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868 THE LEADER, [Saturday,
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The Emperor has evidently profited by hi...
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v; FRENCH MANNERS AND MORALS. Some time ...
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• AMERICAN NEWS. ; ¦ '¦ : . ' :¦¦ ¦ ¦ '¦...
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THE KNOW-NOTHINGS-S IN THE UNITED ¦ ¦;. ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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868 The Leader, [Saturday,
868 THE LEADER , [ Saturday ,
The Emperor Has Evidently Profited By Hi...
The Emperor has evidently profited by his residence in England to become a "judge of a horse , " and has adopted the English system of breeding and training with success . It is stated "that his splendid stud of horses excited the admiration of Prince Albert and his suite , and is worthy of notice in connexion with his efforts to improve the breed of horses in France . " Tie cavalry horses of the French army are mostly bred in Normandy , except the horses of the light cavalry , which come from Tarbes , near the Pyrenees , and which have a mixture of Arab blood . With many excellent qualities of endurance , the horses of the French cavalry are capable of great improvement in point of blood and bone , and Napoleon ' s attention is unceasingly directed to-this object . Large
purchases of English horses are frequently made by his agents , and , seeing ^ he prices which are given for good steeds , and the rivalry which exists between the bavers for thfrvErench and German Governments to secure the best animals , some astonishment is expressed that English farmers do not more generally avail themselves of the facilities they possess for rearing first-rate horses for so certain and so good a-market . Besides , the haras of the Emperor , he has a , stud and breedingestablishment at St . Cloud , at which colts of extraordinary value are reared froth a mixture of English and Arab blood . The Imperial stables at Boulogne , yrhich aretia close proximity toi the H 6 tel Brighton , the Emperor ' s residence , are an < extehipqre construction of wood , erected in 15 :. da ^ Sj . butv extremely convenient and well arranged , and co ^ rwg-nearly half an acre of ground . They contain 36 EngUsh saddle-horses for the use of the Emperor , his suite , and visitors ; 36 eMiiage-horses for the Emperor ' s palfedjes , cbar-: & -banc % arid other vehicles , and 2 p > n 6 st-horses . The Emperor ' s chargers , reserved for his exclusive' use at reviews
and in the field , are sis in number . They are all English , as ; arei indeed , the greater part of the saddle and carnager horses , and as their former names are retained , and every stall . has the horse's name painted over "the animal's head , the .-Eoglishcvisitor might forget that he was in a foreign conntiy , . and imagine that he was walking througli the stables of some English nobleman . . The Emperor's favourite stisedris a dark ; chestnut horse called Phillips , after Mr . PbilliKtjiof Knigntsbridgev of w-honi the Emperor purchased WCfu . jBeis a noble and spirited animal , and is usually ridden by ^ heEmperorTfhen he reviews the trclops , where he distmguishes Limself by his beautiful action and by his habit Of . towing and prancing when he approaches the colours of a regiment . ¦ ¦ ' ¦ - As the Emperor at the same moment raises his hatj-iVfclie--horse and the- rider appear to salute the colours together , to the great delight of the troops ; Both the EmperorV . studand establishment at StV Cloud and that- at Boulogne ,- areunder the superintendence of the premi er liqueur oft his Majesty , Mr . Gamble , who is well known to the ; English sporting world . " ' ,
V; French Manners And Morals. Some Time ...
