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qaq The Saturday Analyst and Leader. [No...
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THE ILLUMINATIONS !* W E have recently h...
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FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. SrECIAL. Hanover...
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• A, Manual <\ f Jlhinftiatiqn on Papqv ...
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MISCELLANEOUS WORKS. Macbwootfi Shilling...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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What Is London? T T" Ondon Is The World'...
districts The arrangement and classification arc modelled after the lucid Inn of the parerif Directory , and the map is extremely iiseiul for reference . The work is a considerable contnbutxoti to our ltinerarian liter ature /'
Qaq The Saturday Analyst And Leader. [No...
qaq The Saturday Analyst and Leader . [ Nov . 17 , 1860
The Illuminations !* W E Have Recently H...
THE ILLUMINATIONS !* W E have recently had the illuminations intended to celebrate the Prince of Wales' birthday , and the light which was thrown on the dark machinations of Guy Fawkes , but the illuminations we allude to in the present article are of a much less trivial and a much . more ingenious character / as may be seen by a glance at the little work to which our article refers . It opens with a succinot historical account of the art of illumination , which ia very interesting , as the sources where the fullest information on the subject can be indicated . As a specimen of modern illuminated works , we may refer to one described in another column under the head of " Ornamental Literature . Thw . other outline
portions of the work are devoted to " materials ; " " ( wjich embraces the heads of " initials " and " borders" ) , " . colouring (^ ch is an extehsire and elaborate part , containing some useful tables ) , and " gilding . " Then follows an appendix on " landscape , " " figure , « styles , " " copying , " and" design . " Altogether this is an useful manual , and teaches an elegant accomplishment , well adapted for dissipating the tedium of eraft « a , and affording harmless and ingenious recreation . The ancients had made considerable progress in the art of illumination , a single work produced prior to the commenqement of the Christian era contained no less than 700 effigies . But we must refer to the work itself , simply stating that it contains some very interesting information .
Foreign Correspondence. Srecial. Hanover...
FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE . SrECIAL . Hanover , Nov . 13 , I 860 . nrVEIE danger attending the presence of llungarians and Italians I in the federal fortresses is rendered evident by the fact that several Italian soldiers have attempted to escape from the fortress of Mayenee , across the frontier . This fully justifies the outcry which was raised by the press against the selfish policy of the Austrian Government in removing the German-Austrian troops from the fortresses of Mayence , Uhn , and Rastatt , and supplying their places by discontented Hungarians and Italians . This endeavour to desert now proves how weil-fouiided are the fears of the press and people , that in case of war these troops are not to be relied upon , either within or without the walls The garrison of Mayence consists , in time of peace , half of Austrian troops r and half of Prussians , together 8 , 000 mem The war ; garrison of 20 , 891 men is composed one-third of Austrians , one-third of Prussians , and one-third of troops belongiri g to the contingents of the smaller German States . The peace garrison of IJlni is composed of Bavarian and Wurtemberg troops , to which Austria adds two companies of artillery ; the war garrison of Uhn , from 10 , 000 to 20 , 000 men , is composed one-third of Austrian and twor-thirds of Bavarian and
Wurtembefg troops . The peace and the war garrison of Rastatt is composed of Austrian , Prussian , and Baden troops . Of the war garrisons in the federal fortresses , Austria has to supply , upon the whole , 17 , 167 men ; Prussia , 14 , 447 ( including the garrison of Xiuxemburg ); Bavaria , 11 , 189 , the garrison of Landau included ; Wurteraberg , 5 , 828 ; Baden , 7 , 024 ; Luxemburg , 1 , 565 ; the so-called reserved division—that is , the smaller states-r—16 , 045 . By these figures it is seen how large a share Austria has in the watch and ward of the frontiers of Germany against France . No one can be surprised that the people view these changes of troops with misgivings and fear ; but it is singular that the Prussians are , of all , the most indifferent in the matter . Even in
peace the spirit of the garrison may be affected unfavourably by the mixture of foreign elements . If , however , in Wax a part of the garrison should be composed of troops who are nationally or politically inimical to the German cause , or who may be inclined to regard we enemy as their natural friend and ally , such a garrison , it is tolerably certain , would not tend in any degree to strengthen the defence , but would , on the contrary , enfeeble and shake the confidence of the rest of the garrison , who would feel that they had enemies within aa well as without . * This change of troops is regarded as a sure sign that Austria has made upner mind for another collision in Italy . This military measure is , under the circumstances , so comprehensible and natural , that the consent of the Pederal Diet has been viewed quite as a matter of course , and therefore no question lias been
made of it . The people are , however , by no means satisfied with this tacit acquiescence oithelXiet in so important a matter , at a moment when Germany is in danger of being entangled in a general European war . Will the Confederation , and more especially will the confederates , whohave tosupply contingents to the garrison of the federal fortresses , tolerate this exchange of troops ? The question ia such avital one for the security of the German frontier , that one might suppose it had been foreseen and provided against by the iDiet . But , manifold has have been the labours of the Military Communion a $ Frankfort upon the jnilitary constitution of the Confederation , no decision has yet been arrived at as to whether those Governments possessing territories not belonging to the Germanic Confederation have the right to form their federal sontingonts of Gorman or foreign troops according to their convenience and , pleasure . The federal military constitution merely
