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"The one Idea which History exhibits as ...
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Gontent*
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. NEWS OF THE WEEK- *ag* Continental Not...
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VOX/. VI. No. 268.] SATURDAY, MAY 12, 18...
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Mtms nf tire Wttk.
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J6 rpHE proceedings of the Vienna Confer...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Qgp ^*C J^E^Uet;
qgp ^* c J ^ e ^ uet ;
"The One Idea Which History Exhibits As ...
"The one Idea which History exhibits as evermore developing itself into greater distinctness i 3 the . Idea of Humanity—the noble ¦ ¦ endeavour to throw down all the barriers erected between , men -by prejudice and one-sided views ; and by setting aside the distinctions of Religion , Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human rade as one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development of oux spiritual nature . "—Humboldfs Cosmos . " . <
Gontent*
Gontent *
. News Of The Week- *Ag* Continental Not...
. NEWS OF THE WEEK- * ag * Continental Notes 441 "The Stranger" in Parliament ... 447 THE ARTS Imperial Parliament ' Naval and Military News 443 The Royal Academy Exhibition 452 TheSeb ^ aftopol ^ mmittee :::::: ; ::::. 436 Miscellaneous 443 OPEN COUNCIL- Royal Italian Opera 452 wa ^ ceiianea" -:::-:::::::::::::::::::: & S ^ L ^ sr : ::::: ; :: ::::::::: tS shot-proof rating Batteries ... 4 ± s Ha *™ " * *» AdmSfaffiS ^ fflSSf ::::::::: " :::: til PUBLIC AFFAIRS- LITERATURE- Births . Marriages , and Deaths ... 453 Trial and Condemnation of Pianori 440 Expectant 445 Summary 449 Earthquake at Broussa 441 The Morality of Missions 446 Congreve ' s Lectures on the Ro- COMMERCIAL AFFAIRSOur Civilisation ' . 441 Educated Scarecrows 446 man Empire of the West 449 COiwwitk _ ^ i /\ i _ am-miks H ^ h of London during the Intrigues 446 Rhymes and Verses 450 City Intelligence , Markets , Ad-\ Feek ........ 7 . 441 Agitation 447 Books on our Table 451 vertisements , & c 4 S 3-45 b
Vox/. Vi. No. 268.] Saturday, May 12, 18...
VOX / . VI . No . 268 . ] SATURDAY , MAY 12 , 1855 . * [ Price Sixpence .
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J6 Rphe Proceedings Of The Vienna Confer...
J 6 rpHE proceedings of the Vienna Conference JL down to the 26 th of April are now before ; the Vorld in the Protocols adopted by the Plenipotentiaries . The papers possess an interest far beyond that of ordinary diplomatic correspondence , partly from the character of the Assembly , from its being , properly speaking , a series of consultative interviews between the agents of contending policies , and partly from the remarkable ability of the Baron r > E Meysenbebg , the Secretary , or his deputy , in drawing up the Protocols , which constitute a repovfc of the proceedings almost as extensive as the reports of the debates in the French ' Chambers during Louis Philippe ' s time in the Journal des Debats . The Conference met on the 15 th of March , though all its members were not then present . It was subsequently joined by M . Dbouyn dis Lhdts and Aaul Pacha . —both of them valuable accessions . In the meanwhile , indeed , the Bai * on db Boukqujeney had represented France , we presume , with fidelity to his instructions , and certainly with considerable spirit , although not always with the most exact discretion . Lord John Russell proved to be a steadier and keener representative of this country than we had expected . The arrival of M . Dbouyn » jg Luuys , although his diplomatic abilities unquestionably surpass that of any man at the Conference , did not make so valuable an accession to the representation of the Western Powers as we had supposed . On the other hand , Aabif Effbnoi , the resident representative of Turkey at Vienna , although a very intelligent and watchful man , with a full allowance of firmness , evidently wants that confidence in himself which was required to give Turkey her duo weight in the Conference . This was supplied by Aali Pacha , who , although he lacked real " Plenipotentiary" authority , enabling him to decide and accept as woll ' as to listen and represent , did take upon himself the initiative so far as to suggest forms and propositions . In the latlor part , therefore , the several Governments may bo said to have been fully represented , and it was not until the latter part that the tug of war came . As we knew before , the contest began on the third point : it came under discussion towards the latter ond of March , when the Russian Plenipotentiaries , iavited to take the initiative in making propositions , professed that they woro obliged to refer
