all the publicity in my power .
The stronger I get the town sewage the better it serves my purpose - — every shower that dilutes it causes me so much , needless cost in pumping . The heavier rains master the pumping power and storage capacity that can economically be brought to bear , and wash away qxiantities of valuable manure into the river . It is only in rainy weather and during occasional stoppage of my machinery ( for repair or cleaning out ) that the river is 2 > olluted . Every gallon of sewage , properly so called , that Rugby supplies , my pumps can dispose of and distribute to my fields , and that in all weathers all the year round , -even when the snow is on the ground , and during frosts ; excepting when they are so severe as to freeze up the machinery and apparatus , which only happened to me during the extraordinary frost of last winter .
I have had occasion to complain to the Kuyby local board of health on this influx of flood water , and have desired - thorn to tnkc measures for conveying ib nway by separate conduits . This I believe wonhl entirely prevent the pollution of the river . I can also assure yon that the tubular Bowers of Rugby send down the sewage so immediately after its production , probably within an hour or ho , that there is no time for decomposition , or for the generation of foul odours , so that I have not found it ncicensary to cover my tank , which creates no annoyances even in offensive
its immediate vicinity ; nor m there any smell from the land even immediately after irrigation . As to the land irrigated , a good deal iw of a very clayey nature , and much is imperfectly drained at present . Yet under nil circumstances I find the . sys tem very successful in its rt'Hiilts , and by no means difficult to work now that 1 havo gainurl nome exporienco in dealing with its difluuiltiea ; and I have no doubfc but that the flcwn # e of most tovnu , large and small , may bo thus applied with advantage , and , as you » ny , may become a noiireo of food instead of fover and mortality . Yours truly ,
F . U . Ward , Esq . ( I . IT . Walk Kit . The simple comparison of the statements in thin letter with Mr . Iiazalgettc '« peculiar representation of the case will convey to the reader ' s mind an impression which no comment is necessary to enhance . It will be seen at once that tho pollution of the river , so far from depending , us Mr . Ita / algette implies , on sewage irrigation of the luud , occurs only when sewage irrigation is interrupted ; either " in rainy weather , " or " during occasional stoppage of thu machinery for repair or cleaning out . " ' . .
The applicability of the system to clny lands , as well as to light and porous soils , is a point of the utmost importance to the , inhabitant * of London ; secin " that a large proportion of the . lands around the metropolis arc of a clayey description . The facility with which tlu ; operation is carried on all the year round , in all weathers , even when the . snow is on the ground , and during fronts BftVi » only when they are of exceptional rseverilv j 3 another result of Mr . Walker ' s uxpcriirncci , (¦ hi ; vnluo of which can Hcavcclv he . over <•* - limnted . It puts nn end to the difficulty so often alleged—that whwrens the . production of Ncmurc ! is continuous , its Application to the soil must " bo intermittent . IVTr . Walker limb , on the contrary , that " every gj . llon of sewage ,
properly so called , that Rugby supplies , " his " pumps dispose of and distribute" to his " fields . " The rapid delivery of the sewage by the tubular sewers , so that time is not allowed for putrefaction , and neither the tanks nor the irrigated lands emit any offensive odour , is another important fact . The superiority of strong to diluted sewage , and the advantage of excluding rain-water , as involving " needless cost in pumping , " and as " washing away quantities of valuable manure to the river , " are points of the more importance that free dilution of sewage has not been thought necessary , even by some of the most eminent advocates of tubular irrigation .
Mr . Ward promises , in conclusion , to explain the question of the cost of his duplicate drainage system , and reiterates his opinion that the c lossal tunnels proposed by Messrs . Stephenson and Bazalgette will fail .
Naval And Military. The Screw Steamer " ...
