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• EBBAKS OF THE PENSION LIST. A> case of...
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Stohm in thb Nohth op Scotland.-—Tho nor...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Mummy Worship. A Few Of The Sectional Ag...
brougtt self-govetfifeienfr in sight ; a sustained , and constant , and intelligent effort -will place it in their hands . A favourite fallacy with these persons is the break down of Chartism . Chartism did not succeed ; it left the people exhausted ; why combine again for similar objects ? Chartism was ruined by its leaders , who were ignorant , violent , and often selfish . It was a respectable cause disreputably supported , and the worst of the agitators were the most conspicuous , because they drowned the
voices of calm and judicious men . The working-classes had contracted a fatal taste for declamatory speeches , and the most frothy of the ranters who mouthed from the platform were the most vociferously applauded . This was the sin of Chartism . Reckon up the objections of Whigs and Conservatives to the popular programme . You will find the most effective to consist of arguments deduced from the violence of working-class oratory . The sound and quiet men—there were many of them , but they were lost in the vapour—were never-quoted by their opponents .
Some of the industrious classes have , to this-day > a false conception of oratory . They imagine eloquence to consist in an interminable succession of phrases , poured forth loudly and vehemently ; abounding in high-coloured expletives , daring , fierce , and gathering towards the close into a storm of rhapsody . We know , when they write about a Demosthenic speech , what they mean—it is an eruption , hot and furious , of magniloquent words .
Xn this matter there has been some reform lately ; we observed , gladly , in St . Martin's Hall , that a speaker who described liberty as " gashed , trampled , mangled , bathed in the blood- of armies , heaped about with human bones , dragged out and hung tipon a scaffold , " excited , not a cheer , but a laugh . It is well . Popular oratory must be improved ; the people have not so much to reform in their principles as in their method of urging them . Above all—no antiquarian pedantry , involving-loss of time , middle-class satires , workingclass dissensions .
When the war has ceased there will be a great field'open to the working classes . The men who now stand aloof may arrive at power . At all'events the basis of a reform agitation will have been enlarged ; It would be interesting to explain how far the people of the various towns are keeping the future in view , and what organisations are in progress , "with political objects independent of the war . The war is a- great event ) and men do well to study its complexities and its bearings ; but Englishmen ^ when' they have conquered Russia , have not ' finished their task .
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• Ebbaks Of The Pension List. A> Case Of...
• EBBAKS OF THE PENSION LIST . A > case of ' great hardship , which has- been made public within the last few days , direots attention << to certain' anomalies in the granting of pettBiona —• anomalies which throw a suspicion of * injustice / over what is ' ¦ designed ' in a spirit of generosity . Many of our readers will ' recollect the name of Miv Gtrr ; the atithor of several school works * on suoh-subjects as geography , grammar , history , astronomy , < feo .- — booKS ^ it is true , of no great pretensions ,
neither exhibiting nor demanding any original or profound- genius , but ? supplying a certain neocofiity in an able and industrious manner-, aod . perhaps exercising a considerable influence on the minds' of many thousands of our countrymen at the preoiso time when the brain isrttMMfr capable of receiving and retaining impvesotonuu The gentleman to whom wo ore irtde ^ Wod ' foiv these humble contributions to ed * umtionf & literature is ati this ¦ moment' in a Jetmdi & taw of poverty * resulting ¦ from'
accumulating years and adverse fortunes ; and the Pension funds aflbrd him no assistance . The story is a sad one . Mr . Guy petitioned Lord Aberdeen , when Prime Minister ; butpossibly because he was not able to write " Mac" before his name—he did not even receive the courtesy of an answer . He has subsequently written to Lord Palmerston , and has received a reply—though not of the nature he desired . The present Premier gives him no hopes , owing to the number of candidates for pensions , and the limited amount of the fund for meeting all demands . In the meanwhile , Mr . Guy is reduced to a condition the most painful . He is seventy-two years of age ; and the small school which he has for some
time kept at his residence , No . 2 , Hollis-place , Camden New Town , is in danger of being broken up , on account of a distraint for rent which is threatened , and which will speedily be put in force if the money be not forthcoming . With a little pecuniary assistance , the few scholars might be held together . Here is a case of indubitable hardship ; and the questions which arise out of it are , whether the amount set apart for pensions might to be limited , instead of adapting itself to the necessities that arise ; and whether ,
granting that it must , in this wealthy land } be tied down to £ 1 , 200 additional for each year , it is expedient or just to apply a large part of it to the mere conferrance of honour ? While Mr . Guy , at seventy-two years of age , stands in danger of starvation , Mr . Tennyson—b , man of independent property , with a constant inpouring of money from his very successful writings , and with a Government income of £ 300 a-year for his poet-laureateship—is receiving £ 200 every twelvemonth from those
very funds which are unable to find a penny for the sharp necessities of the humble literary drudge . When Mr . Tennyson ' s pension was first granted to him , we believe there were reasons which no longer exist ; and far would it be from us to quarrel with the continuance of that pension even as a mere mark of honour to a poet who has circled the iron progress of our age with a halo of divine aspirations , and the " haunting music" of harmonious utterance , if the conferrance of honour did not stand in
the way of" granting absolute relief in sore extremities . But look at the heaping up of " the sum of more" on the one hand , and the denial of the necessary mite on the other , and say whether the Pension JList does not need reformation . Undoubtedly there arc many now enjoying the nation ' s stibstantial gratitude who have unimpeachable titles to that enjoyment ; but how many worthy claimants are there still' beyond the pale ! ' There is reason , however , for believing that Gbvernment looks upon the amount as absurdly insufficient . Mr . Guy has been refused a pension , but we have no fear that he will not be effectually
succoured '; for , while we arc getting up a subscription for one who is merely the . goddaughter of Dr . Johnson , it would be strange if we neglected a worker , though a subaltern , in the field of letters . The well-to-do , this Christmas season , will , we arc sure , shake some of their superrtux to him , " and show the heavens more just . " But who will stir the sluggish waters of the Pension List , and show the greater , justice of the Government ; and the nation ?
