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144 . The Leader and Saturday Analyst, [...
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LETTER FROM GERMANY. AUSTRIA AND TEE SOU...
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11EC0BD OF THE WEEK. HOME AND COLONIAL. ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Letter From Italy. (Special.) Trials For...
police have also a discretionary power to arrest offenders , even without warrants . Though in the particular instance the Result is not npuch to be regretted , yet it is obvious that the admission of such a principle , and such an interpretation of the law , gives the police unlimited power of arrest , subject to the approval of their employers . Whether right or wrong the appeal therefore is dismissed , and the final sentence of death pronounced . It seems that this verdict was submitted on the 24 th of May , by the President of the Supreme Court , to the consideration of His
Holiness the Pope , who offered no objection to its execution . The prisoner ' s last chance was gone * but with a cruel mercy he was left to linger on for eight months more in uncertainty . It was only on tie 3 rd . of January that orders were sent from Rome to Perugia for the execution to take place on the 13 th . The verdict of the Court is conveyed to the unhappy wretch . On the 14 th , the last paragraph informs us , " the condemned Lttigi BoNCi was beheaded by the public executioner , in the marketplace of Perugia , and his head was then exposed for an hour to the gaze of the assembled multitude . "
On the 16 th the report' from which these facts are taken was placarded on the walls of Borne . Whether the sentence was just or not it is impossible for me to telL All I wish to point out is the absolute want of publicity to test the character of the evidence , the doubtful nature of the various trials , the manner in which strict law is disregarded from a clerical view of justice ; and , more than all , the utter uncertairity > the unlimited protraction , and the hopeless secrecy of the whole course of law . The murder is committed in November , 1856 j the murderer is arrested on the night of the crime , and for that crime he is not tried at all till May , 1858 , arid not executed till January , 1859 . For three years and a quarter after the commission of the murder no report of any trial is published . The facts need no comment . .
144 . The Leader And Saturday Analyst, [...
144 . The Leader and Saturday Analyst , [ Feb . * 11 , I 860 .
Letter From Germany. Austria And Tee Sou...
LETTER FROM GERMANY . AUSTRIA AND TEE SOUTH GERMAN STATES . ' Hanotee , February 6 th , 1860 . LI KE all the rest of Europe Germany is politically occupied with the two great questions of the day , the annexation of Savoy to France , and that of Central Italy to Piedmont . There exists a general presentiment that Austria is preparing for a well-measured spring , in which she will be aided at every risk by Hanover , Saxony , Bavaria , Hessia , and some , of the lesser states .. The reduction of Austria ' s power and influence' but paves the way to their own ajinihiliition . Overtopped . and cowed by Prussia in Germany , their sovereignty would be . nothing more than a name .: The annexation of Savoy would destroy for ever the hopes of i-estbring German
influence in Italy , and the peace of Villafranqa would prove to be nothing but a snare and a deception . That Austria , knowing she has the sympathy of the . great mass of Grermans , will not stand with folded arms and wait till all her possessions in Italy be wrested from her by popular agitations and diplomatic trickery , may be regarded as very certain . Some journals hi the interest of Prussia recommend the . ' Cabinet of Vienna to sell Yenice at once , rather than risk the expense and pi * obably further losses of another war . To this , the Austrians reply that " such advice might be expected from nations whose immediate ancestors were beggarly emigrants , convicts , and cowards ; but it is not the advice that the descendants of warriors will follow . Austria happily possesses a landed gentry , a
proud nobility , who born to wealth hare not been taught to grovel and cringe to acquire it , and therefore are not disposed to set so much value upon it as those who have had to acquire it by foiling and overreaching . The ambition of the Austrian is to be mighty and honoured , not merely gaped ai by the world as a wonderfully successful speculator . Austria is unfortunate ; she is ill-governed , her energies crippled , herliberties lost ; but as long as she possesses her nobility she possesses honour ^ courage , and patriotism , and sooner or later these will restore her to life , liberty , and greatness , Austria depends not upon the genius or astuteness of one man , and therefore she will confidently bide her time . " The officially inspired Austrian correspondent of Boerserihalle says i— " It lies in the will of
Pbancis Joseph to change by a single word or "a dash of , his pen , the present menacing situation of the empire , and to call forth in defence of liis Italian possessions the whole youth of the warlike nation of Hungary . "Vy 9 dare affirm that at this very moment the force and authority of Austria might take ; suck proportions as would preclude the necessity of her seeking alliances , but rather render her friendship of vjtal importance to certain other nations . " — "What t ^ hia Imperial word would convoy , since the Hungarian Protestant deputation has been refused an audience and the obnoxious Edict Of , 1 st September has been confirmed by a new dleoroe , it is difficult to guess . The Austrian Cabinet can hardly have forgotten the threatening attitude of the Hungarian popple daring the Italian war , and ail the world is now aware that the dangers impending from that quarter of tho empire mainly contributed to the hasty , conclusion of peace . This the Cabinet admitted by making * brilliant promises and oven attempting 1 some reforms . The promises have still to be fulfilled ; the reforms are the Edict of September for tho Hungarians * and , for Austria proper ; , the abolition , or * rather the . reconstruction , of the guilds upon a wider basis and more immediately under tho control of the Government . The one measure has only exasperated the Protestants without gratifying 1 the Catholics $ . and the other , as it at present stands , mil but aliffhtly tend to increase tho population and industrial wealth of the nation . It is a stop , indeed , in the right direction , but a very timid one . Tho trnnsactiona of tho Prussian Ohnmbors are confined to
questions of local interest . The systematic opposition of the Feudalists to all ministerial measures completely nullifies the liberal tendencies of the Regent and his ministers . This was foreseen . The question is now being discussed whether the Sovereign does not possess the , right of dissolving , the Upper Chamber , and it is proposed to agitate for a new law with regard to the composition of this institution .- —The Upper Chamber , as at present composed , represents exclusively the prejudices of the feudal nobility , which are palpably obstructive to aHmeasures of progress . A statistical analysis of the members , of this Chamber shows that sixty-five members belonging to different classes of the nobility
occupy what are termed hereditary seats ; the provincial Grqfen-Stdemme ( Count-clans ) have six ; the family clans eleven : the ancient and entailed estates are represented by eighty-three members ; the cathedral foundations have three ; the hereditary great offices four ; the towns twenty-seven , and the universities six seats . The Crown has summoned fourteen members and thirteen crown syndici . Three members bear the title of duke ; twenty-six that of Furst , or prince ; seventy-six are counts ; one Eeichsgraf ; four Burg-grafen ; one Ober-Burg-grafen ; twenty-six Freiherren , or baronets ; fiftysix nobles without titles ; and , lastly , forty-four commoners or burgesses . .
