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Ko~, 39&Ociobeb. 1% 1857.] TH1 EEABBB. g...
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NAVAL AND MILITARY. Shipping Disasters o...
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OBITUARY". Earl Fitzhauimnok died at Ber...
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MISCELLANEO US. The Court.—The Qaeea and...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Transatlantic Telegilaril. ( Cormnun...
early 3000 miles under water , and doubts are ensrtained , as to the success * of the undertaking from his cause alone . The gentlemen , however , who superltend the scientific part of the arrangements , appear itisfied that this is amply sufficient for the purpose for hich it is intended . The conducting ~ wlre is compound i order tLat it may have the power of stretching . It i insulated by being coated three times with gutta ercha , which increases its thickness to three-eighths of a inch . If the wire was covered with but one coat of le insulating material , and any defect arose in this : > at , the whole cable would become useless , and a wet air , or a hole of the same size , in the covering , is said ) be sufficient to destroy the insulation , but when three , r even two coats of gutta percha are used , there is : arcely , if at all , a possibility of a defect occurring at le same place in all of them .
The coated wire was manufactured in two-mile lengths , he first of these was connected at one end with a sand attery off two hundred and forty cells for the purpose * testing its insulation , and each new length was then lined on and tested by means of the battery and a galmometer . It had then to be covered with tarred yarn , ad this was accomplished by the serving machine , hich consists principally of a large horizontal wheel , on le circumference of which aie five bobbins each supplied ith a quantity of five-thread yarn . The wire moves owly up through the centre " this wheel , which j volves at the rate of three hundred and seventy-five mes in a minute , and the yarn is thus bound tightly
mnd . it . ihe object of the yarn is to protect the gutta 3 rcha covering during the operation of closing , which > nsists in tightly surrounding the whole with iron wires . he cable contained , - when complete , between four and ve hundred thousand miles of wire , . a quantity nearly ifiicient to reach to the moon and back again , or to icircle the globe sixteen times . The wire used for osing is about the thickness of a moderately sized pin , sven were twisted into one strand and eighteen strands ¦ omul round the cable by a process somewhat similar to lat employed in serving the yarn . Tlie cable was then ve-eighths of an inch in diameter , anil iras completed by sing passed through a tank of hot tar .
The wire covering just described is employed only for le deep-sea part , and might at first appear a very in-Bcient protection for a cable to be laid under such a , ormy ocean as the Atlantic ; but it Ls required only in ic process of laying down , as when the cable is once > dged at the bottom it is entirely out of the reach of essels , anchors , waves , or disturbances of any kind , tut at the shore ends , for fifteen miles from Ireland and ve miles from Newfoundland , the metal covering jquires to be immensely strong , and is therefore comosed of wires one-fourth of an inch in thickness . The cable is as flexible as an ordinary rope , and is tated to bear a strain of four tons . Its * weight is one an per mile , and itd cost 1 O 01 . per mile .
