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Acg. 10, 1850.] ©&« $Le&tieV. 465
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At the Galway Assizes, an action was tri...
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POINTS ESTABLISHED.. A letter of some im...
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THE RATIONAL SYSTEM EXPLAINED. The ratio...
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THE BASIS OF THE ICARIAN COMMUNITY. I am...
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THE REDEMPTION SOCIETY'S INTERNAL ARRANG...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Select Committee Appointed To Enquir...
on Monday to send for the military from Chester , and a detachment of the Thirty-eighth Foot , under Captain Smith , have taken up their quarters at Holywell . True bills have been found against six of the rioters . It appears that Captain Francis enforces the eight hours system , and the Talargoch men have expressed a determination to allow only six hours labour a day . An alarming fire broke out at Parkhurst prison on Tuesday night , about eleven o ' clock , by which ? the whole building was consumed . Nothing is yet known of how
the fire originated , but , from the fact that several of the prisoners were found ready dressed , and that there was no appearance of their having gone to bed , it is strongly suspected that the building was fired by their own hands some hours previously , and continued smouldering until it broke out into flames . Two of the prisoners are in close confinement , having not only implicated themselves but others in this incendiary business . The loss is estimated at £ 3000 .
For the last few days great excitement has prevailed in the neighbourhood of Ben Jonson ' s-bridge owing to a contest which has taken place between the persons in the respective employ of the City and the Commercial Gas Companies , with the view of obtaining possession of particular spots in which to lay down their pipes . So threatening was the aspect of affairs at a late hour on Thursday that upwards of 100 constables were despatched to the scene of action for the preservation of the peace .
The steamer Prince Arthur , from Preston to Menai Straits , was run ashore between Southport and Formby on Sunday , having damaged her machinery . The illfated ship had left Preston at nine o ' clock on Sunday morning , with forty-seven passengers , bound for Bangor , on a pleasure trip . About twelve , when off Southport , she sprung a leak , and shortly after , the fire having been extinguished , she became unmanageable . All hands assisted to keep the vessel clear of Avater , but between
four and five , she went ashore between Anisdale and Formby , and soon after went to pieces . The ladies on board were sent ashore in a boat , and afterwards the male passengers and crew . Omnibuses were sent , and brought the passengers to Southport , where their wants were promptly attended to . So rapid was the destruction of the vessel , that the shore , immediately after the disaster , was strewed with fragments of the wreck . Two of the firemen were drowned .
At the Monmouth Assizes on Tuesday , Maurice Murphy and Patrick Sullivan , two Irish labourers , were found guilty of the wilful murder of a poor old woman named Jane Lewis , an out-door pauper , on the 3 rd of April , as she was returning from Newport . Sentence of death was pronounced against them both . The murder was committed by mistake . It was supposed that they had seen a Mrs . Edwards going into Newport with a cow for sale , and selling it ; that they then came out on the Newport road to watch for her , and mistook for her Jane Lewis , who bore some resemblance to her . They were
both natives of the county of Cork , and it is said that they had landed in Wales only a day or two before they committed this murder ; that they formed some hideous plan of living by murder on their way up to London ; and that Murphy confessed to Superintendent English that , in consequence of the great resistance offered by Mr . Meredith and some injuries inflicted by him , they bought a razor at Gloucester , being determined to prevent any such resistance in future by at once cutting the throats of those who : n they should attack as soon as they could knock them down .
William James , the youncr man who was brought to Marluorough-street Police-office , last week , and charged with having a letter in his possession threatening the life of Lord John Buseell , was fully committed for trial on Thursday .
Acg. 10, 1850.] ©&« $Le&Tiev. 465
Acg . 10 , 1850 . ] ©&« $ Le & tieV . 465
At The Galway Assizes, An Action Was Tri...
At the Galway Assizes , an action was tried last week , to recover from the Mother Abbess of the Convent of Mercy in that town the sum of £ 500 , which had been paid for the admission to the convent , as one of the sisterhood , of a young lady named M'Donnell . It appeared that the money was paid to the defendant ' s use on the condition that , should the young lady change her mind or die before she had gone through hrr novitiate and become professedthe money was to be returned , and a written
un-, dertaking to that effect tf iven . The young lndy was * eiz < d with fever , and after she was despaired of by her medical attendants , the nuns , as it appeared , had her professed , and on this ground , although the young lady died , the convent claimed to retuiu the money , the condii ions bein « completed , as alleged , by the young lady ' s profession , althou / h nearly in extremis at the iirn < j . The jury immediately retured a verdict for the plaintiff for the lull amount claimed , and costs .