v ; FRENCH MANNERS AND MORALS . Some time ago . a trial took place before the civil tribunal , in which M . Pavy was plaintiff , and M . Jftriyat , proprietor of the Hotel des Princes , Rue de Bifchelieu , was defendant . The facts out of which it arose were these :: — Among the travellers arriving at the hotel of M . Privat was a lady , whose maiden name was Soubiran , the daughter of a snperior officer in tha French army , and sister of the Princess Ghika , irife of the hospbdar of Moldavia . This lady , still in the freshness of youth , and very handsome , borp the name-of'Madame Pavy , but whether as a widow , or as -taking the name of some person with whom she had had relations not sanctioned by wedlock , did not transpire . After remaining some time at the hotel , M . Privat made her an offer of marriage , which was accepted , and as it is customary , in
France in the marriage contracts to' mention the amount of fortune possessed by the wife before marriage , in order that , in the event of the death or failure of tho husband , she may make her claim , it was declared in that of M . Privat that his wife was possessed of l , 00 , 000 f . in her own right . . The marriage took place , and for some time nothing occurred to disturb tho dornostio felicity of M . Privab , He was at length , h' 6 vWver , astonished bv tho visit of a M . Pavy , who declared himself to be tho real husband of the lady calling licrsolf Madame Privat . __ \ b was supposed , however , that M . Pavy was * h 6 t very anxious' to regain possbssjon of his wife , and that by a pecuniary sacrifice matters might have' been arranged . ' The negotiations on this subject—if there wore anj-r-rfailed , and M . Pavy learning thaY in the marriage contract , of M . Privat ho had declared that his snppbsod wire
nad brought to lurn , lQO , OOQf ., M . Pavv commenced an action against him for this amount , on tho ground that any money in tho possession of Madnme Pavjr \ yaa tho property of her husband , and that M . Privat , having acknowledged to hnvo reeeiy ; ed _ lOQ . OO . Of , from , tho wife of Jw . Pavy , was bound to reator ^ jtto him . , On tho trial it was clearly proved that tbjo , jnarrwgQ of M , and tyUidama Pavy was a legal one in evdjv respect . Thoy had Hvod togothor as man nnu Tvafo for oomVyears without being married , bub after thiaamarringo took place iu England , all || ho necessary fonniilitioH required by ^^ ho JFronqU law being complied with in Franco , and tho parenfsof both tho , husband and tho mia having given their consent . Tho only question , thovofbro , to bo decided by tho ourt \
c wao as o wnonner * vi « aamo vavy , wnon sno married M ,, Privat , had roally boon jpossosaod of tlio 100 , 000 francs , orirhother , for somo private motive , tho mention of thin Hum in tho , marxiago contract was « , fie don . Tho court ; decided on tlip ovidpnw adduced that M . Privnt hud not received nny property with Madame Pavy , and tho oluim of tho plaintiff wfla dismissed , tho court declaring , howovor , at tlio mxmo tiWo that tho marriage of Pwvy was legal and that of Privat null . On tho discovery of tho murrlugo of Mdllo . Soubiran with . M . Pavy , a separation took plaoo between her and M . Privat , but it was stated on tho trial by tho counsel for tho Pjawitlff that it was not ml . This oniled tho affair boforo ** JJ Wil tribunnl , but tho proourour ltnje " rml announced his iiftonUotiof prosecuting Madflmo Pavy o « a charge of Ibi / rumy ,
and the trial took place before the Court of Assize . Evidence as to the marriage of M . and Madame Pavy was given , and the lady , who is now about thirty-four years of age , and appeared before the court in an elegant toilette , admitted tliat she had considered the marriage to be a legal one until M . Pavy himself declared that some of the necessary formalities had been wanting , and that she was perfectly free . This declaration was made according to the statement of Madame Pavy , under the following circumstances : —There were occasional scenes de menage , but nothing like a separation was talked of , until one day a woman from the country called at the house , and asking for Madame Pavy , presented her with a chubby boy about two years old , saying , " Madame , I hsive brought home your child from nurse . " Madame Pavy , who had never been blessed with the honours of maternity , sawthat the woman had come bv mistake to the wrone address .
but made no observation of this kind to her . She desired the woman to wait , and a few minutes afterwards M . Pavy returned , " Your child is come , " said Madame Pavy . The husband look confused , then became angry , acknowledged that the child was his , and declared that he was free to do as he pleased , for the marriage was invalid , and Madame Pavy was as fries as himself . They then agreed to separate , and made a fair division of the little property that they possessed . Madame Pavy , after the separation , paid a visit to her sister , the wife of the hospodar , and eventually found her way to the Hotel des Princes , where , thinking herself free , as she declared , she contracted marriage with 3 VL- Privat . A brilliant defence was made for the prisoner by M . Lachaud , and tie , jury , after deliberating for a quarter of an hour ,, returned a verdict of acquittal .. Madame Pavyv who during the trial was . very calm , had a nervous attack when sjie heard the verdict , and nearly tainted . The portion of the court appropriated to the public was almost exclusively filled ¦ by ladies ; - ; . ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦; . ¦ ¦ ; ¦ . ' ¦ ; - ""• ¦ ¦ . .- ; .: . . . ' ¦ ' ¦ . ¦ . "¦ ¦ ¦ ¦'¦ ¦ ¦ ' :-
• American News. ; ¦ '¦ : . ' :¦¦ ¦ ¦ '¦...
