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» ¦ ¦ ¦ 16O THE LEADER; [^^ggO^ATORDAr,
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GO TO—BATH! "We may anticipate a Bath Bo...
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COUNTEU-DEGLABATION OF PERSIA. No one wh...
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Public Income and Expenditure.—The total...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Moldo-Wallachian Agencies. Tme French Go...
protection of this or that femily of Boyards , or aspirants to power . Ignorant of the great changes impending , yet desirous of taking part in . them , they spent their long leisure in organizing hunts after the British fashion , and formed thus a claim to the name of Reformers . Aa for our consul in partibus , as our honorary agent at ; Iassy is called , he cannot give himself up to these innocent pleasures , for Ms age and infirmities for more than ten years past lave caused him to
abandon them , as well as work of every kind . Most remarkable of all , however , the Danubian public finds our agents mixed up in all the Boyard coteries , and might not be disinclined , in consequence , to believe that they share in the profits which are made by the abuses of the country . The result is , that we have lost fclie legitimate influence we were entitled to possess in the rich countries of the Lower ^ Danube at the very time vrhen it was of most importance that we should
preserve it , and where , had we been properly represented , it -would have been increased ; for the Hcmmans had , from the first , turned towards England for sympathy . At the outbreak o £ the war something was said of an inquiry into our consular system , but little has since been heard of the subject . ! N ~ o doubt Lord Pai / merstou ,
who intends to remain a long time in power , is in no hurry to introduce the necessary reforms in the various branches of our public service . It is not so with the English people . We may therefore very properly express a hope that some one will be found in Parliament to call attention to this important subject , and that something more than repartee may be demanded of our dexterous Premier .
» ¦ ¦ ¦ 16o The Leader; [^^Ggo^Atordar,
» ¦ ¦ ¦ 16 O THE LEADER ; [^^ ggO ^ ATORDAr ,
Go To—Bath! "We May Anticipate A Bath Bo...
GO TO—BATH ! "We may anticipate a Bath Book of Sports . The Western City of Pleasure has repented it of its sins , and the children of the Union Schools are the scapegoats turned into the wilderness to atone for the levities of the Pump-room , and the other profane recreations of King Blajdtjd and his visitors . The illustration in point is this : —Mr . Chute , the lessee of the Bath Theatre , a gentleman , very much respected by the residents , invited the Chairman of the Board of Guardians to send all the children of the Union Schools to a day performance of his pantomime . The Chairman , Mr . J . W . Bush , accepted the offer ; subject to the approval of the Guardians . To the Guardians , therefore , the question -was submitted . What did those gentlemen say ? They protested against an act "which " would lead the children into the paths of disgrace and shame "—the disgrace of innocent enjoyment , the shame of holiday laughter . These were the words oftheHeverend Mr . Newnham . Then rose Mr .
Cottebei < : l , by profession a " Friend , " and then Mr . DaI / XA . "WAY , whose ignominious nonsense amounted to a libel om the Bath Theatre and its lessee . The result was , as the Bath Journal says , sudden , sad , and vexatious disappointment" to the children ; in other words , a cold Bath , —at this inclement season , too . Mr . Cutjtj : was rebuked for his generous proposal , and Bath was saved from the " disgrace and shame" of a merry day among the children of the poor . The pupils are the victims of the guardians ; but the guardians are the pupils of society , winch sanctifies the bigot .
Counteu-Deglabation Of Persia. No One Wh...
COUNTEU-DEGLABATION OF PERSIA . No one who has attentively perused tho proclamation of war issued by the Governor-General of India can have failed to entertain strong suspicions that a valid cause for hostilities had been furnished bv tho Court of Teheran . The only thing , indeed , wanting to a positive conviction was the absence oi any sort of explanation on the part of the
Government , whose conduct was thus arraigned . That deficiency is now supplied . The Persian Government have put forth their coimter-stateineut , and in so doing have pronounced their own condemnation . According to the official organ , the Teheran Gazette , the rupture with Mr . Murray was caused by the British Minister extending the protection of the national flag to all the servants of the Embassy , even to those who might be " real subjects
of lus Majesty the Shah . In like mariner , when Mr . M'Neilx , in 1837-38 , demanded a fitting reparation for the insult offered to his country in the gross outrages committed on the person of has groom , b y the sanction and in the presence of tHa Prime Minister , the " Persian Government asserted their right to seize , punish , or put to death , without reference to the British Minister , the Persian servants in his employment . " * But such pretensions are so completely at variance with the spirit and letter of international law , that they are unworthy of a serious refutation .
