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"The one Idea which. History exhibits as...
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Contents.
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mpimi: nr tuf \a/ffk_ paob ! The Literar...
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VCXL. VI. No. 260.] SATURDAY, MARCH 17, ...
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TTIENISTA speaketli not—although the Ple...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
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"The One Idea Which. History Exhibits As...
" The one Idea which . History exhibits as evermore developing itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—the noble " * endeavour to throw down all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-aided views ; and by setting aside the distinctions of Religion , Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development of our spiritual nature . "—Humboldfs Cosmos . . ___^_
Contents.
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Mpimi: Nr Tuf \A/Ffk_ Paob ! The Literar...
mpimi : nr tuf \ a / ffk _ paob ! The Literary Fund 248 Prussia Perplexed 253 THE ARTS-. NEWS OF THE WEEK- paob The Elections 248 Pauper Labour 253 The Exoosition of the Fine Arts Imperial Parliament £ 12 Lord Dundonald and his Secret 248 " The Stranger" in Parliament ... 254 A ™ Parfs 259 The Old and the New Czar ..... 244 Our Civilisation 248 Art Gossip atBwto ""\\\" . "" . "" . " 260 The Emperor Alexander ' s Mam- | Miscellaneous 249 OPEN COUNCIL— Theatres 260 festo 243 Postscript .-. 249 What we Want 255 ""' ; The War 245 The Sebastonol Committee ...... 245 PUBLIC AFFAIRS- LITERATURE- Births , Marriages , and Deaths ... 261 Gontin ^ itllNotet .. " . ! TL ° !?! 247 The Present and the Coming ... 250 Summary ... „ ......... ; ...... | 56 COMMERCIAL AFFAIRS-^ W & ^^ z B ! 3 ^ Eg £ s gSsa-ggggfeZE i c ^ sgi ^!^ ^
Vcxl. Vi. No. 260.] Saturday, March 17, ...
VCXL . VI . No . 260 . ] SATURDAY , MARCH 17 , 1855 . [ Price Sixpence .
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Ttienista Speaketli Not—Although The Ple...
TTIENISTA speaketli not—although the Plempo-V tentiaries met on Thursday . The guns of Sebastopol are silent ; although the town has been set on fire by atockets . The Balaklava railway-probably attained its full growth just at the-time that the Vienna diplomatists began to nib their pens . Literally , this is the report both from Sebastopol and Vienna .
" We have a Hock of reports and some documents relating to the position of all the chief Governments concerned , from St . Petersburg there are statements that the position taken by the new Czar is decidedly more pacific than that of his father ; but besides the text of his manifesto to the nation , declaring that he intends to carry out the wishes of Pbtbr , Catherine , Alexander , and Nicholas , we have his address to the Guards , conveying to them the last message of Nicholas :
the expression of the late Gzar , that if they were faithful to the family " woe to the enemies of Russia , " is followed up by a warlike address on behalf of the new Emperor himself . There is nothing peaceful here . Nor is there anything peaceful in the continuance of General Wjbdeli / s travelling backwards and forwards between Berlin and Paris , with new expedients to put off the decisive answer for which the Allies ore pressing . Austria is said to be backing into a more peaceful mood ; but the latest official act that we have under the hands of
the Austrian Government is the note of the 8 th , addressed to the German States , and repeating the argument in a previous note , showing that Prussia cannot be permitted to remain neutral , and that the German contingents are to be mobilised for the service outside the confederation . This is a sign that Austria has persevered since the death of the Czar in the course which she had previously been pursuing .
