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152 THE LE A D E i&. [No. 412, February ...
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THE POLITICAL TRIAL. AT NAPLES. The tria...
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SANITARY MATTERS. The Report of the Comm...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Continental, Notes. That Narrow And Unch...
reassured that the good need have no fear , and that the -wicked must tremble . This is the most important part pf my tas , k , and this is why the Emperor selected me . " The fall of M . Billault is thought to be a concession to English feeling in connexion with the publication-of the military addresses in the Moniteur , that , paper being under M . Billault ' s department . It is even stated that Liord Palmerston urged the point on the Emperor . ITALY . The result of six out of the ten new Piedmontese elections is known . They are all in favour of the anti-Jesuitical party .
TURKEY . A serious disturbance ( says a contemporary ) has been occasioned at the Turkish port of Trebizond , oa the Black Sea , by the refusal of the Russian Consul to allow a party of Circassian slave merchants , who had touched at Trebizond with a cargo of women and children from their own country , to continue their journey to Constantinople , where the slaves were to have been sold . It is said that the Circassians , with their armed followers , attacked the Russian Consul ' s house , and threatened to kill him . The other European residents , headed by the French and English Consuls , armed themselves to the number of three hundred , and surrounded the Russian Consulate to protect it against this violence . After some delay , the Pacha of Trebizond interfered , and order was re-established .
AUSTRIA . " Since the 8 th of last month , " says the Vienna correspondent of the Times , " the Austro-Danubian Company has been busily employed in blasting rocks at the Iron Gates , and in twenty days no fewer than two hundred and seventy-five mines were sprung . Such improvements have already been made that the Small steamers Tachtalia and Islas will be able to pass the rapids whenever the water is not unusually low . If a foot more can be blasted before the water rises , larger vessels will also be able to pass the rapids without danger . A new channel has been discovered , and it is believed that it may be advantageously used after some few rocks have been blasted . After the explosion of one of the mines , several hundred cannon balls , three heavy anchors , and several Roman coins of silver-and copper were discovered . " ¦ . ¦
HAMBURG-. A prospectus has appeared at Hamburg of another loan to be raised by the Swedish Government , bearing interest at four and a half per cent ., and of the amount of 8 , 190 , 500 dollars , to be employed in-the construction of railways . The loan is negotiated by four German houses , and considerable purchases have been made at 94 £ .
RUSSIA . A remarkable banquet was celebrated at Moscow on the 9 th of January . It was to commemorate the Emperor ' s policy of abolishing serfdom ; and one hundred and eighty gentlemen sat down to table . Several speeches were made , of which the most noteworthy was that of M . Pauloff , who said : — " Gentlemen , —A new spirit animates us ; a new era has commenced . Heaven has allowed us to live long enough to witness the second regeneration of Russia . Gentlemen , we may congratulate ourselves , for this movement is one of great importance . We breathe more like Christians ; our hearts beat more nobly , and we may look at the light of Heaven with a clearer eye . We havo met to-day to express our deep and sincere sympathy for a holy and praiseworthy work , and we meet without any nervousness to mar our
rojoicing . Yes , gentlemen , I repeat it , a now spirit animates us—a new era has commenced . One of our social conditions is on the eve of a change . If we consider it in a past light , we may perhaps admit that it was necessary that it should have been allowed to be as it was from the want of a better administrative organization and of the concentration in tho hands of the Government of the means which have since given so great a development to the power of Russia . But what was momentarily gained to the State was lost to mankind . The advantage cost an enormous price . Order without—anarchy within —and the condition of the individual cast its sliadow over society at large . The Emperor has struck at tho roots of this evil . Tlio glory and prosperity of Russia cannot rest upon Institutions bnsed on injustice and falsehood . "
A violent shock of earthquake has been felt at Irkutsk , in Siberia . The shock was so great that it extonded to tho frontiers of China , This ia the third earthquake within five years wlucn has been experienced in that part of Asia . 8 PA IN . A now revolutionary plot la said to have boon discovered-at-Maarid . ^ In « enaittry _ nrp ^ l Jg ^ aJions , arms , and ammunition , have been seized by tho Spanish authorities in a house in the vicinity of tho palace ; and the plot appears to have had ramifications in the Italourio Islea and at Barcelona .