Mr . Mtjrbay is further charged with mixing himself up " with , the (?) intrigues relating to Attghanistan in general , and to Hemt in particular / 3 contrary to the stipulation prohibiting the interference of the British Government "in Persian and Affghan affairs , except as a mediator -with , the consent of both parties . " Eor this stipulation we are referred to three treaties , said to have been concluded between the two Cabinets . Tirst , in 1809 , with Sir Ha-Btord Jones . ; second , in 1812 , vfith Mr . Cbosley ; and third , in 1814 , with . Mr . Ellis . Now , in the firstnamed treaty , there does exist an article to that effect , but it immediately precedes one couched in the following terms :-
—" VIII . It is acknowledged the intent and meaning of these preliminary articles are defensive . And it is likewise agreed , that as long as these preliminary articles remain in force , Ms Majesty the King of Persia shall not enter into any engagement inimical to his Britannic Majesty , or pregnant with injury or disadvantage to the British territories in India . " In 1812 no treaty whatever was concluded between the two Cabinets . Certain articles , iaideed , were drawn up and signed by Sir Gore Ousele y , M & iioiois Shefi , and Ma-homed Hassan , but they were not ratified by the British Government .
The definitive treaty , however , negotiated by Mr . Henry Elms , in 1814 , among the " happy leaves " of " a nosegay plucked from the thoriiless Garden of Concord , " does certainly contain that most absurd and injudicious stipulation . But the general tenor of that treaty was so utterly -untenable , that , only a few months afterwards , two important articles were annulled for a pecuniary . consideration , and the whole was set aside in 18 * 38 in consequence of the embroilment between the two Governments . It is of more importance to examine how far the articles of agreement concluded in 1853 between the
British Plenipotentiary and the Persian Prime Minister justify the interposition of this country in defence of Herat . By that document the Persian Government relinquished all claims to tlie sovereignty of Herat , ana engaged to abstain from all interference whatsoever in the internal affairs of that free and independent city . It was only in the event of a hostile torce invading theterritoriesof Herat that the Persian Government was authorized to send troops to maintain the integrity of those territories , and it pledged itself to withdraw this friendly and auxiliary force so soon as the invaders retired to their own country . It is now alleged b y the Court of Teheran that the case contemplated by these provisions had
arrived whenDosxMAHOMiED , on the deathof his brother Kouundil Kuan , possessed himself of the town of Candahar . The Ameer , as the paramount authority hi Affghanistan , was clearly justified in taking measures to prevent disturbances within the dominions subject to his suzerainty . Had lie exhibited less promptitude and energy , the most terrible anarchy would have ensued , and perhaps tho entire kingdom might have been involved in the horrors of a civil war . It is asserted , indeed , that he acted " by the advice and counsel" of the English , but not a single proof is adduced in support of this gratuitous assertion . There is neither a British Envoy at Cauhul , nor any accredited representative
• Kaye ' a War in Afghanistan , vol . i- p . 2 CG . A new edition of this valuable woric is now l ) oing published by Mr . Bontloy at a price that places it within reach of tho moat modest library . Tho firat volume contains an Animated description of tho former siege of Horat , with copies in extemo of tho treaties between tho British and Persian Governments , to which such frequcn t allusions have recently beon made .