j home for instructions . This reference consumed I eighteen days ; in the meantime , the new French and Turkish Plenipotentiaries had arrived . The » contest really began on the 17 th of April , . when Prince Gobtschakoff announced that he . was not instructed to make anyproposition at all ; and in reply to M . Dbouyn d | Lhuys , he added that Russia would not submit tor any restriction of the number of her ships in the Black Sea in any form whatever . Here the Conference might have ended for any good that was obtained from it in the subsequent stages . Nevertheless , the fig ht [ that was afterwards carried on ought to be made useful to the Western Powers , by disclosing the position of Russia and of Austria , not withouf ^ ppme . light as to the position of Prussia- In the earlier stages , when it was proposed to place the Principalities under the guarantee of the Five Powers collectively , Russia made this proposal a pretext for again requiring the presence of Prussia at the Conference . Prussia , therefore , is still recognised as the available ally of Russia . Russia , who virtually invited the Conference , and professed to accept the Four Points , turned the proceedings into a farce , by declining every proposal that could have given effect to the Third Point ; and by making counter-propositions on that point of a character insulting for their absurdity . The last of these propositions , the one that is said to have reopened the chance of peace , made at the last reported Conference , after Lord John Russjsjll came away , was to the effect that the principle of closing the 3 i > ¦¦ - danelles under treaty July-13 , 1841 , should remi i in force , the Sui / tan rese ; £ ving -to himself the p rer exceptionally to open , " the Straits for the fl ts of foreign powers whom he mig ht summon tc efend him ! It is evident that Russia entered ii o the Conference only for the purpose of gainin time . She did not conceal her arrogant cont-mpt for the Allied Powers inveigled into that solemn trifling ; and the vciy last remark of Prince Gortschakoff , that Rueuia had redeemed her pledges , and' fulfilled the objects of the Conference by making propositions to carry out the four bases , was as grossly insulting as if the Russian Plenipotentiaries had made that gesture called "taking a sight , " which is popularly supposed to be derived from the sailor ' s use of the quadrant , but which is as old as the ancient Egyptians . The public of this ' country must , therefore , bo fully awaro that , under any form whatsoever , Russia did not moan to conclude a
¦ peace , unless the peace gave her all that she had been seeking , — short of present occupation of the Principalities . Her object was clearly confessed in the proposal that she should be left to deal alone and directly with Turkey , which would , in fact , have nullified all that has been done , by the Western Powers , as well as by Austria , since 1852 . The position of Austria is not less intelligible . Count Buoi . assured the Conference at the commencement that the Emperor Francis Joseph intended to abide by his engagements , whatever " serious consequences" mig ht befal . Consider--ably later , when asked by Prince Gobtschakoff if Austria would approve of coercion to reduce the Russian fleet , the Count replied that Austria at present only pressed Russia to adopt the proposals made to her , but that the Emperor Francis Joseph would reserve his right to support the proposal in any way . The Count , however , did not conceal the earnest desire for peace ; from the first meeting to tlie last , he spoke in a very impressive manner , and with ! an appearance of sincerity he invoked the Divine favour for the Conference . The territorial position of Austria was of course never once alluded to ; the difliculties that she might have in fulfilling the military responsibilities of the alliance never came in question . Baron Pbokesch spoke with more spirit , and did not attempt to modify his own disapproval of the Russian tergiversation and trifling . The idea that Austria is playing a double game between the Allies and Russia is not confirmed by what passed in the Conference , but the Minister could not conceal that the difliculties of that empire arc greater than the Executive Government knows well how to meet ; and Count Buoi , clinga to the hope of peace with all the desperation of a drowning man . M . Dboijtst dhi Lhuys evidently assented to the opinion of Count Buol , and was willing to make rather important concessions ; and wo may infer , without much chance of being misMken , that his disposition in that sense originated with his regard for the difficulties of Austria . Perhaps M . Drouyn dm Lhuys may have boon impressed with the importance of sustaining the Austrian Empire , and therefore may have believed the Austrian Government to bo friendly to the Western Powers , and its occupation of so much European ground to bo an advantage . Ho returned to Paris to seek from the Emperor Napoi . mon a confirmation of verbal assurances which ho scoma to have given to the Cabinet
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), May 12, 1855, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_12051855/page/1/
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