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1366 THE LEADER. [No. 508. Pec. 1?, 185Q
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THE PROBLEM SOLVED IN OUDE. Osr the 22ii...
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LATEST INDIAN INTELLIGENCE. Br the arriv...
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FOREIGN INCIDENTS.
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Savagery in Modern: Warfaui:.—Mr. Mclend...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Wagiier Expedition. It Is Said That ...
that his inability to halt under a pursuit caught up by successive columns becomes as ruinous as defeat . These districts have been disturbed long enough , and it is time the rebels should feel that native sinews are no match for European organisation . — Friend of India .
1366 The Leader. [No. 508. Pec. 1?, 185q
1366 THE LEADER . [ No . 508 . Pec . 1 ? , 185 Q
The Problem Solved In Oude. Osr The 22ii...
THE PROBLEM SOLVED IN OUDE . Osr the 22 iid October the Governor-General , surrounded by a splendid cortege , and followed by a large escort , entered Lucknow in state . We leave the description of the procession , the plaudits , the stately ceremonial , the investiture of the princes with insignia , the smooth speeches and smoother obeisances , to the pens which delight in such details . Suffice it to say , Lord Canning entered the capital of Onde in the true position—as conqueror , as well as Viceroy—and went through the reception of the nobles without that mock humility which so often deforms bur ceremonial observances . On the following Monday all landholders of Oude were received in open durbar , and the Governor-General uttered the following address : —
" Talookdars of Oude , —I am glad to find myself in your country , and amongst you , and to have this opportunity of speaking to you in the name of the Queen , your Sovereign . . "A year has not jmssed away since this province was the seat of anarchy and war . The conduct of its people had been such that the Government was compelled to lay a heavy hand upon it . But peace and order are now restored to every corner of Oude , and 1 am come to speak to you not of the past , but of the future . " You have , all of you who are here present , received yesterday the grants of those estates which the Government has restored to you .
" You will have seen by the terms of those grants that the ancient talookadaree system of Oude is revived and perpetuated . " Be assured that so long as each one of you is a loyal and faithful subject , and a just" master , his rights and dignity as a talookdar ¦ will be upheld by me , and by every representative of your Queen , and that no man shall disturb them . " You will also have seen by those grants that the same rights are secured on the same conditions to your heirs for ever . " Let this security be an encouragement to you to spend your care , and time , and money , upon the improvement of your possessions .
"As the Government has been generous to you , so do you be generous to those who-hold under you , down to the humblest tiller of the soil . Aid them , by advances of money and other indulgences , to increase the productiveness of the land , and set them an example of order and obedience to your rulers . " Let the same security in your possessions encourage you te bring up your sons in a manner befitting the position which they will hereafter occupy as the Chiefs of Oude . Learn yourselves , and teach them , to look to the Government as a father .
Ghazeepore . Native society is permitted to develop in its own way , that way being , we may remember , also ours . A strong native aristocracy is replaced in power , and protected from poverty by a perpetual settlement . They are to grow rich undisturbed by the tax-gatherer , and dreading only a revolution , Avhich may make it possible for a native Prince to re-arrange their tenure . The people are consigned to their natural lords , to men whom , when society had broken ' up , they themselves reappo . inted , and who with all their vices are at least subject to restraints unfelt by native officials . They may be oppressed , but they will also be protected ; they may be heavily taxed , but the fruit of that taxation
will at . least be spent among themselves . Henceforward , if we may trust the precedent of Bengal , Oude will afc worst remain politically passive . The landholders may continue to hate the Europeans . ' They may chafe at their exclusion from politics , at that interruption of all careers which necessarily results from conquest . They may fret at what seems to them the insolent familiarity of the brusque Englishman , or the rapid rise of the low born vermin who hang around our courts . But chafing or satisfied , fretful or content , they know that no native Prince would respect the settlement an hour , and the settlement is their Golden Bull . It is not the rich vrho make revolutions .
We write , of course , on the assumption that the apparent is also the true meaning of the Governor-General ' s speech . If it is not , if the sentence which promises a perpetual settlement , * is to be kept like the sentence which promised Englishmen exemption from the severities of the Press Act , the effect of the concession will be rendered null . The discontented class will then have been made the strongest , and the landholder , subjected to an evervarying taxation , will still sigh for the ruler under whom wealth may at least be accumulated by intrigue . We do not , however , believe there is any arrivre pensee in the matter . The Perpetual Settlement is conceded to Oude .