NAVAL AND MILITARY . The Screw Steamer " Black Sea . "—A commu nicatiou from Captaiu Young , of this ship , relative to its springing a leak at the commencement of November , in the vicinity of Malta , has been published . Captain Young speaks iu terms of the warmest gratitude of the assistance rendered by tho French lineof-battle ship Jena , which took the " Black Sea" in tow until taken in charge by the Lady Kglinton , and furnished several men to assist in working the pumps . But for this succour , the " Black Sea , " according to Oaotain Young , must have been lost . AnsiiXAr lo
Explosiox at Wooi . wicii ,. —An expsion occurred at the Wodwbli Arsenal on Monday , in the mealing shed , which was blown into the air , and nine men were seriously injured , three of whom are considered to be in a dying state . There were fortunately but very few rockets iu ' the shed . - * at tho tune , or the destruction must have been immense . One of the ? rockets struck nn adjacent rnagnzin ; , but did not penetrate the building ; a second foil throiigh tho roof of the pattern room of the royal carriage department , and a third fell at the feet of Captain Vaudeleur , who was encased in some experiment m the marshes , a full half-mile distant . Tuo onl y c . iuse by which the accident can be accounted for is that , in mealing the powder , some slight friction , . suflioient to create a spark of ( he , must have been occasioned by ( he double-handed woxlon instrument mod for that purporv \ The C . ' uMiw .-iR in * Ik' »< ' Rmi'S .--Tt n H : ud that tho difficulty hitherto experienced witli iho omp . ihn in iron shi p * lias Iiecn rtsmovorl ty n . dineovery ot Mr . J M . Hyde , of the Cumberland Ironwork * , Urmtol , who contrives that thu compass shall be . placed in a neutral position , where the magnetism of the iron in the after part of tho ship in balanced . Unckomoti-. d Vkteuans . — The Crimean correspondent of the Dull if Neirt cix \ U attention to tho cl . iinia for promotion of Captains Fyers and J . hiom , who havo served with distinguished K alliiiitry fir many yours , but who havo not received tho due guerdon o their toil and bravery—tho first merely fitting a brevet majority , and tho second no promotion whatever . SoiniKKS * WlVKrt AND ( Jllll-UltKN IN' Sc » TI . AND . — Tim condition of tins wjvoh and children ot Scottish soidier . s .. crying abroad i * » subj-et c . iIIihk f » r very wriou . s attention . In Scotland , it is thu law that n » ablo-bodiod woman is capable of supporting h ^ rscilt and one child ; ho that , whether or not u soldiers wife him tho power to p . ocuro employ . n . 'iifc , h » i « ih lott without iiHaif . li . nco . Tn < ,.. «<* whore tin ; poorho . mo is offered , the offor in mad . ) as unpahitublo us possible , by tho fact that tho women havo ofton to hord with nrontitutoH , and by u very hard law , which obliges tho wife of a soldier who bas been born in a certain town to HcM .-k r « li « -f in that specific town , though she may ho living a long way olK As an instaneo ol Uhh , it is mentioned that tho husband ( a private in tiio 791 h ) of a ro .-q ) . - ! in-Hpcctor writing to tho hmpoetor of the , p . ihm i of St . NiuhohiH , AnowU-on , " You will nend her ami hex ehildro . n hero , that they nmy bo <"'«> n into tho p .. orho . iHO . " Tn another instanco , lh « | . wim ] . « . I Dunt-nnline refused t- K ivo outdoor r « . ll « r to .. 1 ... wil « « J private in th « -12 nd , with two in .... In , tl ... y .. , * t « few weeks old , who rosidoM w . tb .... .. jj .. . < ¦ ' ^¦» J Aberdeen , on thu ground that ,. am « . l . ' H JJ ,, ot provided for thin oI . vhh of ,, « .-...,..,, i «¦ ¦« ; " » nFlHL For wlmt « I , hh of ^^ a , « < < y , ' ^ 1 ul , out to 1 ,., ] ... «! " M . \ ' , | ^ . l ..,...,, ! wi ll Tho Inr ;^ . ! , v , rt -... - | ¦« ' ^ M ) , .,, ' , ! , „ I'ilo , S ^^^ n ^ ' ^ b ^ u ^^ . Jwin b , called . 'Tho ^ Ho 'S-N ' huHni-ived th , ., d ,, n ,., y of tho 8 th ' / . ' . Tor « flVri .. l « .. } . rin . f- » liHO « v « i- that m th « curly
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 8, 1855, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_08121855/page/7/
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