of the Ameer at Calcutta , hot has the Indian Go vernment in any way interfered with the intern ^ affairs of the Affghan . kingdom since the return of it . armies of retrihution . But had it even been . dtherwisp —were it incontestabjy proved that it was at "the in stigation" of the perfidious English that Dost Ma " homed reduced Candahar to a state of peaceful submission . —in what manner can that movement be construed into a menace against Herat ? No less urgent an emergency than the violation of the Hera ? territories could justify the entry of the Persian troops ; and , as already shown , with the removal of the offence the defensive measure was bound to be simultaneouslwithdrawnDost
y . Mahomed did not invade Herat , but the Persians even captured that city by force of arms , and against the will of its inhabitants . In contravention of existing treaties the Court of Teheran now declares Herat to be Persian soil , just as on the former occasion it declared that " the rightful dominions of the Shah ex " tended to Ghuzni . " Under "the Suffarean dynasty " both Herat and Caudahar were conquered provinces of the " king of kings ; " and in the reign of Queen Mary Calais was a possession of the British Crown When the sovereigns of England reassert their claims to the throne of France , it will be lawful for the Shah to enforce his sovereign rights over the Ailglian cities . la the meantime his Majesty's Ministersand their lish
, un-Eng advocates in this country , will do well-to invent a more plausible excuse for the invasion of Affghanistan than a pretended menace on the part of Dost Mahomed against a petty principality which the Shah was pledged , indeed , to -protect , but not to conquer and oppress . The friendly remonstrances of the British Government have teen met by insolence and derision , its representative subjected to repeated insults / and a heavy blow aimed at the foundation of the barriers of its Indian empire . To remain tranquil under such affronts would betoken a pusillanimity as yet unknown to the British character , and might Be fraugnt with pernicious consequences to the maintenance : of our moral influence in the East .
Public Income And Expenditure.—The Total...
Public Income and Expenditure . —The total income of the United Kingdom for the year ended the 30 th of September , 1856 , amounted to 71 , 348 , 066 / ., and the total expenditure to 83 , 307 , 4777 ., leaving a deficit of 16 , 959 , 411 / . The Customs yielded 23 , 093 , 3007 .: the Excise , 17 , 861 , 777 / . ; stamps , 7 , 18 O , V 4 : ll . ; taxes , 3 ,-100 , 0267 . ; the income , or , as it is here called , the " ¦ Property-tax , " 15 , 940 , 330 ? . ; and the Post-office , 2 , 768 , 1527 . As regards the expenditure , 28 , 625 , 517 / . was appropriated to the charge of the public debt ; 1 , 750 , 3217 . to the charges on the consolidated fund ( including the civil list salaries and courts of justice ) ; and 57 , 931 , 638 / . to the supply services . Of these last the
army and ordnance cost the country 28 , 094 , 8247 ., a sum equal to the interest of the debt ; the navy , 17 , 608 , 995 ? . ; the vote of credit ( war with . Russia ) , 1 , 410 , 0007 . ; miscellaneous civil services , 6 , 693 , 172 / . ; and the salaries of revenue departments , 4 , 124 , 646 / . The balances of public money in the Exchequer on the 30 th of September , amounted to 7 , 084 , 7437 . In the year ended the 31 st of December last , the income was 72 , 218 , 9887 ., and the expenditure 82 , 323 , 400 / ., leaving a deficit of 10 , 104 , 4127 ., or less by 600 , 0 007 . than at the end of the preceding quarter . The produce of the income-tax for the year was 16 , 028 , 421 / . The balances of public money at the end of the year amounted to tho sum total of 6 , 942 , 427 / . —Times .
Health of London . —The deaths registered in London , which had been in the first -week of January 1135 , and in tlvo last wcclc of the same month 1209 , rose in the week that ended last Saturday to 1368 . In tho years 1847-56 , the average number of deaths in tho weeks corresponding with last ¦ week "was 1180 . If tlua average is raised for the purpose of comparison proportionally to increase of population , it will becom 1298 ; and hence it appears that tlie rato of mortality which prevailed last week was higher than the average rate in tlie beginning of February . —Last -week , the births of 976 boys and 915 girls , in all 1891 children , were registered in London . In the ten corresponding weeks of tho years 1847-56 , the average number was 1620 . — From the Registrar-General's Weekly Return .
RiraisrANcic to tub Livuitpooi , Town Duks . — Ono of tho most important questions in connexion with tiB imposition of tho Liverpool town clues is tho legal right of tho corporation to exact dues from vessels w hich , though passing up tho river make no use of the Liverpool Docks . This , particularly affects tho small port of Garston , about four miles up tho river , on the Liverpool side . There is nlready a commodious dock , with direct railway communication ( St . Helen ' s Hallway ") , and vessels of largo burde ft can bo received there . Tho question of right to levy duos onvossels trading theroand not culling at Liverpool 5 a about to be tried , Messrs . Ponder , ot Manchester , having givou notico to tho corporation officials of their intontion to despatch a vosael , which haa loaded at Guraton , without paying tho lovrn . dues .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 14, 1857, page 16, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_14021857/page/16/
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