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[S lawsThe Cortes ive their sanction to ...
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CONTINENTAL NOTES. France.—Louis Napoleo...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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New Metropolitan Commission Of Sewers.—M...
S ^^^^ " = ^ IfoiS ^ tended to * how that the pipes necessary SSaSKft o" £ me prodigious amount-lO or _ 20 Sons he believed . But arguments ^ that . kind S little weight against even untned inventions ; they had no weight at all against the progressive attention of plans already successful on a small scale . Gas lighting had been opposed by similar computations of the prodigious expenditure m pipeage which its extension would involve . But when Murdoch had shown that a single factory could be
lighted with gas economically , it was clear that a street , —that ten streets , —that a town , —that all the towns of Europe , —might be piped with advantage , though the operation might absorb millions upon millions . So the success of a single farm—and there were already several scores—laid out with irrigating pipes , warranted anticipation of a time when the whole soil of this country would be similarly organised , and when the difficulty would be , not to dispose of town refuse , but to satisfy the claimants for a , supply . Already all Flanders was honey-combed with tanks for the reception of town soil , which the peasants carried out in barrels , and spread by means of ladles on the land . That vast sandy waste , called
the Campine , a sort of Sahara in Belgium , was being rapidly fertilised by irrigation with similar refuse ; and M . Bellefroid , of the Belgian Ministry of Agriculture , had told him that he knew of companies which were making 16 percent , by these operations . There were vast tracts of barren sand south-west of London ; wastes purchasable at 10 / . or 12 / . an acre , and which might be made to produce as much as that annually , by a liberal application Of town sewage . The Thames below London was skirted by 0 . marshy tract , varying from 2 or 3 to 5 or 6 miles wide he believed , and which , if drained , and irrigated with the London sewage , would produce fourfold cropsand yield a fourfold rental .
, He knew there were many difficulties legal and administrative , as wejl as financial and physical , opposed to the imnv ^ ^ realisation of such a plan . Such was the indoleflt apathy of farmers , such their ignorant affection for routine , that ten or twenty years might yet elapse before they would awaken to the value of town refuse , and organise their farms for its utilisation . But that time would come at last , and in planning their works tKey should keep it steadily in view . There would be a transitional period very difficult to pass through—all transitions were difficult . In the conduct of this transition he
had no doubt one or other of the precipitating processes would prove useful ; just as the old street lamps were useful while gas was gradually making its way . But as they should not be satisfied in the town with anything short of " sewers without sediment" and " the cowpfete dispollution of the Thames , " so in the country their final aim should be " the comjpfefe " utilisa 1 iioiroftherefuse , " without-thewaste of-a single fertilising particle . He looked on the sewers under London as valuable guano mines ; the public were the shareholders of those mines ; the rates had been so many calls ; they ( the Commissioners ) were the board of directors ; and their duty was to work up the property to a dividend paying
condition . To that end they must prepare and promote , by all means in their power , the tubular organisation of the soil ; availing themselves meanwhile of the best precipitating process as a transitional expedient . Mr . Ward then proceeded to recapitulate his arguments and to state his general conclusions ; after which he brought forward the two recent inventions referred to in his notice of motion , as " calculated greatly to facilitate the execution of sanitary works . " These inventions appeared to us exceedingly novel and curious ; but the high degree of importance which Mr . Ward attached to them both ( and to one of them in particular ) induces us to reserve for a separate report his exposition of these interesting discoveries .
[S Lawsthe Cortes Ive Their Sanction To ...
THE IrEAPER . [ S ^ b ^ ay ,
Continental Notes. France.—Louis Napoleo...
