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SwraaswaH^ XB£18m] TTOBlLlA]>Wlr; 88S
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?NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. Wo notice ca...
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SJVTUBDAT, SEPTEMBER 15, 1855.
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There,is nothing so revolutionary, becau...
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;:,_ ? WHAT NEXT? The <f third point" ha...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Swraaswah^ Xb£18m] Ttobllla]>Wlr; 88s
SwraaswaH ^ XB £ 18 m ] TTOBlLlA ]> Wlr ; 88 S
Mm In I U, :T--W I Terwm S Of Subscripti...
mm in i u , : t--w i TERWM S OF SUBSCRIPTION TO ~^< *; . - • ¦ ;^ - . ;**« ' tfcfjj < VfSiMbffr . ' ' . ifey ^ attffw-r ' .- £ 0 13 ° ; ' ' I , ( j ^ Tp tefemitied in advance . e ^^ o nea Orders should be drawn upon the Strand Sranoh Office , and be made payable to Mr . Aipbbd E . SSil ^) irAT , aiiNo . I 54 , Strand .
?Notices To Correspondents. Wo Notice Ca...
? NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS . Wo notice can be taken of anonymous communications --WhaAeveHs intended for insertion must be authenticated ¦ by the name and address of the writer ; not necessarily fbVpublicatiori ; but as a guarantee of hisgoodfaith . Communications should always be legibly written , and on brie sideof the paper only . If long , it increases the diffi-- culty of finding space for them . lTefc * nnoi ; undertake to return rejectedcommunications .
* 0 *' Fivrpencb Is Now The Price For An...
* 0 * ' Fivrpencb is now the price for an Unstamped eppy of the Leader , and Sixpence if Stamped . A Stamped copy of this Journal , can be transmitted through the Post-office to any part of Great Britain as frequently as may be required , during fifteen days from its date , free of charge ; but it is necessary that the paper should be folded in such a manner that the stamp be clearly visible on the ont-~ aide . T ^ e Leader has been ^' registered" at the General Post" office , according to the provisions of the New Act relating to Newspapers , and an Unstamped copy has , therefore , the pr ivilege of transmission through the post beyond the United Kingdom on payment of the proper rate of postage .
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Sjvtubdat, September 15, 1855.
SJVTUBDAT , SEPTEMBER 15 , 1855 .
'" . ' " ' *I&Tt\I \ Ti* ^51 Wttivvs Jt/Wuili ≫$L'Liuii£I» . T . .
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There,Is Nothing So Revolutionary, Becau...
There , is nothing so revolutionary , because . nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain jfco Jce ' ep things fijsed when all the -world , is by the very ~ law o £ itacreationin eternal progress . —Db . Abnold : ¦' , ¦¦ 4 .
;:,_ ? What Next? The <F Third Point" Ha...
; :, _ ? WHAT NEXT ? The < third point" has been established . The preponderance of Hussia in the 33 laek Sea is , jaaidtically , at an end . What next ? What are' the uses of victoiy ? Is there to be peace , ^ ^ fploiged . vrtkr ? If peace , upon what grounds f if war , to what purpose ? The qpindon of the English nation should reply , ©^ p tomacy has no object , except that of ijfetrifying the political system of Europe in ffexistuig form | £ t seeks to escape the perils pf change . Government , in England at least , lias neither feeling nor principle . It is a ntatehine propelled by the strongest party . To tlie country , therefore , is again offered the / decision of this-question . If the leaders of fHhe people" have intellects and energies , *&<} - if « the people" themselves have sense Sind spirit , the war may be lifted off its preaqnt basis , and moved in the right direcofiWe must repeat to our liberals , though the truth should offend them , that there has not Iheen a full , calm , and rational expression of mafti' 6 opinion . The majority of men have freetviblufitering ; othei-s have been despairing ; there has been suspicion , there has been totager , bub there has not been a united moverefect conducted upon true political principles , while the combined armies besieged Sebastt > poU with a bloody routine of negative suc-• ceaaea and positive failures , we never held litany cessation of the conflict was possible . % e' Allies Iliad to secure their prestige in * J ^« Qrimeft . ~ ^ esitige means something more than vanity ; it means character , and it would haye . been insanity to stop the , war by a confe ££ ion of incapacity . Now , however , the powers of atyfawjk at the command of England and France have overcome the powers of
defence concentrated by Uussia at Sebastopol . The Euxine is no longer ridden by [ Russian fleets , or threatened by Russian forts . The Sea of Azof shelters no dangerous armaments . In the harbour of Sebastopol not a ship is floating . Probably the Crimea itself will speedily be subdued . What then ? We must decide whether the war be for temporary or permanent , for general or local objects . If for temporary objects , enough has been done . I * et the
curtain fall upon this scene of slaughter and ruin . Humanity can spare no more to make a Turkish trophy . As far as cannon and bayonets can ^ maintain Ottoman independence and integrity , bayonets and cannon have done their work . Austria holds the line of the Danube ; and it is for the Allies to determine how soon , if ever , a Russian flag is again to fly over Sebastopol or any
other station in the Crimea . In a military and in a diplomatic sense , therefore , the assault upon Turkey is avenged . The line of the Danube is held for the Porte by its " faithful ally" of Austria . The Black Sea is safe ; another Sinope would be impossible . Of course , to effect a formal settlement , Alexander II . must ratify the decision of events ; but the armies which could not defend Sebastopol cannot retake it . Lord Abebdeen ' s obiects are realised .
