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No, 486. July 1,6, 1859-1 THE LEADEB. 84...
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SATURDAY, JULY 16, 1859.
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—¦ *• ¦ —- There is nothing so revolutio...
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THE PEACE OF NAPOLEON". In. the year 179...
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MIDDLE CLASS MEMBERS. A good platform gr...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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No, 486. July 1,6, 1859-1 The Leadeb. 84...
No , 486 . July 1 , 6 , 1859-1 THE LEADEB . 841
Ad01307
SUBSCRIPTION TO " THE LEADER . " ONE GUINEA PER YEAR , UNSTAMPED , PKEP-iiP-( Delivered Gratis . ) NOTICES TO COKEESPONDENTS . No notice can be taken of anonymous correspondence Whatever is intended for insertion must be authenticated by the name and address of the writer ? not necessarily for publication , but as a guarantee of his good taitb . It is impossible to acknowledge the mass of letters we receive . Their insertion is often delayed , owing to a press of matter ; and when omitted , it is frequently from rear sons quite independent of the merits of the communication . "We cannot undertake to return rejected communications . OFFICE , NOi 18 , CATHERINE-STREET , STRAND , "W . C .
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Saturday, July 16, 1859.
SATURDAY , JULY 16 , 1859 .
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—¦ *• ¦ — - There is nothing so revolutionary * because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep things fixed when all the world is by the very law of its creation in eternal jpxogress . ^ -Dit . Aesold . . ¦ . . ?¦—— ... ' , '
The Peace Of Napoleon". In. The Year 179...
THE PEACE OF NAPOLEON " . In . the year 1797 a . great master of mendacity issued a proclamation to the citizens pf St . Mark : . —— " Bonaparte to the Republic of Venice . —It is to deliver the finest country in Europe from the iron yoke of the proud House of Austria that the JFrench army has braved obstacles the most difficult to surmount . " Within four months this same Bonaparte signed the Treaty of Cainpo Formio , by which the ancient city of the Doges was unscrupulously annexed to the Crown of the Hapsburgs . " Italy shall be free from the Alps to the sea . " So declared the imitator of his uncle , when entering
treachery which the uncle formerly meted put . She was again promised delivery from the iron yoke of the Hapsburgs ; and instead of accomplishing liis vow , her pretended liberator has added fresh rivets to her chains . We must wait for the development of the scheme of an Italian confederation under the " honorary presidency of the Pope , " before we can tell the precise amount of mischief it will entail ; but it looks very much like the realisation of a longcherished idea of Prince Metternich , by which he desired to enlarge and consolidate the ill-got and ill-used power of the Hapsburgs over the Italian
race . . With so much of the movement as could be identified with the French nation we sympathised , and in judging the Napoleonic portion , we expected he would act with an intelligent view to his own interest and glory . In this we confess our disappointment , and we look to the exhibition of some ulterior schemes for the solution of an enigma which puzzles , if it does not absolutely defy , all attempts at comprehension . To barter the fruits of victory for the terms of defeat ; to march over thousands of the mangled bodies of the bravest of his subjects to the very gates of these
were no 'longer in relation to the interests which France had in this fearful war . " If , therefore , the army is discontented it can throw the blame upon Germany , and ask for its revenge upon the banks of the Rhine . Italy niaj have unwillingly purchased the sanction of Austria to some such scheme ; and if the statement of the Daily News correspondent" proves correct , the haughty court of Vienna is prepared to cement its new-born friendship for the parvenu by receiving him as a favoured guest , and by permitting the nephew to repose in the palace of Schonbrunn , in the room where his uncle slept .
strongholds whose possession determines on which side the success of the contest lies , and then voluntarily to retire and leave them in the hands of a triumphant though defeated enemy- —this is conduct which can hardly , . gratify the ' . pride of the army , and which would seem little likely to uproot the Orleanism and republicanism which was known to infect its ranks . A war so concluded can neither conciliate the intellect nor the moral sentiments of France , but it will revive the hopes of all who desire to live under another form of government , and may sharpen the dagger of the conduct Would
conspirator , which a more honest have blunted and turned aside . The French nation may think it worth while to twine the laurels of Solferino with a hundred other wreaths of sanguinaryrenown , but the shame of Villa Franca they will permit their Emperor to consider exclusively his own . Falsehood appears not only a " Napoleonic idea , " but a . religion in which the strange dark hero of the coup d ' etat devoutly believes . A few hours before he developed his plot to overthrow the i-epublic in France , he bewailed the distrust which had been niarifested towards him , and complained of the calumnies which imputed to him desires for imperial power . In the same way ,
when the hour approached for betraying his allies at Villa Franca , he gave the most satisfactory assurances to Kossuth ; and the day after he had signed the armistice sent cannon to the Hungarian legion , which was formed by his command . ' That the compact with Francis Joseph contains terms not likely to be avowed , is a probable explanation of his extraordinary conduct , and Europe may see in the development of further designs , for what objects , nnd for what price the French Emperor has thrown fresh stains of duplicity upon the jewe ls of his crown , and reached a h of which
profounder depth in that gulp perfidy may be destined to swallow him up . England has dealt generously with him in this question : by emphatic declarations of neutrality , accompanied with good will for Italy , she gave a moral support to anything that might savour of honour and utility in his plans ; and nowhere was there a bear tier recognition of the valour and skill of his victorious troops ; but the end has deceived everybody , for while unfolding unexpected mischief it hna neither shown the lust ; or territorial aggrandizement , which some imputed , nor the good faith which others wore led to expeot . The whole thing has been a surprise ; ho has blindfolded his own ministers and hoodwinked