declares against the amalgamation of the contingents of the smaller states Avith those of the two great German Powers , " object of which is to preserve the independence of the smaller states . . Austria has indeed custom on her side , for not only for - merly , in time of peace / has Austria placed Italian and Hungarian troops in German fortresses , but also during the last war , and , as far as is known * no official objections were made against it . This question , at the first view , may appear to be exclusively a German home question ; but it is also of vast importance to that nation which is supposed to be the natural ally of Germany against
Francej to know of what elements the garrisons of the fortresses which guard the frontiers are composed . With such troopsin her chief strongholds , Germany offers the fairest field to France to obtain military triumphs , and to nullify , as in the time of old Napoleon , the defeats she met with in every other quarter of the world . When the German papers assert , as they have been asserting lately , recriminating upon the attacks of the Tivies , that the alliance of Germany is absolutely necessary to England , we need but point to the fortresses of Mayence , Uhn and Rastatt , and call their attention to the nationalities represented by their
garrisons and the chances of surrender . The Austrian Government does not appear to have much confidence in the maintenance of peace , or rather the peaceful professions of the Emperor of the French . The Court knows , doubtless , more than the newspapers can tell us ; and proceeds therefore , with as much haste and energy as the state of the finances will allow , to provide the army with all the newest improvements in cannons and rifles . Garibamji stands spectre-like in the foreground , and behind him the man of the . Tuileries . Th . Q Borsen Halle contains the following letter from Vienna , under date Nov . 4 : — " We have it from a trustworthy source that a Government messenger has just arrived here with such imporfcaut dispatches from Paris , that Count Rechbkrg was induced to start immediately for IscM for
the purpose of communicating , personally the contents to . the Emperor . " There is also a great agitation observable in the Foreign O ffice , which can only be attributed to the arrival of the said dis r patches from Paris . Unless we deceive ourselves , the alarming report of Prince Metternich resolves itself into a conviction on the part of the Prince , that the intervention of France ia the eventual war between Austria and Italy is a settled affair , whether Austria continues on the defensive or proceeds to the attack . What Austrian diplomacy could fathom in Paris has been fathomed . France is not only preparing lierself for the war against Prussia and Germany , but is also placing herself in a position to meet the h this last is
eventuality of a warlike conflict with England , althoug at the present moment in Paris considered to be the least probable . The continuous warlike preparations prove that France ip resolved to take a part in the coming war between Austria and Italy . Add to this , the portentous information which has reached the Court at Vienna through a confidential channel , that whole parks of the heaviest siege artillery are Toeing sent from the French arsenals to Piedmont . In consequence of these evil tidings it is becoming the question among the advisers of the Emperor whether it would not be wisest , under such circumstances , at once to adopt the initiative , and venture a decisive blow . The question will assuredly be discussed , but whether the discussion will lead to a positive result in favour of an eventual offensive policy
is somewhat doubtful . . A letter from Trieste , dated the 5 th inst ., says : — " Early this morning the territorial battalion of fusileers was commanded into the court-yai'd of the grand barracks to take the oath of allegiance . At nine o ' clock 1 , 200 were drawn up in the court-yard , where , in the presence of Brigadier Reuchlin , the ceremony was to take place . The form of oath having been read , the other forms were about to be proceeded with when a low murmur was heard frointhe ranks . The men refused to take the oath , it being contrary to ancient traditional and historical custom . As the men evinced a disposition to
resist , and , moreover , had fixed their sword-bayonets , the brigadier ordered the colours to be taken back to the court-house , and sent the militia homo . ' Phis was effected amidst the shouts aud cheers of a great crowd of people , The company which escorted the colours to the court-house , on returning to the court-yard , demanded that the " National Hymn" should be played by . their own band . Several officers have already sent in their resignation . Instances of similar acts of insubordination are constantly alluded to in private letters from different parts of the Austrian Empire , and tend to prove the small prospects of success that Austria has in a wax * oven against Sardinia , much less againsb France . The turbulent occurrences in Posth have subsided , xno Comitate am > oar to be accomodatinff themselves gradually to no
new order of things . If Austria has really given up her centralising policy and her old system of repression , thero is a prospeot ot restoring the ancient peaceful relations between thy German Austrians and the Hungarians , or perhaps it would do inoro correct to say between the Ejkpjskok and the higher and uuucuo classes of Hungary .
• A, Manual <\ F Jlhinftiatiqn On Papqv ...
• A , Manual <\ f Jlhinftiatiqn on Papqv ami Vallum , . By J . W . Brndloy , T } , A .. npd an Aniiondlx foy P . a , Goodwin , U . A .,, with twolvo IHUogwplilo Uluutrfttlons . tpndPwMvinsorftnaWowton , 38 , K « tUUono-piww , 180 j 1 .
Miscellaneous Works. Macbwootfi Shilling...
MISCELLANEOUS WORKS . Macbwootfi Shilling ScribbUng Dlnru for 1801 . London : Jnmoa JUucluvood , FAtoiuofltor-rovY . This diary contains u postal district > nap , an almanack * nnd tho ufliml information . It is of convenient ) and Biiifcublo dirnonsiona for laying on thq . table and not getting miejaicl , and at enoh opening there arc » no even days of thp wook at a glanoo , with blotting p « por intorlouvoa . It is not liable to the objection urged against memorandum t > oolfe W a perpon , of short ) memory to whom tho wo of one w » fl roooxnmonclou
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 17, 1860, page 10, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_17111860/page/10/
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