We will not pander to the public appetite for mere victory . We ask the advocates of war , Is there a chance of destroying Russia ? There * is , a 3 we think , but do our liberals intend to profit by it ? An irresistible movement is necessary , or the struggle will go on , for the benefit of Austria , for the glory of the French Emperor , for the exaltation of the Pope ; but not for humanity , not for liberty or civilisation ; not for any purpose which would redeem its horrors or
justify the shedders of blood . Lord Palmebston declared in Parliament , not long before the session closed , that behind the " independence of the Ottoman Empire" there was " the independence of Europe" to protest against the encroachments of Itussia . In his mouth this phrase was little more than a trap to catch popularity ; but the truth is clear , that while the Turkish Empire must dissolve , whatever victories are achieved in the Turkish name , Europe may , by a signal
exhibition of public intellect and magnanimity in England , be relieved from the ubiquitous despotism of Russia . If not , the inevitable result will be , that the Mahommedan dominion , as it decays , will bo partially transferred to the Cossack . When power is abdicated , it is not lost . When Nicholas becomes a clod , Alexander becomes an Emperor . When the Turks no longer rule , their territories , their cities , their subjectstheir rivers , seas , and coasts
, will still constitute a mass of power , and if a liberal state in the east of Europe be rendered impossible by the league of the lords of misrule , the blood of myriads will have been shed in vain , for the Czars will possess Constantinople . To this the world must at last assent , if no principle is to be established by the war . When statesmen talk of protecting the independence of Europe , they imply that thia independence
has been threatened . But by Russia , how , and when ? In 1823-29 , when she invaded Turkey . In 1830-31 , when she extinguished Poland . In 1848-49 , whon she overthrew the free armies of Hungary . In logical sequence , therefore , there is no reparation made to tho violated libertios of Europe , unions thoso acts are reversed ; unless the " policy of Peter and Catherine" be checked , not in tho Crimea only , but in Germany , in Sweden , and along the old Polish frontier . Our present First Minister
declared twenty-three years ago that it was utterly impossible that Russia could , " morally or politically , exterminate Poland . " What in two years became of that declaration ? And what is the afllrmation worth that it is " utterly impossible to disarm Russia ?" The alternative lies between this endeavour " and a formal peace . Formal , we say , because there can be no peace—in the spirit ofpeace —until liberty sets Europe at rest . If the diplomatic conflict be cut shortit will only
, be to clear the field for nobler struggles elsewhere . Italy has been heated by her sufferings almost to the point of explosion ; Germany , overshadowed by its Diet , betrays an uneasy motion . In Turkey itself there are omens of activity in the intellectual advances of the Christian population . And " France wants rest "—not apathy or torpor , but repose . With the capture of Sebastopol , the real complications of the Eastern dispute begin . If a settlement be not now effected , events
will put the question between peace or war , and it may be beyond the power of diplomacy to answer . Austrian expectancy must be affected by the success of the Allies . The Prussian King will , no doubt , redouble his efforts to evolve a treaty out of the confusion ; but the substantial fact will be , that when the Crimea i 3 cleared of Russians . France and England must make peace , or
carry their arms intd another field . The winter is their season of grace . In the spring , policy must decide . Should Russia concede one point , and the Allies concede others , both parties may ' come out of the contest with military honours . Otherwise , the war will march ; a new enterprise will be commenced ; new objects , and perhaps . new belligerents , must come upon the scene .
We venture once more to invite the liberals of England to press their policy on the Government . JJord Pameuston is not Ossian ' s rock . Public opinion may drive him , as a cloud , if only public opinion is active and sincere . He may resign office , but eannot resist the nation . Last year we recommended a similar course of action , and were met by scepticism . Well , the Liberal party knows its own feelings , and ought to know its own strength ; our part , at least , is taken . The war must be for Europe and for the human race , or to push it further is a crime . As it has been conducted hitherto , neither
liberty , nor civilisation , nor public justice has been kept in view . A league of Roman priests has profited by the depression of the Greek hierarchy in Turkey and in the Russian Empire . The intrigues of the Czar at the courts of Western Europe are and will be as successful as ever . Austria has gained influence on the Danube ; Emperors and Popes rejoice in the humiliation of Patriarchs and Czars . The war interferes with every other movement , and itself adds nothing to the
happiness or to the security of mankind . It produces misery , fear , dissension . It endangers national friendships , and fosters illegitimate alliances . It seduces even Englishmen from their political chastity , and allures them , by military lust , to the desire of a Dictator . In a word , a high purpose is the only virtue possible in war ; without that nuro obiect to consecrate the sacrifice ifc ia of bru
the game of passion , of recklessness , - tality . But war , directed to righteous ends , is preferable to tho desolation of social ana political tyranny . In such desolation Europe awaits its deliverapco . Tho choice ia before ua : __ a statesman ' s Avar , for tlio sake oi gazettes , illuminations , and political rhapsody a war to establish a princip le , or a peace to spare the world gmtuitou- "gonjes and demoralisation . Our bucco * . > £ jf ™ - topol afford * , tho opportunity . Bettor a useless peace than a useless war .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 15, 1855, page 9, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_15091855/page/9/
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