It was originally intended that the half of the cable onstructed at Messrs . Newall ' s works should be shipped n board the Niagara American steam-frigate , and that be other half should be borne by the Agamemnon , each f the vessels being accompanied by a large steam-friate , and that when the squadron had . proceeded to the entre . of the Atlantic , the ends of the cable should he ained . The vessels were then to separate , the Niagara oing on to Trinity Bay , Newfoundland , and the Agaicmnon returning to Valentia Bay , Ireland , and pay ut the cable as they proceeded . But the plan of operaion being altered , a squadron of five , ships-of-war , in-Iuding the Agamemnon and Niagara , started from r alentia with the cable , the end of which was joined to
he shore ; but when about four miles of the shore end lad been paid out , it became entangled in the machinery ; nd that part of the cable being very thick and unyieldig , and the Niagara also slightly rounding at that loment , it snapped . The sunken portion was , however , oon underrun , and joined firmly to tho remainder of the able . The work then proceeded satisfactorily for some ime , but when traversing the two-mile depth about 00 miles from land , it was found that the cable was so arried away by submarine currents that its length vould be insufficient to reach tho opposite- shore . A heck was therefore put upon it , whieli caused it again o part . A length of about 300 miles is consequently DSt for the present , but it is hoped Unit some part may r (\ t . Ill * l * l * f * nVf » 1 »*» l"l 4 "SlTYllVlli til / Irt f ¦ An mit , i lr ,- „ .- ** . ,.. ^ 1 . ,-. t-... « ,. „ r et be recovered . Communication kept bet
was up ween ho vessels and the shore until about four o ' clock on the norning of Tuesday , tho 11 th of August , the time of tho iccidont . It has been suggested that while traversing the twoailo depth ( which was where the accident just ' mentioned iccurrcd ) tho cable should be loaded w ith sliding weights it intervals of a quarter of a mile , - vliiuh would keep ho cable in its place ami thus lessen tho great expenditure consequent upon the action of the submarine mrrentH . The weights being inado to slide like a ring vould not injuriously strain tho cubkv One grout difficulty consequent upon the usual method > f paying out from the storu is tho iiitchiny motion of : ho vesaol , but this might bu avoided by paying out from : ho wide , near tho centre of gravity o * tho vos . mcI .
, It is hoped that iu an ontorpriHo of such great impor-- anco advantage will bo taltcn of every tiling that may end to diminish the riak of accidents Hiniilur to those ivmch have occurred in tho first experiment . F . . U . IlAKKIt .
Ko~, 39&Ociobeb. 1% 1857.] Th1 Eeabbb. G...
Ko ~ , 39 & Ociobeb . 1 % 1857 . ] TH 1 EEABBB . ggg ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ K ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ¦ — i —
Naval And Military. Shipping Disasters O...
NAVAL AND MILITARY . Shipping Disasters ox the Eastehn Coast . —Several serious casualties occurred last week among the shipping on the eastern coast . The brig Fame , of Yarmouth , came into collision with the schooner Lamplighter , of Rye , and sank almost immediately . The craw of the Fame were saved and landed at Scarborough . A collision , in which both vessels sustained considerable damage , also took place between the Ardwell and the Maid of Kent . The brig Sprey , of Whitstable , struck on the Holm Sand , off Lowestoft ; she afterwards floated , but having lost her rudder , became unmanageable . In this condition she drifted against two other vessels , and drove them from their anchors . Eventually die sank off Corton . The crew were saved . The Reinforcements fob India . —A large number of troops belonging to the East India Company ' s Artillery , and the Company ' s Sappers and Miners ,, arrived at Tilbury Fort last . Saturday , from the depot barracks , Warley , for embarkation on two ships , Malabar and Bengal , which will sail to Madras . The total number which embarked in both ships is 390 . —In accordance with regimental orders , the officers , non-commissioned officers , and men of Captain J . E . Thring's company , 2 nd battalion , and Captain A . SI . Calvert ' s company , 11 th battalion , Royal Artillery , under orders for India , assembled on parade at seven o'clock last Saturday
morning , and , after inspection , the companies formed in marching order , and proceeded , from the garrison to the Arsenal Station of the North Kent Railway , where a special train was provided for their conveyance to Southampton . —The screw steamship Australasian left Southampton on Monday for India , carrying with her 3 officers and 110 men of the sixth company 11 th battalion , and 6 officers and 111 men of No . 8 , Captain J . E . Thring ' s company , 2 nd battalion , Royal Artillery . The late Gax , e . —Further reports have been received of damage to shipping and of loss of life along the southern coast during the recent high wind .
A New Batteky is about to be erected at Stallingborough , Lincoln . It will command the channel , above and below , and will mount six guns ,, made to traverse on centres embedded in masonry . There will be a parapet of brickwork , and the whole is to be covered externally with earthwork . Magazines , barracks , and outbuildings are to be provided for the accommodation of two officers , forty men , and one master gunner , and the area of the whole will be about two hundred and fifty feet square . The works are to be completed in four months . ¦ VonnrTEERS for India .. —The greater number of the men belonging to the Royal Lancashire Militia Artillery have volunteered to go to India , The 1 st Eegiment of Derbyshire Militia has also offered itself .