The question- of the Hessian Constitution is still unsettled . The "Vienna Cabinet has recommended the- Elector moderation , to which , however , he refuses to listen . Prussian interference be rejects with scorn ; and so intense is his hatred of this latter power , that he has lately forbidden all religious and other foundations over whick he has control to invest their capital in Prussian funds , recommending , on the other hand ; those ' of Austria and Bavaria . The Elector feels strong in . the support of Hanover , Saxony , and Bavaria , who appear to detest Prussia as heartily as he does . He is resolute in his opposition to the liberal portions of the Constitutions of 1831 , and that of 1852 , even such as are not objected to by the Diet , and no
resource is left but an appeal to the Federal Diet for protection . This the Chambers are determined to do , and fully rely upon the countenance and support of Prussia . As an instance of the highhanded measures of the Elector , and the difficulties of the Government , Lieutenant-General Hatnatt , for refusing to accept the task of forming a new ministry , was ordered to quit his official residence in Ciissel within forty-eight hours . In a town like Cassel it is not easy to procure a house-of any dimensions at so short a notice , and the unlucky General was in danger of having to take up his . lodging on the cold ground , with bag and baggage . Nevertheless , the General , would doubtless have preferred it rather than be prime minister in Hessia under present circumstances . .
The death of Eejnst Mojbitz Ajjndt , which occurred oii the 29 th ult ., has cast a gloom over the whole land . The Schiller celebration was political and theatrical , but the lamentation at the departure of this worthy patriot is as impressive as it is simple and natural . Every one who knows German knows Akudt ' s songs . None are so universally popular , and none have contributed so much to excite that patriotism / which has become with Germans a sort of religious faith- ^ -an adoration . The distinguishing traits of this brave man and enthusiastic patriot were hatred of the French and
all Latin nations , and an overweening pride of race . It was his aim to instil self-respect into the breasts of the Germans , and well he performed his part . Akndt completed his ninetieth birthday on the 26 th December , on which occasion he was inundated with congratulatory addresses from all quarters of Germany . The excitement and exertion of answering all these proved too much for the old man ' s worn out frame . A national subscription has been opened for the purpose of erecting a statue to his memory at Bonn .
11ec0bd Of The Week. Home And Colonial. ...
11 EC 0 BD OF THE WEEK . HOME AND COLONIAL . ON Monday , Feb . Qth , was announced the appointment of Mi ' Hutt , M . P ., as Vice-President of tho Board of Trade—On Wednesday , Feb , 8 t / t , a public meeting of the inhabitants of Chelsea was held to consider measures to be taken to secure their enfranchisement . Mr . Torrens M'Cullagh made . an able speech ; - — On the s ( imd d- < xy , tho London master' builders published a report expressing thoir ' determination to hold out against tho workmen yet on strike . — -On tho same day wore published tho Navy Estimates , showing an increase of dBl , 026 , 482 over those of last year .
The weekly riot at tho church of St . Georgo's-in-tlie'East was repeated with increased vigour on Sunday , Feb , 5 th . —On Monday , Feb . Qth , three boys and an old woman were brought up at the Thames Police Court , charged with disturbances in th ( o church of St . George ' s-in-tho-Kast ; admonished and discharged . —On Friday , Feb . 3 rd , the two American mates , named Lane and Hires , accused of murder on the high seas , wore finally committed to gaol until they can be Bent to tho United States for trial , —Oh Saturday , Fab . Uh . two convicts escaped from 'the custody of their guards by
jumping 1 out of tho window of a train in rapid motion on the Great Western Railway ; the following day they wore recapture *! unhurt . On Tuesday , Feb . 7 , was decided in the Court of Queon ' s Bench tho case of Wolzenstein v . Stohwasser , for detention of plain * tiff ' s goods , andl assaulting 1 his wife by kissing * hov j verdiob for defendant ; jury considered plaintiff to have trumped up a onso to extort money . On Tuesday , Feb . 7 , a butcher at Coventry , named Fawson , murdered , his wife and committed suicide from jealousy . — -On the same day an inquest was held on tho body of a Spanish sartor >
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 11, 1860, page 20, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_11021860/page/20/
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