Stohm In Thb Nohth Op Scotland.-—Tho Nor...
Stohm in thb Nohth op Scotland .- —Tho north of Scotland baa been visited by a severe snowstorm . It oommonoed on Wednesday week , and continued several daye . The enow was lying to a considerable depth in : the country , and ' some of the < roods ware nearly , inop / weable . The wind boinjij from * the N » W ., the shipping ' on . tho ooaafc woe not xn . danger- ; but a few losses have occurred .
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THE JjAW OK FMITNBESHIP . BY ABTBTJR BCBAICHXBTP , K . A . Thb various forms under which , co-partnerships , or a number of persons , associated together for the purposes of trade ; commerce , or manufacturer , the conduct of large undertakings , or the assurance of life and property , are now establishetlj originated in that inventive genius and spirit o £ competition and enterprise which so eminently distinguish , the British character . Every step made in civilisation ,, every advance in our national and commercial importance , whether by an amelioration of the social condition of the people , or by the development o £ new- principles in political economy , has , it would seem , tended to indicate the superior power and applicability of associative over individual capital , and energy , inall undertakings devoted either to a wide and perpetual sphere of action > or to anunion of public with private advantage . The isolated energy of a single person , however gifted and persevering , and the . limited extent of individual capital , appear to be unequal' to the task of rearing and consolidating any schema -of magnitude .
With the increase : of trade and commerce , and the consequent demand for greater facilities of transit and intercommunication , the legislature nave , from time to time , been engaged in framing laws and regulations by which every species of enterprise sought to be promoted by individuals , by private or public partnerships , should , be governed . The legislative functions have , however , been directed , as it might be expected , rather to a settlement of the rights and responsibilitieB-of the co-partners , and of third ) parties ( except ; where it . was . deemed necessary to restrain the authority ^ in respect of the hours of labour of the employers o > ver the employed ) , than to the processes of manufacture , or the economy of the institution tb be matured in the undertaking to be completed .
The regulation , up to a recent period , of com mercial or other concerns , conducted by the . way oi private partnerships consisting of whatever number of co-partners , was at the will-of the partners left to be arranged by the provisions of ideeda of co-partnership suggested by personal experience , and was , with very slight exceptions , unafifeeted . by . the Statute in Common Law . When , however , during the last quarter of a century there arose an intense anxiety for the formation of banks , the establishment of assurance , mining and commercial companies , the making of railways , * ke extension of inland navigation ,. the organisation of maritime companies , the development of steam and electric power , and not
the least important of modern inventions , the manufacture of gas and its . applications to public lights , culinary purposes , & c . & c , speculation became altogether uncontrollable , and necessitated the immediate interference of Parliament , so as to provide as far as possible for . the pecuniary security of the thousands of adventurers embarking in rival schemes . It was thought necessary , to reduce their constitution , management , and supervision , to a system which , if not effectual iu the positive - limitation of their expenditure , might afford to the public some knowledge of the persons and character of i the promoters , and therefore act as a check , on the . misappropriation of the funds so largely placed at their disposal .
Confining our views to institutions , undertakings , and businesses established or carried'out by a number of persons associated ; together as : n corporation , such as the Governor andi Company of the Bank < xf England , empowered by royal charter , or a company , such as an Assurance Company registered under the act 7 and 8 Viot . cap . 110 ., being a quasi-corporation and having some of the privileges of ft corporation ; or a JointtStock Banking Company , established under the acts 7 Qeo . JV . cMd , or 1 . and 2 Ydct . o . 96 , or a Mining Company which may be said to be a pure partnership , established on the cost book principle ; or a , quasi-partnership , such aa , a . Building . Society , an . Industrial Provident Society , , or a Friendly Society — we will now proceed to enumerate ! the statutes or other legal authorities , by or under which they may be constituted , and' also-to explain ho much of their peculiar features as may , not be . uninteresting in an
introduction to the . rules and regulations which , are in the following pages suggested for fche guidance of industrial partnerships . The legal import of a Joint-Stook Company may be beat understood by first defining its attributes and its ; relation to a common partnership , and next by briefly , considering the duties imposed on Joint Stock Companies and the rogulations to which they havo been subjected by late aots of Parliament , especially the Act 7 and 8 Viet . cap . HO , passed for their , publia registration . A Joint-Stock Company is an association trading or otherwise operating uppn o joint-stock , or capitiu divided into transferable shares , eaoh member puxtioipnting in the common profit or loss in proportion to his . Bharea in the jointmtock . Souaa qualification , however , must ^ from thje « on « limit » tion at law . of the liability , of tho shareholders , bo . placed on in this supposed freedom from more than a proportion ( po » ahdure ) of Iosh . Because , though in equity , a slmiv-
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 15, 1855, page 14, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_15121855/page/14/
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