• AMERICAN NEWS . ; ¦ ' ¦ : . ' : ¦¦ ¦ ¦ '¦ . ' . : ' ¦ ¦ ' RiftHTs op ' » ETJTKAiiS . ' - ' . ¦ : ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ;¦ ' ¦ . ¦ ¦ - ' There has just appeared a portion of the recent coirespbndence between the department of State and our diplomatic representatives in "Europe and the representatives of France ^ Englaiid , and Denmark , at -Wasliington , oh the subject qf the rights of neutrals and the claims of b * lligerents in the exfeting war between Great Britain ; France , arid the Ottoman empire on the one side , and the Government of Russia on the other . Mr . Secretary Marcy , in acknowled g ing the satisfaction with which the United States have received the declaration of France and England that , in the war with Russia , tlpse Powers will recognise the doctrine that free-ship make free goods , reserving only the right of searching neutral vessels for articles contraband of war , and of prevehting neutrals ' from bearing the eriemy ' s despatches , and from breaking an
effectiva blockade of the enemy ' s ports , regrets that the concurrence of those , great maritime Powers in » principlfi for wliicli the United States have so long and so strenuously contended as a neutral right should be limited to its practical observance only during the present war , inasmuch as an uneonditional sanctibn of it , combined witll sucli practical observance , would have caused it to be honcefprth recognised throughput the civilised vyorld as a general principle of international law . The exemption of the property of neutrals , not contraband , from seizure and conh ' scation when laden on boaird an eneiny ' s vessel is a right now generally recognised by the law of nations ; and jt would seem that exemption of enemies ' property on board a neutral vessel , which is granted for the present war , was only a just concessioa to tho great interest' of commorce , demanded by the enlightened spirit of the ago . The right of search , " is at best an odious right ; the exercise of which is liable to involve the neutral in serious difficulty with the belligerent , rendering
it , therefore j the interest -of both parties that it should be restricted within the narrowest limitSj and should result in seizure only when that act of high-handed power may tend directly to cripple the enemy and diminish tiis moans nnd faculty of resistance . Though tho right , which the laiv of nations , as interpreted by elementary writers and by decisions of Courts of Adinimliy allows , of searching neutral vessels for articles contraband of war , and for enemies' goods , is so far modified during the present war , by the consent of England and France , ns to exempt from seizure and confiscation enemies'property under a neutral ilag , nevertheless , the xight to search for and setee articles contraband of war on board of neutral vessels still exists , « nd this implies n . lap thq right on the part of fcho belligerent exorcising the search tp ascertain tlio oharactor of tho neutral cargo . It is considered a settled point b y the British Admiralty Courts tlint persistent resistance to lawful search subjects tho neutral vessel so offending to confiscation .
At tho ¦ commencement of tho war , a conversation occurred between tlio United Stated' Minister at London , Mr . Buchanan , and tlio Earl df Clarendon , British Secretary of State ' for Foreign Affairs , on tlio general subject of * privateering , Tho British Minister warmly commended those treaties of tho United States with foreign nations which rosppctivoly contain a stipulation providing for tho punishment as pirntoa of citizens of tho neutral nation party to such treaty who ulmll accopt letters of marque to cruise against tho property of tho other party poing a bolllgcront , « nd would gladly , Mr . Buchanan thought , have negotiated for tho tola ! suppression of privitloering . JDut the Amorican Minister , although admitting tlmt tho
practice wttB subject to groat abuses , and littlo in conformity with tho » pirit of modern civillmttion , could not hold out thp expectation that the l / nitod Status would iigreo to its Buppreasiou , unions , porhapw , iu tho uvwit tliat nnval Powora would go one utop further , and uonaoint that war ngainst jprivato property hhoulil bo abolished altogether on tho ocean , as it hud already beon upon tho land . By so comprohonaivo a reform only could tho United Statos maintain > ts relative . elUolonoy an < " ability to copo in arms with tboso loworn . Tho gi-oat Huporloritjr of thoir mavlos rondorn tho oinjploymonti of privateers l > y thorn a matter of little mo > inoiifc , In oobo qf . war with tho United States , they have crulHora to despatch agaiiiHt our commeroo in every flea , vrhilo our own navy io tjoarcoly ttdcquiuo for tho protfl 6 tion
of our coasts , and we should be compelled to rely entirely upon converting our merchant vessels , thrown out of employment by tho war , into privateers , to inflict upon trieir commerce any corresponding annoyance and obstruction . It is doubtful whether the United States Government would ever consent to this suggestion of Mr . Buchanan , to abolish war against private property on 1 he ocean altogether . Mr Secretary Marcy says the Government is not prepared to listen to any proposition for a total suppression of privat « cring ; that it would tiot enter into any convention to pre - clude itself from resorting to the merchant marine of the country- in case it should become a belligerent party But , in laying restraints upon our own citizens to prevent tlierri from engaging in foreign privateer service , our laws go further , perhaps , than those of any other nation ; and not only upon citizens , but upon all persons resident within our limits , engaged in equipping privateers , receiving
commissions , or enlisting men tHerein tor the purpose of taking part in any foreign war , they impose seTere penalties . The National Intelligencer , American Paper , introducing the correspondence , says— ' ' . ' It indicates a most liberal and just spirit on the part of England and France , and Mr . Marcy correctly anticipated the ' cordial consent and co-operatioa of Russia '; '' for , since these documents were communicated to Congress , a treaty has been concluded with that Power stipulating for the freedom of the seas—that free sliips ihKkc free goods , and that there shall be no privateering during . sthe existence of the , present war . Thus the pacific dispositions of Russia , expressed many years ' since ; - have been rendered practical and effective . ' ¦ . : . - .. - •'¦ . ¦ ¦ . '¦ ' ¦" : ¦ - ' ' •¦ . ¦;' . .. '¦ .. ; . ; . " ?' The result of the arrangement is , that there" are to be no letters of marque issued to private armed vessels during the pending war between the great Powers of Europe . These are , indeed , in the words of one of our foreign representatives , triumphs of the enlightened age over historic reminiscences . "' . '¦ ' .- ' ¦ ' ¦ >
The Know-Nothings-S In The United ¦ ¦;. ...