Wreck of Two Greenland Whalers . —Two fine whale ships , the Undaunted and the Gipsy , of Peterhead , were wrecked in Melville Bay when prosecuting the whale fishery in June and July . The Undaunted got entangled among the heavy- floating ice , and was crushed about fifty miles north of the Devil ' s Thumb on the 28 th of June , and the Gipsy met a similar fate at the same place , on the 11 th of July . The crews saved themselves bj' the boats , and got on board the ships Emma , of Hull , and Victor , of Peterhead , and were afterwards distributed among other vessels , until they got to the Danish settlement of Lively , where they were kindly treated until an opportunity offered by which they got home in a Danish brig , from which they were landed last week at Ler-wick . They report that the Davis Straits fishery had been most unsuccessful up . to the 1 st of August , only six whales having been killed by the whole fleet .
Shipwreck . —The Lexington steamship , during the gale on the 8 th hist ., went on the rocks off Bray Head , near Valentin , and was totally lost . The crew escaped , with , it is feared , three exceptions . Loss of Seven Lives at Sea . —An American barque , the Warden , laden with railway iron , from Newport for Boston , was wrecked on S-anton Sands , about five miles from the Barnstuple Lighthouse , on Friday week . The crew consisted of eleven , seven of whom were drowned , the captain and three men only being saved . Mutin y ano Massacre . —A French seaman , a black cook , and au Irish liul , on the British vessel Albion Cooper , have murdered the oilicers of that ship , which they set on fire , and got off with 2 QQI . They have since fallen into the hands of tho Spanish authorities at llavaiinah .
Obituary". Earl Fitzhauimnok Died At Ber...
OBITUARY " . Earl Fitzhauimnok died at Berkeley Castle , Gloucestershire , last Saturday night , in tho seventy-first year of his age . It will bo recollected that ho Avaa thrown from his hor . se last February , and that ho sustained some injuries from which he seems never to havo recovered . He was a Liberal in politics , and was olevatod to tho peerage , with tho title of Karon Sograve , by the Earl Grey administration . In 1811 , ho was made Earl Fit / . hardingc , just previous to tho retirement of the Melbourne Government . His Lor . lship never married , and consequently tho earldom and tho barony of Sejrrave are extinct . Ho was the eldest son of the fifth Ejirl of I ic . rkeley ; but , after an investigation hoforo tho Iloviflo of Lords ) , ho was adjudged to havo no claim to succeed that nwblumun as there were doubt a of Iiia logitimncv .
Miscellaneo Us. The Court.—The Qaeea And...
MISCELLANEO US . The Court . —The Qaeea and Royal family left Balmoral on Wednesday morning , at half-past eight o clock , to visit the Earl of Aberdeen , at Hadda-Wae . She , was received at the park avenue by the Ho * Colonel Alexander Gordon and five hundred of the Earls tenantry on horseback . The tenantry presented an address to her Majesty . Lord Aberdeen received , the Queen at the landing , and conducted her to the balcony , on the . staircase , whence she acknowled ged the saluta tions of the people , while the horsemen defiled before the louse . The weather was very fine . Bonfires-were kindled in all parts of the estate . The Queen left Haddo-house at eleven o ' clock on Thursday morning , and arrived at Aberdeen by half-past one . Here she was escorted by the Magistrates and Town Council
through the city . She then started by train for Edinburgh , stopping on the way at the Bridge of Dun , Perth , and Stirling , and reaching the Scotch capital at twelve minutes before seven . Her Majesty -was received on the platform by the Duke of Buccleugh , Tiscount Melville , the Sheriff , and the other authorities . The Royal carriages passed through the park , which was lit with torches , while the hills blazed with , bonfires , and reached Holy rood Palace a little after seven . Her Majesty left Edinburgh at a quarter to eight yesterday morning , and crossed the Tweed at a quarter after nine . The weather at first was cold and rainy , with an east wind , and then settled into a dense fog . The time was kept to a minute to Berwick-on-Tweed . The train left York at ¦ fi ve-and-twenty minutes to two yesterday afternoon , being one minute after the stipulated time .