OEKMANT . It is said that ram ideal ions of tho Piorrl conspiracy have been discovered in Wiesbaden . BELGIUM . Some curious facts have lately trunspirod In connexion ¦ with tho attempted assusalnatlon of the Emperor of the
out patents for his invention , both in France and Belgium . Georgi complied with his request , and succeeded in conveying the materials of the apparatus safely over to Brussels , after paying the necessary duty at the Custom-house . Bernard shortly afterwards arrived in the Belgian capital , and told Georgi that an Englishman named Allsop , a . partner with him in his gas-lighting scheme , wanted somebody to take charge of a horse which was about to be sent by rail to Paris . A waiter at the Brussels coffee-house immediately offered to execute this commission , and his services were accepted . He was accordingly despatched on his journey , the gaslighting apparatus being packed up by Bernard in a carpet- bag and given to him to take to Paris together with the horse . The waiter reached his place of
desti-French . A short time ago , a foreigner named Joseph Georgi kept a coffee-shop in Tichborne-street , Leicester-square , London , in partnership with his brother . Among the frequenters of the place , who were chiefly foreigners , was a French refugee named Bernard , who stated that he had invented a new scheme for gas-lighting , which statement was corroborated by a particular gaseous smell that was always apparent about his clothes and person . After a time , Georgi informed his customers that he was going to Brussels to open a coffee-house there , and Bernard , on learning this , requested that Georgi would take over with him a part of the apparatus of his new gas-lighting scheme , as he was about to take
nation , discharged his mission , having left both horse and bag with Allsop at an hotel in the Rue de Rivoli , and returned to Brussels , Meantime , the attempt on the life of the Emperor was made , and , immediately after its failure , one of the first things thought of by the police was as to how the murderous projectiles could have been smuggled into France . An examination of the Custom-house registers was ordered , and the strangelooking articles , which had previously been passed as gas apparatus by the officers of customs on the Belgian frontier , were at once suspected to form part of the hand grenades which exploded so fatally on the 14 th of February . Georgi , and the waiter who took the carpetbag and horse to France , were shortly afterwards arrested at Brussels and placed in solitary confinement . Bernard escaped and has not since been heard of .
152 The Le A D E I&. [No. 412, February ...
152 THE LE A D E i & . [ No . 412 , February 13 , 1858 .
The Political Trial. At Naples. The Tria...
THE POLITICAL TRIAL . AT NAPLES . The trial of the persons implicated in the insurrection of last June continues , and is marked by the usual Neapolitan features of judicial violence and unfairness . Baron Nicotera , one of the prisoners , asserted on the 29 th ult . that one of the depositions was false , and that it had never been read to him . He also handed in a paper , which he said contained a report of the abuses to which the prisoners had been subjected , and a full exculpation of the captain and crew of the CagHari . He demanded that it should be read , adding , " I wish to defend others ; I care not havi
for myself . " The Procureur-Ge ' neral , ng perused the paper , said it could not be read ; and this was confirmed by the President . The Judges , however , subsequently retired to consider the point , and tlien stated that a summary of it had been drawn-up , which would be read . This summary , however , was expressed in the most vague and general terms . Nicotera objected to the document , and wished , to speak on the subject ; but he was not allowed . The correspondent of the Timea says that , according' to information which he has received , the following statement was made in Nicotera ' s original
document : — " ' The firing lasted an hour , and twenty-seven of the rebels fell , among whom was their leader Carlo l'isalcane ; twenty-nine were arrested , and the arrests were accomplished with tho assistance of a company of the 11 th battalion of tho Rifles . ' Nicotera is declared to have stated that they had given themselves up , and were quietly in tho hands of the Guardia Urbana , when the soldiers from a wall fired upon them and massacred them in cold blood . It is added that it was done by
order of an officer who did not please the King on the 15 th of May , 1848 , and expressed himself determined to win the Royal favour . I cannofassort that this ia true , but such is tho report here . Tho day ' s proceedings concluded with the examination of a Sardinian mariner , who repudiated tho charge of over having been a tliief . Ho declared that , after having surrendered , they had been plundered and beaten , and twenty-scvon maesnored in cold blood—whether , as reported , by tho soldiers or by others at their instigation , I cannot positively assort . "
On a subsequent day , tho Court refused to allow a diary of events , which was believed to contain a comploto ^ CBtftbUa ^ men ^ QOlllfiJlmQS-0 . ? - . ° 1 » e crow of phe CagHari , to be road . Several of iho Italian prisoners asserted that their followers , on tho day of the insurrection , were massacred in cold blood by the troops ; that they themselves have been treated with tho utmost brutality ; that they have been denied tho comfort of a blanket ; and that they are dying with cold .