We will not mar our thorough approval of the measure by an analysis of its bearing on the Oude Proclamation , and the recent despatch to Lord Stanley . It is enough for us that India benefits by a wise policy , however recently adopted , and we remember only with a smile that the men no \ v enriched for ever , raised permanently to , the . rank of nobles , are the same whom the same ruler doomed one short year since to expiate a " commoncrime by a common rctcibutio . 11 . "—Friend of India .
" Talookdars : I trust that there are none amongst you who are so infatuated as to believe that the Government has had designs against your religion . Even if there be any such I will not condescend to repeat the assurances which they have already received on thisjhead . I leave it to time , and experience , and . their own senses to dispel their perverse suspicions . But for their own sakes , I warn them not to be led into acts of opposition or distrust towards the Government by the false tales of designing men .
* ' Lastly , Talookdars , whenever on any matter you have doubts to be resolved or wishes to make known , address yourselves to the Chief Commissioner . Ho will tell you the truth in all things . He is the high and ( rusted representative of the Government in Oude , and depend upon it , ho will be your best adviser and your truest friend . ' I wish that I could speak to you in your own language . That whioh I have said will now bq interpreted to you , and I enjoin you to boar it in your memories . "
Wo read and road again that speech with over increasing surprise . Were not the policy of Lord Canning a kind of mirage of statesmanship , always promising and always delusive , his present action in Oude might atone for many of the errors which , for the past two years , have roused the scornful wonder of his countrymen . If the words uttered at the Durbar mean anything— -and uttered in such a place , at such a time , they should bo as binding as an Englishman ' s honour—the problem of Qude is solved . Stumbling and groping along , knocking down much of priceless vulue in hie path , Lord Canning has blundered into light . The true polioy for India , repudiated for fifty years by the Court of Directors , feared and calumniated by every old Indian , hoe been allowed free play once more , for ta © first time since Lord Cornwaflia was burled at
Latest Indian Intelligence. Br The Arriv...
LATEST INDIAN INTELLIGENCE . Br the arrival of the Overland Mail we have received advices from Calcutta to Nov . 8 . The papers are much taken up with Lord Canning ' s tour through Oude and the Upper Provinces . On Oct . 29 the Governor-General and the Commander-in Chief departed for Cawnpore . The show and ceremonial of the week are stated to have been successful , but it is said that they have given great offence
to Europeans at Lucknow . The rules for compensation to sufferers by the mutiny have been issued . The loss , in support of which primd facie evidence was laid before the commissioners , amounts to Rs . 2 , 07 , 83 , 214 , and there are further claims to the extent of Rs . 32 , 07 , 783 , which are doubtful . To meet this it is expected the sum of Rs . 80 , 000 , 000 will bo sufficient , but on no account is more than a million sterling to be given , which sum is to be remitted to India in the course of this cold season . A distinction is made between real nnd personal property . In the easo of real property , where the amount of the admitted loss shall not exceed Rs . 2 , 000 , one-half shall he awarded , and where the loss exceeds that sum , Rs . 1 , 000 shall bo given , and one-third of the surplus . Losers of personal property are to receive one-third of the admitted loss , but in no case shall more than Rs . 5 , 000 be granted . Compensation commissioners l > ave beon appointed in lthe NorthWest
dense jungle on . a bend of the Cane river , which runs in a north-easterly direction from the frontier of the Saugor and Nerbudda territory to the Jumna between Chutterpore and Punnah . By the last intelligence , Brigadier Wheeler and his staff had arrived at Nagode and assumed command of the head-quarters column , consisting of the 2 nd Sikhs two companies of her Majesty ' s 43 rd , and the Bij . notir Rajpoot Levy . The plan for scourhv- the jungles is likely to be successful . Prom the " south and west , three columns under Colonel Primrose her Majesty ' s 43 rd ; Colonel Oakes , 12 th Koyal Lancers ; and Colonel Nott , 19 th Madras Native Infantry , are inarching on them . From Saugor Colonel Ross advances with his Camel Corns , and ' from Banda , Colonel Turner of the 97 th . Alexander ' s Horse guards the road from Ghysabod to IJuttah . Preparations arc being made for a campaign on the Oude frontier . Most circumstantial accounts of the . death of Nana Sahib again abound
Benga , - , the Punjaub , Oudo , Rnjpootana , and Central India , to conduct the necessary inquiries . Not later than two months after closing the inquiries the amount conceded will bo paid . Insurance companies receive nothing . No question of the Iosb of profits can bo entertained . A bank will receive only a third of tho value of its buildings . If the full million is really given , it is believed , with such important exceptions as these , most of the claims will bo met . Of the Wagners there is little further to record . Tho assault on Beyt scorns to have beon sadly mismanaged . One account says thore were only iao men in tho fort , But tho wholo strength of tho pirates is centred in Dwarka , and there tho struggle is oxpected to be deadly , The force landed on tho 20 th of October . Up to tho 24 th , beyond the capture of a small fort , nothing had been done , war Btores had boon sent for from Bombay and Kurrachee . Tho campaign in Bundleound has begun , fforoiso Shah , Furzund All , and Runamust Singh are in a
Foreign Incidents.