Australian Coppek Mines . — The arrival of each mail from South Australia brings fresh evidence of the great extent of her mineral deposits by the discovery of copper mines . Another is mentioned on the present occasion , but at the same time it is stated that hands suited for this description of labour are inadequate to the demand , and it is recommended that the superfluous mining ijopulation of Cornwall and Devon should emigrate to these localities , where high wages would be given , and the mineral resources be effectually developed . The copper mines of South Australia are well known throughout the world for their great yield and richness , yet many , such as Port Lincoln and others , remain unproductive , in a commercial sense , from the difficulty of obtaining miners . —Mining Journal .
Marriage of Miss Catherine Hayes . —A small circle of intimate friends witnessed on Thursday week , at St . George's , Hanover-square , the marriage of Miss Catherine Hayes , the singer , to Mr . William Avery Bushnell , a citizen of New York . The Kev . Edmund Hobhouse , B . L \ , Fellow of Merton College , Oxford , has been nominated to the new Bishopric of Nelson , New Zealand , and will be consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury as soon as the necessary legal formalities can be completed . . The Nightingale Fund . —In reply to a letter inquiring , " What has become of the large sum collected , for the purpose of erecting a memorial of the services of
Miss Nightingale ? " Mr . S . C . Hall says that the money collected—amounting to 41 , 851 / . 7 s . 4 d . ( since augmented by other subscriptions )—was paid on the 20 th of June into the hands of five trustees , appointed by Bliss Nightingale to receive it . They invested the sum in Government securities , bearing interest . Unhappily the state of Miss Nightingale's health doe 3 not , as yet , enable her to apply that fund to the purpose for which it was raised , and for which purpose alone she consented to receive it ; viz ., ' to establish an institution for the training , sustenance , and protection of nurses and hospital attendants . ' A report , accompanied by a balance-sheet of receipts and expenditure , has been published by direction of the committee .
Herat was evacuated by the Persian troops on the 27 th of July . Tiik Crimean Patriotic Fund . —With respect to the charges brought by Archbishop Cullen against the administration of the Patriotic Fund—charges which -were denied by Lord St . Leonards and reiterated by the Duke of Norfolk—tho following letter to tho Duke has been published : — " Boylo Farm , Oct . 10 . —My Lord , —I have tho honour to acknowledge tho receipt of your Grace ' s letter . I believe that the manner in which tho sums entrust ed to tho Commissioners of the Patriotic Fund havo becu dealt with as far as they havo been finally appropriated ia already before tho public ; , but the Royal Commissioners will , no doubt , reassemble before the meeting of Parliament , when your Grace ' s letter to me can bu brought under their consideration . I havo tho honour to be , my Lord , your Grace ' s faithful servant , —St . Leonards . "
Upkninu of a Dry Dock in tiik Mauritius . —Tho IStli of July was signalized in the Mauritius by tho opening of a vast dry dock , and all tho ctitu of tho inhabitants assembled to witness tho entrance therein of the Northern Light , a vessel of some KjOO tons burden . Financks ok xiu ; City CoitpoitATioM . —A question as to tho stute of the City linanccs having for somo thno past , boon reneiilcdly urged upon I ho . consideration of the Court of Common Council , h Special Uovi-iiuo Committee w / ia appointed to inquiro and ivpoit upon tho subject . After careful consideration , tho committee- nmdo thoir report , which bus just boon priutod , and of which the following is an abstract : —'" It appears that tho total
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 17, 1857, page 11, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_17101857/page/11/
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