CONTINENTAL NOTES . France . —Louis Napoleon entertained at dinner the officers of the detachments of the Imperial Guard proceeding- to the Crimea , and assured them , on parting-, that " his thoughts would follow them . " This is not quite ao bold as the'"au revoir" from the Camp of Boulogne . Aftor dinner , he presented to each of the officers a pelisse , lined with fur . Before marching to the Lyons railway , the detachments assembled under the windows of tho Tuilories , and the Emperor waved his adieux . It is still reported , but not believed , that ho means to go himself to tho seat of war . Prince Jdrdme has sent an aide-de-camp and a phyaioian to meet his son at Marseilles . Princo Napoleon is sala to be coming Jionio , not only sick , but angry and disgusted . He isTBxpcctod iu Paris on Monday . A T r . e /^ li <* ar of Thursday announces that tho sum ^^ L ^ L 8 ^ 8 *^ 0 " 8 t 0 the National Loan amounts to 2 , 175 , 000 , 000 ^ 177 , 000 persons took part in tho
loan . Algeria , Corsica , and the offers to subscribe of some of ^ departments during the last few days , are not comprised in this amount . , The departments furnished 126 , 000 ^ ubsenbera ^ the subscriptions of whom give a capital of 777 , 000 , 000 f At Paris- there were 51 , 000 subscribers , with a capital ofl , 398 , 000 , 000 f . The foreign subsc ripfions ^ e comprised . England provided a capital of 150 , 000 , 000 f ., Ind Germany , Belgium , Switzerland , & c ., a similar ^ ta Emperor has conferred the military medal upon General Canrobert . This is considered a compliment to the rank and file of the army . The General is stated to have served twenty-eight years , and to have received three wounds , two in the Crimea . The death of M / Jacques Arago ( the blind traveller , and brother of the astronomer ) is mentioned in the last
accounts from the Brazils . „ , „ , -J T A ' The report of the liberation of HBL . de Lagondie and de Dampierre , French prisoners of war m Russia , is not confirmed . . v The returns of the indirect revenue , published m the Moniteur , show an excess of receipts of 456 , 000 f . as compared with 1853 , and of 42 , 926 , 000 * as compared with 1842 . The total produce is 847 , 260 , 000 f . The three last months of the year have been the most prosperous . During the first nine months there was a decrease , as compared with 1853 , of 7 , 291 , 000 f . ; but in the last quarter the increase was 7 , 747 , 000 f .
Germany . —We learn from Vienna that the English and French Ambassadors have received powers to treat for peace with Russia . Baron Baumgartner , the Austrian Minister of Finance , has resigned , and M . de Bruck has been summoned from his embassy at Constantinople to take the portfolio . . The Russian party at Berlin is said to be at the height of its glee . The assent of Russia to treaf on the basis of the interpretations is regarded as the triumph of Prussian diplomacy , the salvation of Germany from the apprehension of being involved in war , the forerunner of a standstill in Austria , and of the Western Powers being compelled to negotiate and conclude a peace which will leave them where they were before the war .
Baron de Bruck , the Austrian Minister . —Baron de Bruck , the Austrian Minister , has given a banquet to the Ottomair Ministry . He proposed a toast to the health of the Sultan and to the valiant army which had excited the admiration of Europe by its conduct on the Danube . He added that Austria was willing now to fight with the Western Powers for the defence of Turkey and in the cause of justice , and that , let the solution be as it may , Russia will be no longer menacing—she will have fallen . The Grand Vizier replied with visible
emotion . The Berlin Government has laid before the Chambers a measure relative to divorce , surrounding such a separation with difficulties so serious as almost to render it impossible . One clause enacts that as often as the guilt of the female shall be established- in a suit for divorce , she shall be punished with an imprisonment varying from fifteen days to two months . Letters from _ Waraaw _ report that all French and English subjects in tHe " service of Russia ~ are being discharged and forcibly conveyed to the Austrian and Prussian , frontiers . The persons so removed were principally employed , in various manufactures , and their places are supplied by Belgians and Germans .
M . Drouyn de l'Huys , it seems , has ( December 27 ) replied " incisively" to the Prussian despatch of the 19 th of the same month . He exposes the inconsistent and untenable pretensions of Prussia , and refuses point-blank a separate treaty with that power . Prussia persists , we hear , in reserving her right to participate in the eventual revision of the European treaties . No enlistments for the British foreign legion are permitted in Hamburg . Spain . —In the sitting of tho 13 th inst . M . Olozaga submitted the bases of the new constitution to the Chamber . The principal points are : — " All public powers emanate from the nation , in which the
sovereignty essentially resides . The nation engages itself to maintain the Roman Catholic Apostolic religion and its ministers , but no Spaniard nor stranger can be annoyed on account of his religious opinions , provided he does not offend the religion of the state by external acts . Liberty of the press . Abolition of the law of confiscation and of the penalty of death for political offences . Establishment of a National Guard . Two Legislative bodies—a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies . The senators , to bo elected for life , are to bo chosen from certain categories . They must have attained their
twenty-fifth year , and bo in tho possession of an income of 80 , 000 reals . One hundred and twenty are to be appointed at first . The King may not appoint moro than twelve at tho commencement of every session . There is to bo one deputy for every 60 , 000 inhabitants . Tho Cortes are to meet annually on tho 1 st of October . Each session is to last four months . No session can bo prolonged boyond thirty days . In case of dissolution , tho Cortes are to reassemble within Bixty days . In tho interval between two sessions a permanent Commission of the Cortes , consisting of four senators and seven doputies , is to be established . The King sanctions and
promulgates laws . The Cortes give their sanction to the marriage of the King , and appoint the Regency in case the throne should become vacant . The Budget of the State shall be submitted to the Cortes in the first eight days after their meeting . The Cortes will fix th « effective strength of the army , navy , " & c . _ There are symptoms of unsettlement and disturbance , we regret to find , in Spain . The Government seems , ¦ with' all its honesty and good impulses , to lack vigour relrather \
and cohesion . The Ministers seem to y on frightening the Cortes into support than on decided measures that would command it . The other day the Minister of Foreign Affaire hinted in a most alarming and mysterious manner at danger threatening the Government ; and the Minister of Finances assures the deputies that if they have not soon discussed the Budget , reduced the expenditure , and given the Cabinet means to carry on the Government , he must resign , and the country must accept reaction and a dictatorship . the Western
Italy . The treaty between Sardinia and Powers was signed on the 10 th inst . This alliance has produced a Ministerial crisis at Turin . General Dabormida , Minister of Foreign Affairs , has resigned , considering the treaty as favourable to Austria , and contrary to the spirit of the Sardinian memorandum of 1853 against the Austrian sequestrations in Lombardy . M . Ratazzi , Minister of Justice , has also resigned , but remains in office until the passing of the Convent Suppression Bill . M . Ratazzi was one of the promoters of the campaign of 1849 . Another Minister , M . Palseokopa , who is a Venetian , has also resigned . The Convent Suppression Bill is proceeding with great animation .