THE KNOW-NOTHINGS-S IN THE UNITED ¦ ¦; . : . ¦;¦ ¦ ¦ - ' , . ' ¦¦ ¦ ' .. ¦/ STATJES .- . ' "¦ ' .: ' - ¦ ' ' . ' , ' - .. ' ; ( From theTimes ) , A rAiiTY ; has within this year sprung up in , the United States which , under the liarne of " ICnownbthing ; s , ' * is exercising a material influence on public opinion , and controlling mdsit of the elections . In the Eastern states they rule supreme . In Ifew York and Philadelphia they are a niost fdrnaidablo body , and in Virginia and the Southein states they are making rapid strides . Bufc in the west , wjiere the great mass of emigrants ; settles , tlieir influence is the more extraordinary , and in that district their success Ira ' s been unparalleled . There has been for many years in the United States a party which clang to the old revolutionary prejudice against foreigners , and lias never dssisted from protesting against the naturalisation laws . In theyear 1835 it took forni as the native American Association , the principal object of which was declared to be the exclusion from office of persons of foreign , birth . In their address to the people of the United States that Association set forth , the abuses which had grown up under the naturalization laws
and tlie appointments of foreigners to office , and appealed to Americans of all parties to- correct these abuse ? - The Society met with no great sxiccoss ; it was distrusted by . both Whigs , and Democrats ; and it soon closed a short and inglorious existence . Since its ^ dentil foreigners have , up to a late period , not only enjoyed freedom from molestation , but great advances have always been made by candidates fur the office of President both to the Irish and German parties , whose votes have been rewarded by places lavishly bestowed on them .
It is difficult to say which of many causes has brought the Know-nothing party into existence . Archbishop Ilughes ' s attempted interferenco with the State schools and his paper war with General Casa aroused a very angry feeling . The Gavnzzi riots produced ft deep dislilce to tho religion ho denounced , ; for many months each succeeding i ' unday has -witnessed a preaching : in tho park , generally Gliding in a street row . Irish riots in New York have also caused considerable hostility to tho offoiulingracb .
In the early part of this year tho Know-nothing party -was formod , Its name ia derived from n portion of thoir oath , wherein they declare that they will know nothing ngain ^ t tho duties thoy o > vo tn thoir country . Its . birthplace is unknown , nnd it sprang from sources which defy inquiry . It ia baaed on a feeling ' of aversion to foreigners gone-rally , nml to Irish and Konutn Catholics in particular . It w " secret society , tvucl its moinbcrs uro bound by ontli both to secrecy and obedience . TUciro is a grmul council for oaoh State , unil subordinate councils i »> ll >'
bo instituted in smy locality under charter from tho grund council . Ki \ ch candidate for admission must bo introduced by a member , and three ncgativo yoK ^ blnckball . It is supposed to niin at tho ro-enaotuu'iii of tho old naturalization laws , inulcr which foreigner " must have resided fourteun years in the countr / bcforo boiug' adunttetl to the rights of cltiy . u »» hii > . Thoy are also believed to aim ut tho total uliolitiw " of tho Human Cmholic church in tho United States . . They hnvo acorot signs ami symbols , are well armed nnd disciplined , nn < l net well together .
Such Is tho constitution , such are the rtims of this AqBociutJoii , yvhioh tln-ontens n pevilonw conlliot oi races and crccda in tho struggle for tho noxt Froel-
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 16, 1854, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_16091854/page/4/
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