those of foreiau states ; he has boon Ins own general , his own diplomatist , his own trickster , and , it would astonish nobody if he should at last turn out to be his own undertaker . His uncle ' s treaty of Campo Formio was the prelude to the invasion of Egypt , and an historical incident known as the battle of the Nile ; but no star that we are acquainted with will predict the consequences to which the nephew ' s treaty of Villa Franca will lead . The address to the French nrmy may suggest an anticipation not . calculated' to promote the comfort of Prussia . As an excuse for abandoning the attack upon the fortress , it is alleged that the victorious maroh of the soldiery " was only stopped foooaueo the struggle was likely to assume proportions wlucu
upon the remarkable campaign which the Treaty of Villa Franca has treacherously and ingloriously closed . If Lombardy , in all its entirety , had been secured for Sardinia , with some guarantees of liberty for Tuscany , Venice , and the Papal States , although the promise of the third Napoleon would not have been stoictly fulfilled , enough good would have been accomplished to stimulate gratitude and moderate criticism ; but the proposal to leave Peschjera , Mantua , and Borgoforti in the hands of Austria , marks the transaction with the brand of perfidv and fraud . Lombardy is incapable of defence
without these strongholds , and must be in constant clangor while they are in possession of an enemy which has also Verona , Legnago , and the Venetian territory . The population . of tho Sardinian dominions , in 1857 , was 5 , 167 , 54 2 ; that of liombordy exceeds 3 , 000 , 000 , and deducting the portion to be retained by Axistria may bo a little less . Thus , aocording to the new arrangement , Victor Emmanuel will only have 8 , 000 , 000 subjects , and his little kingdom will be commanded by vast fortresses in the hands of his unscrupulous and implacable foe . This cannot be called a settlement of the Sardinian and Lombard question . With respect to the rest of Italy , it is the introduction of confusion , not tho establishment of
stability , which Louis Napoleon has purchased with an outlay of from thirty to fifty millions sterling , and tho sacrifice of thousands of his choioQst troops . Tho Tuscans wore invited to join in what promised to bo a national movement , and their reward for answering to the call is to be remitted to their former master . Parma and Modona are likewise betrayed , and the Romagna , stirred up , with tho consent of Louis Napoleon , by the Marquis d'Azeglio , receives the same bjttor admonition to put no faith in the solemn professions of a man who destroyed the liberties of France before lie protended to set Italy free . Venice , although happily not implicated in the Napoleonic movements , has equal cause for complaint , and lms received from tho nephew tho same
Middle Class Members. A Good Platform Gr...
MIDDLE CLASS MEMBERS . A good platform grievance of the school of orators , presided over by the honourable member for Birmingham , consists in telling how many peers go to the formation of a cabinet , and how many of their uncles , cousins , and grandfathers sit by family interest for decomposing boroughs . Sometimes the charge against the aristocracy is varied by showing how admirably Horse Guards spectacles , as worn by Sir Charles Yorke and successive commanders-in-chief , 4 re adapted to the magnifir cation of any military merit that can be detected in members or relations of the privileged class , or how readily the golden gates of diplomatic appointment revolve upon their hinges before the
" open Sesame" of rank or birth . We freely admit that the monopoly of high place and power by one small section of the community is a serious evil that demands eradication , but a glance over the parliamentary debates at the supply voting period of the session will suffice to show that it is rather the middle class than the aristocracy that deserves the blame . Lord Tom Noddy will no more give up his position to Mr . Brown , the spinner , if he can help it , than Brown will cede the management of his wheels and chimneys to the labourers whom he employs . It may not flatter the pride of the middle class to tell them that they must gain political power by working for it , but it is a truth , which everyday ' s experience proves .
Mr . Bright is justified in conap , laining of the _ small result that follows the labours of select committees , but when he adds , " with this conviction I have uniformly abstained from serving , " he seems to beuriconscious that he is doinghis best to perpetuate the misfox-tune he deplores . There are a large number of middle-class M . P . 's who sit patiently through weary hours of parliamentary speech-making , who vote at multitudes of divisions , and thereby delude themselves and their constituents with the idea that they are model senators and veritable pillars of the State . Pillars of the State they may be , in one sense , for they are excellent supports of the " system" which can drift into war , starve an armv . and victimise a fleet . They do not take the
trouble to know the right thing at the right time ; there are no questions upon which they are authorities , and it seldom enters into their imaginations to combine their labours for any beneficial _ objcct . There are specific services which the habits and training of middle class members fit them to render , and which , with singular perversity , they never attempt . Good book-keeping , accurate statements , clear specifications , correct balancesheets—these are everyday elements of success in the counting-house or the factory ; and although merchants and mill-owners may be numbered by the . score among our honourable M . P . s , they clo not take the smallest pains to procure any o « e ot these desiderata in the arrangement of our national concerns . On Monday the' House of Commons was occupied with the Navy Estimates , and dashed away into votes which , when comp leted , w * H amount to nearly thirteen millions , as thoug h the «» cst fun , in tho world was playing at ducks nnd <^ ™™ the national money . Mr . Williams had give * notice of moving for a select committeelonNavy Estimates , but the hopeless state of the Houee mduco I S to content Uuolf with throwing out the idea ! adducing sundry illustrations , m proof of its mportancd . It appears that tho costi of wages m Suilding is estimated upon no intelhg . ble prmcipes , and that the rates yavy immensely in difleront dockyards ; and that money voted for a variety of other purposes finds its way into . naval expenditure without any knowledge or sanction of tho House of Commons until the foot lias taken plaoo . Every year the House of Commons votes whatever Navy Estimates tho Government of tho
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), July 16, 1859, page 13, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_16071859/page/13/
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