The Manner of Ulster states that marriages arc once more increasing in Armagh and other districts since the improvement in the harvest prospects . The Repeal Association was resuscitated on Monday , and held a meeting at Conciliation Hall . The attendance was as meagre as usual , and the " rent , " which comprehended a month's receipts , about the dame as the ordinary weekly receipts , namely , £ 28 10 s . 7 d . A person named Pike , an under agent of Mr . Cassidy , of jVJoiwiHtcrevan , was brutally murdered on . Saturday Dt-fir J 3 irr , in the King ' s County . Ho was to have served several ejectments next week . He exchanged shots with one of the assassins ; but the other nhot him through the bank , and struck him a violent blow on the forehead . He hus left a wife and family of four children . The body was found on the hi « h road at ten o ' clock on . Saturday inorriirnr . The ill-fated man hud respectable
u-winections in Dublin . Two actions wore brought at the assizes in Ireland against the Britannia Insurance Company , on fnot ^ policies of insurance , ono for £ 100 , and auoilicr for £ ^> 0 , iind in hith ins ^ s verdicts eg'tinst the company wero returned .
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Points Established.. A Letter Of Some Im...
POINTS ESTABLISHED .. A letter of some importance appeared in the Open Council of this journal last week signed D ., entitled , " Constraints of Communism , " in which it is inferred that the writer of the letter with the signature below was in error as respects the sense in which communism is spoken of in the ** Principles of Political Economy . " Many others have read this work , carrying away the impression which , was expressed in this place , and the opponents of Association have fortified their arguments frequently with the affirmation noticed . It is very pleasant to find the
impression in question corrected . As respects the " Principles of Political Economy , " D . puts the matter past all doubt . No such notion , says he , is to be found there that the spur of want is necessary to prevent life from being inane and monotonous also that elevating all to competence in community ( supposing it possible ) would not make life a dull routine . Thus on two points , on which several public teachers at this hour stumble , the authority of an important book is in favour ( where even by friends of association ) it was supposed to be against that doctrine .
If association shoicld multiply human means it would tend to increase variety of character , for D . asserts , what has been before truly alleged , though on . less authority , " that the drudgery to which hunger , and the fear of hunger , condemn the great mass of mankind , is the chief cause which makes their lives inane and monotonous" —a fact much overlooked and often altogether denied . D . is of opinion that freedom from want may be ensured to all who are born , without obliging them to merge their separate as well as their working existence in a community ; an assertion which , in the present writer ' s opinion , lends probability to associative theories , for if this can be done in the isolation of competition , much more may it be done by wise and comprehensive cooperation .
The fear of D ., however , is that in community the yoke of conformity would be made heavier . There can be no objection to the reiteration of such fear , seeing that conformity in the shape of a ' * yoke " is in every way to be guarded against . It is , however , worth noting by the reader that they who have been foremost to advocate association have been men seeking to escape from a yoke of conformity . Their lives have been a protest against the exactions of conventionalism , and they have sought in association to create a healthier public opinion in . which individuality would have freer play .
The great maxim with which D . concludes his letter , viz ., that ' * No order of ( society can be , in his estimation , desirable unless grounded on the maxim , that no man or woman is accountable to others for any conduct by which others are not injured or damaged , " is one of the utmost value , and the friends of associative views are indebted to the writer who enforces it upon their attention . It is a fundamental social truth , yet seldom perceived ; most desirable , yet most difficult to realise , and yet one which association is alone likely to reduce to practice . Ion .
The Rational System Explained. The Ratio...
THE RATIONAL SYSTEM EXPLAINED . The rational system or universal happy state of human existence , is derived from a calm consideration of all the facts which have been elicited through the past history of man , and is bused on the knowledge thut his character is formed for and not by him . All those facts prove that the natural qualities of humanity are given to each individual before birth by the creating power of the universe ; and that from birth , through life , those qualities are , or might be , in all case * under the guidance of society , for good or evil—fur misery or happiness .
That to make man consistent , intelligent , rational , and h . 'ippy , society , which hitherto has been arranged through error to" make him inconsistent , ignorant of himself , irrutionnl , and discontented or miserable , must be , from its foundation and through all its ramifications , reconstructed upon this newly-abcertained principle . Experience has proved that the natural faculties or qualities of man arc well or ill directed by the inferior , mixed , or superior animate and inanimate circumstances by which lie is surrounded from birth , through life , by aocietv .