Jn Parliament , the Ordnance and Commissariat Estimates have passed ; and Lord Gkey has taken the occasion " propos des bottcs , " to discuss the Ordnance Estimates in the House of Lords . Ho made a kind of general complaint that Parliament was passing largo votes without examination , although those votes involved items manifestly of an extravagant kind . Ho did not object to the plan of forming largo collections of soldiers , where they can bo trained in camp or brigade exercise , but ho objected to tho disproportionate amount of tho sum set down for the
cost of erecting the barracks- Another objection was , that Government proposed to spend money in fortifications which Lord Gret , supposed to . expensive fortifications of stone ; -whereas the whole tendency of theory and experience in regard to the fortifications confirms the opinion-that earthworks are superior as a means of defence , less expensive , and not necessary , to be constructed" until within a short period of the anticipated attack . A very faint reply was made to
this objection- Still fainter have been the answers to renewed complaints about the deficiencies in the supply of the commodities or the services for which these large sums are paid . Lord Monteagle detected in the Exchequer Bills Bill , where Government have taken a margin of about 500 , 000 ? ., a species of covert advance of money which he thought quite inconsistent with Mr . Gladstone ' s disapprobation of loans ; for such an advance is a loan without calling it so .
The Sebastopol Committee goes on , and we have more of the delinquencies of the- transport , commissariat , and medical departments , established on evidence of men like the Duke of Cambridge , Lord Cardigan , Lord Lucan , and other practical officers . The positive want does not appear to have been so extensive or so excessive as the earlier reports made out ; but the confusion , the absence of system , the disregard of necessary duties , while slavishly taking shelter under forms , perhaps exceeds anything that ordinary newspaper reporters could either convey or
discover . It is now quite clear that the misappropriation of labour in supplying the want of land transport , —tho travelling of cai'goes backwards and forwards between Constantinople and Balaklava while they were actually wanted at Balaklava , —the loss of ships detained outside that confined port on a lee-shore , —were disasters chargeable to Admiral Boxer and Captain Christie , and other subordinates , in the first instance ; and to tho Commantlor-in-Chiof who permitted those officers to continue in office after their deficiencies were proved .
There have been motions in Parliament on other things not connected with tho war , tho chief of which , perhaps , is tho passing of tho mo ' - tion by 87 to 63 , for leave to bring in Mr . IIeywoow ' a bill , authorising the marriage of a widower with his deceased wife ' s sister or niece . There have been 12 , 000 such marriages within the lost twenty years ; and while tho existing law inflicts pain upon tho conscientious , it gives impunity only
to the vicious . Sir Frederick Thesiger summed up the usual arguments founded on " divine right , " " social confusion , " " sanctioning a breach of the law , " & c , with which we have been annually familiarised ; but Lord Palmerston settled the whole question by applying to it the rule " prosunt leges sine moribus "—laws can be of no force unless based upon the customs of the people . Here the law and custom are at variance : Mr . Hetwood proposes to connect them ; and the House of Commons sanctioned the proposal by 87 to 53 . . _ __ ¦ _ ' Mi * . Cobbett has endeavoured to introduce a bill to amend the Factory Law ^ as it was established in the acts of 1847 and 1850 . The _ first of these acts made it unlawful to employ women or young persons for more than ten hours each day in a factory . The second act lengthened by half an hour the daily time on the five first-days of the week , and curtailed the time on a Saturday . By the system of " shifts , " however , many millowners are _ . enabled „ to keep their ^ mills ^ vorkjng ^ or ^^ a ^ very extended time during the day ; and here one calculation of the working classes was frustrated . They expected that if the women and young persons were prevented from working so long a time , the whole business of the factory would to some extent be stopped ; but relays of . the short-time workers prevent that necessity , and thus the adult male labourers make no progress towards short time for themselves , while practically the working day is in many cases extended , even for the women and young persons , although the hours of actual labour do not exceed 10 £ hours . These
abuses Mr . Cobhett proposes to correct , but it is evident that at tho present time it would be impossible to engage tho House of Commons in further interference , and we are convinced that the working classes must look to themselves . This , however , is a point that we shall reserve till next week . Meanwhile , tho refusal of Mr . Cobbutt ' s motion is not likely to allay the feelings of angry discontent which we have already mentioned as mouldering in the factory districts .
Among public proceedings of the week , one of tho most interesting has been tho dinner to General Vivian at the East India House . The General is appointed to command tho corps of the Turkish Irregulars . Ho will be aided by n selection of Indian officer * , ami tho dinner was to him that complimentary greeting on his taking office which Sir Chaklus Nai-ikii had at tho Reform Club on tukiu « - command of tho Baltic Fleet . There was
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), March 17, 1855, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_17031855/page/1/
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