Watt , the Englishman , whose head has boon affected by his ill-usnge , at first refused to appoa-r at the trial ; and , fearing violence , tho authorities did
not endeavour to force him to the court . On a subsequent day , lie was present , and answered the questions put to him in a very wandering manner . An interesting account of the rooms in which he and his fellow-prisoners are confined is given by th e writer already quoted , who visited the place : He states : — " The utmost readiness was shown to admit me , and after an awful * getting up stairs' in the face of the mountain against which the prison is built , we arrived in the apartment assigned to the crew of the Cagliari . It consists of two good-sized airy rooms—the outer one occupied by the sailors , the inner one by the Captain Sitzia , Daneri , the engineers Park and Watt , and the two mates . . In bodily health , they all appeared well , and complained of nothing but of the length and injustice of their imprisonment . They spoke with the air of
persons who were thoroughly innocent of the charge brought against them , and one said that they were induced to go ashore by a ruse . They were to bring with them merely a shirt , for they would be only detained one day . On landing , they were immediately handcuffed . ' We live well , ' said Park , ' for we are well supplied by our friends , and the cook of the Cagliari prepares our dinner . With the prison allowance of four grains , or three-halfpence a day , which is intended to provide for everything , we hire these beds . ' They appeared to be comfortable , and were tolerably clean ; the room itself I thought dirty . The captain showed a chart which he had drawn , showing , in opposition to that published by the Government , that his steamer was in the right course for Naples , and the engineers and all present declared that he was making for it when he was captured .
" A number of ragged articles of dress -were shown , which the rats had half eaten while left in the care of the Neapolitan authorities , who assured the Sardinian Minister that every care should be taken of them . A list , too , of eighty-five missing articles , together with money , had been presented to the Sardinian Consul , for recently the Government has affected to restore everything it had detained . "We left the prisoners in good heart and health , though of Watt I must observe that he appeared moody .-and not so clear in his intellect as the others ; both he and Park have suffered from their long confinement . On leaving them , we passed through the outer room and visited another chamber where sixteen men are confined—one Austrian ,
some Romans , and Sardinians . I looked round to see something in the shape of a . bed , and there was not a single mattress of the coarsest kind in the place . The Government allowance was a wisp of straw , or a handful of chaff it might almost be called , and this appeared to have been swept up against the side of the wall . I should have tnken the beds as the sweepings of a dirty room . The Custode had from kindness given a dirty worn-out blanket to two prisoners who had been ill , and one had the blanket which had belonged to him on board , and which had been restored to him ; for the others , they slept on the straw or chaff which was on the ground , without covering below or above . I would not litter a pig so badly . "
Sanitary Matters. The Report Of The Comm...
SANITARY MATTERS . The Report of the Commissioners on the Sanitary State of the Army discUses some strange and startling facts . " The following , " says a summary in the Times , " is the comparative mortality of the Army at home and of the male civil population of England and Wales between the same ages as the soldier , as stated by the Registrar-General : — Of effective men of all ages of the Army at homo the annual mortality in the thousand is 17 . 5 , while in the general population it is for men of tho Army ages , in the town and country population , 0 . 2 ; in tho country alone , 7 . 7 . Even in Manchester , ' one of the unliealthiest towns , ' it is only 12 . 4 . In other words , soldiers die nearly twice an fust as the general
population , and very much more than twice as fust us the inhabitants of tho rural districts . Tho deaths are also nearly half as much again as in one of tho unhealthiost manufacturing towns in the kingdom . But there is a singular fact also to bo noticed .- All sections of the Army are not equally unhealthy . The miiiuul mortality in the Household Cavalry is 11 " in the thousand 5 in tho Dragoon Guards and Dragoons 18 . 8 ; in tlig Infuntry of tho Line 18 . 7 ; in tho Foot Guard * 20 . 4 . Hut , aa has boon said , tho soldier ' s is a picked life . More tlnm this , ' a portion of tho force is gvery your invalided and pensioned on account of dieouso contracted in tho i di
service , > and of men so pensioned a largo > orceutugo o during tho first year . The health of tho Army , as given in tho returns , is , therefore , inoro favourable in appear ance than in reality ; ' so that tho returns which prove tlvat ^ tho-mortality-is-trwicft ^ aa ^ grcatJnfli ^ Mll ^ Jva } ^ of barracks aa outside do indeed givo too favourable an ostimuto of tho aoldior ' a condition . Wo arc next carried Into a comparison of tho soldier ' s health with that of men following various occupations , wholesome or injurious . ' Tko mortality among tho lAiw is 2 9-10 times aB groat , and among tho Guards 0 1-8 times as groat , as among . agrloultural labourers who are members of benefit aociotloa ; in tho same divisions of tho Army it is respectively 2 1-10 and 2 1-0 times as groat as
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 13, 1858, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_13021858/page/8/
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