That hitherto , as these circumstances created by society hnvo emanated from the fundamental error on which it lias been hascd and constructed , they have been made to be inferior , mixed , and injurious ; and in consequence all man have been educated or trahvd by society to feel , think , will , and act most irrationally ; therefore , to make man a consistent , rational , and superior being , society must ho reconstructed from its foundation and through all its ramification 8 .
Iti this reconstruction of society , especial care must be taken to exclude all vicious , injurious , or inferior circumstances , and to combine those only which aro superior , for us these are so must man become .
These two systems for forming and governing the human race are directly opposed to each other ; it is not in the nature of man or of society that they can ever be united ; but as the one system is the cause of evil and the other of good to man , and as ignorance precedes knowledge , it is concluded that this change from all that is most irrational to that which is rational may now be made in peace with systematic order , and most beneficially for rich and poor , and for all nations and people over the globe . That the existing governments , aided and encouraged by their respective populations , as soon as they shall be enlightened upon these subjects , are the most fitting agents to effect the change gradually from the one state to the other .
Not , however , b y any futile attempt to mix the principles or practices of the false system , with the true , but by commencing , on new sites , new external arrangements , devised in accordance -with the knowledge that the creating power of the universe or God , and society , form man to be what he is ; that the training from birth of those placed within these new arrangements shall be in accordance with that knowledge , as well as their subsequent education , and all their practices . Robert Owen .
The Basis Of The Icarian Community. I Am...
THE BASIS OF THE ICARIAN COMMUNITY . I am glad that you have called my attention to the assertion that the Icarian experiment was ' strictly secular , " it has induced me to examine further , and the result is that , although I find the latitude tolerably wide , yet it certainly cannot be said to be " a strictly secular association . " The following is the law upon this subject , which I have translated almost literally from the Realization d'Icarie , " published in Paris last month : — " 41 st . To adopt for religion the true Christianity , and for worship the practice of fraternity : —
' * When Icarie shall be in its perfection , when Icarian education shall have formed generations more enlightened and more free from all species of preventions or of prejudices , liberty the most complete shall protect all religious opinions and all worships , if it be possible that the highest development of intelligence and of human reason in every Icarian does not establish the same opinion upon religion and worship as upon all other questions . But now , and during the epoch Of the foundation , it is necessary that all those who present themselves to enter into Icarie have the same religion and the same worship , to avoid all discussion and quarrel
upon this subject . And this Icarian religion is Christianity in its primitive purity , such as it is shown in the work entitled True Christianity , based upon the idea of a first cause called Nature , or God considered as father of all men , without other temple than the universe , without other worship than the practice of fraternity with all its consequences . All those who wish to profess and proclaim Materialism , or Atheism , or Catholicism , and who wish for the Catholic worship , with its churches , its priests , its confession , and its ceremonies , are perfectly free ; but they come not among us , because we have need of harmony and of unity . "
My individual opinion is that all M . Cabot requires is to guard against the dissension and bad feeling which religious controversy genjjkaIjLY produces . T . C .
The Redemption Society's Internal Arrang...
THE REDEMPTION SOCIETY'S INTERNAL ARRANGEMENTS . "Wo have been asked to explain more of our details . Wo will give them as briefly as may be . Our community will have a common kitchen , in which all the food of the society will be prepared . Each family will have a suite of rooms to themselves , which will be elegantly furnished , and , perhaps , warmed from a common centre . There will be a table d'hote , at which members may or may not dine . There will be a library and assembly rooms . Dress among the members will be optional . We hold that labour is quite compatible with elegant accomplishments , general intelligence , and good manners . There will be dormitories for the children , properly ventilated . Trainers , or monitors , will have the management of the children , and the greatest care will be taken in this department of the formation of human character . Attention to physical constitution will precede all attempts at mental development . The education will bo purely secular . Above all , perfect mental freedom will be carefully inculcated . MONEYS llECEIVED POIl THE WEEK . Leeds £ 3 4 1 J Rochdale and Urcarley k 0 12 11 Bradford , Mr . Boys 0 10 3 1 » fij Communnl Building Fund , Ilormby , Leeds 0 8 0 London , Mr . Coi field and a few friends .. 400 Total 4 8 0 Already received * G 8 14 3 I o Z o The amount from Coventry inworted should have boon £ 1 is ., instead of Cl 1 * . fid , Thin includes Mr . diaries Paul ' s ( of Golden-square , London ) donation of £ ' £ ' £ ) ia .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 10, 1850, page 9, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_10081850/page/9/
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