The late earthquake at Marseilles and Nice was felt at Brignolles , Grasse , Cannes , Cagnes , Bar , and Saint Paul . At Cannes it was accompanied by a great noise and violent commotion in the sea . At Bar it threw down the Gothic tower of a chateau , and damaged several houses ; and at Cagnes it did great injury to a ceiling covered with frescos in the chateau of Grimaldi . The damage done in the other places was inconsiderable . The French have begun their evacuation of Rome . Two squadrons of Dragoons left there on the 3 rd . Those troops that remain will garrison the Castle of St . Angelo . . The Giornale di Roma , of the 9 th , announces the presentation to the Pope of ~ the magnificent tiara offered by Queen Isabella . The tiara which for nearly the last half century has been used on grand occasions by the popes was ar present from Napoleon I .
^ JLn . Tuscany the Dominicans have protested against the edict of fne Vatican , and their chief , it is said , has shared the fate of the Madiai , being committed to gaol on the warrant of the Archbishop . Austria has forbidden the publication of the bull respecting the Immaculate Conception in Lombardy , and has even prohibited the priests from preaching upon it . Scandinavia . —The reputed adhesion of Sweden to the Western Alliance , is not confirmed . A letter from Copenhagen , in the Hamburg Correspondent , says : — "It is generally believed at Helsingborg , that in the spring an army of 50 , 000 Swedes and 15 , 000 Norwegians will b ^ p laced under arms . Th . e menjbelonging to the late levy are tojoin their regiments ^ ' one " month sooner than usual . " Six members of the Danish House of Commons have
formally proposed to impeach the late Ministry , as responsible for the promulgation of the general Constitution of the 26 th of July . It appears probable that this motion will be adopted by a majority of the House , but the present Prime Minister discountenances it as dangerous . M . Von der Pfordten , the Bavarian Prime Minister , designated the present crisis graphically , when supporting the other day a demand for war credits : — " There may be prospects of peace , " said he , " but the prospects of a more extended war are equally great . " Switzerland . —A conference is almost immediately to be held at Milan , between the Governor-General of Lombardy and delegates from the Swiss Confederation , for the purpose of settling the differences that have existed for the last two years between Austria and the canton of Ticino .
A Mr . Phillips , an American citizen , has been arrested at Basle for his resemblance to Mazzini , who is quietly residing in London . He has demanded an indemnity of 25 , 000 f ., or 6000 f . a day for his captivity . It appears that a fresh note has reached the Federal Council on tho subject . The Federal Council has offered the ex-prisoner 25 f . a day instead of SOOOf , Naples . —Tho origin of the quarrel between tho King of Naples and the Jesuits is now said to have been an oration delivered by the Jesuit father , Tarquini , at the Ecclesiastical Academy in Rome , inveighing against the
right assumed by secular governments of refusing tho publication of papal bulls in their respective dominions without a previous examination and placet , or exequatur . Tho pious father maintained that tho oracles of Rome ought to be above . such profane , scrutiny , and tho Popo so far shared his opinion as' to have hia speech printed at his private press , in order to distribute copies amongst tho offending sovereigns , and tho King of Naples got a hundred as his share . Hiric illce lacryrma I Tho Jesuits arc a good deal puzzled by tho declaration in favour of ubaolutism , as the only good government , exacted from
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 20, 1855, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_20011855/page/8/
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