FOREIGN INCIDENTS .
Savagery In Modern: Warfaui:.—Mr. Mclend...
Savagery in Modern : Warfaui :. —Mr . Mclendez gives the following account of an action between the Spaniards and Moors , from the letter of a friend of his who was an eye-witness :- * - " Echague ordered a square to be formed and , at the impetuous charge pf the Moors , the soldiers of tire square retired . The enemy , imagining that they were flying , rushed impetuously against the square , which , opening itself of a sudden , disclosed a battery . More than 200 Moors perished . Another division came then , and prevented the- Moors from escaping . The fight became a horrible butchery ; the Moors threw away their muskets and fought with their peculiar long daggers , called " gumias . "' The Spanish soldiers
found themselves quite at honic in . this sort . of struggle . They also threw away their rifles and seized their navajus . Nothing could equal the ferocity of the combatants . My friend says it is impossible to form an adequate idea of this / ij > ht . A . Spanish soldier slew three Moors with his knife , ami yet he had his face dreadfully cut by the " guinias . ' Many had their entrails hanging on their legs , and went on . more fiercely than ever . Not a shot was then to be heard . Spanish artillerymen , chasseurs , and even officers were fighting knife in haiul . 200 Moors were killed in this savage combat , and nearly a thousand fearfully wounded . The Spanish loss was also very great .
Another Royajl Bi ; tkotu . v [ , . —The Prince of Orange , who has beou sojourning at Vienna , is publicly announced to have entered into tin engagement with Archduchess Maria Theresa , the daughter of Archduke Albrecht , Viceroy ol' Hungary , and one of the more intellectual princes of liapsburg . The news was thought likely to create some sensation in England , the Prince having for some time past been looked upon as the bridegroom elect of one of the fair daughters of Queen Victoria . That the Netherlandcrs will be anything but satisfied at the prospect of a Roman Catholic Queen is undoubted . Tho young Archduchess has not yet reached her sixteenth yaw .
This Population ov China . —The last census ol China gave 414 , G 8 < VH ) 4 ; and the more wo learn ot tlio Chinese empire the less reason does there appear to think that tho number of its enormous population has been exaggerated by its native authorities . From Arbeiten dcr Hussive / tcn Ucwdt-sclm / ' » ' * Pehimj uber China , it appears that the population ot thy empire has been steadily increasing , in 1757 , the census gavo only ltM ) ,: 34 S ,: i 2 Hs in 17 H 0 , it jfnyo 277 , 5-16 , 431 j in 1812 , there were , 'itil , 0 i >; J , l 71 » , aim m 1841 , tho second hist census ncoesbible , -I l . ,-l . " 7 ,. 'Ul . notion
Itisnot easy to reconcile these facts with the so often expressed , that China is in a state of decadence , and requires to have its life renewed by an infusion of foreign elements . . If such ho the case—if it' should turn put that thcro lias been a largo decrease of tho population during tho lusc seventeen years , when loicign clonionts have boon so largely ¦ nfi ' eoUng it , then may ic bo concluded that those , which are to restore Uiinft to health and vigour , have boon , in tho drat instance , tho causes of its illness and decay . It « loos not loilow that when n , country ' s population increases , us nrosnoritv inorensos also , any more than that a snoop
improves whon it changed from oiio nniuuu into a . thousand maggots . Tho quality of tho population is , of course , also to bo tnlten into account ; «»« n country like England is in a moro prosperous condition , which has only a fow millions of iiblo wi « well principled nion , than ono llko India whluli »« s its loss powerful myriads . But with tlio hierciisci ox population in China during tho last contury , moru has not beon , so far as indications ox 1 st , any corrosponding deterioration , of tho individual ., ilQ ^' It seems that up to 1842 , and for at loust a > om rj ' before , Ciiina was in a flourishing ivnd progressive state .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 17, 1859, page 10, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_17121859/page/10/
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