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1204 ^ff e n,e&*$V. [Saturday
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MAZZINI AND KOSSUTH. To the Editor of th...
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KOSSUTH'S REPLY TO THE GENOESE DEMOCRATS...
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ITALIAN itEFUGEE FUND. The undersigned I...
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LSLK OF TIIANMT AOKICMJLTUltAL ASSOCIATI...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
The Kafir War. We Find In The Times Of W...
nies will consist , the former of 600 , and the latter of 150 rank and file . The depot companies will for the present remain at Dover .
1204 ^Ff E N,E&*$V. [Saturday
1204 ^ ff e n , e &* $ V . [ Saturday
Mazzini And Kossuth. To The Editor Of Th...
MAZZINI AND KOSSUTH . To the Editor of the " Leader . " Society of the Friends of Ttaly , 10 , Southampton-street , Strand , December 19 , 1851 . Sir , —A . few days before M . Kossuth ' s departure for the United States , an address to him , from Italians resident at Genoa , was forwarded for presentation through M . Mazzini . The address was accompanied by a signet ring , bearing the impression of the Roman Eagle , and the motto , " Dio e il Popolo , " -with the inscription on the circumference —•
" Gl' Italiani a Kossuth . " The following correspondence , arising from the presentation of the address of the Italian patriots at Genoa , has now been placed in my hands for communication to the press . I am , Sir , your obedient servant , David Masson , Secretary .
JOSEPH MAZZINI TO LOUIS KOSSUTH . I am commissioned by the Democracy of Genoa to present to you the address which accompanies these lines . United to you as I am already in friendship and in community of belief and of aim , I have no occasion to express to you how gladly I undertake the office ; but this I can , and ought to , assure you that , were it not for the unlimited foreign and domestic tyranny which weighs upon every other province of Italy , the Genoese address would be Italian in the number of its signatures as it is in feeling .
In every part of Italy , wherever souls thrilling with devotion to the sacred cause of country and humanity are secretly preparing for the struggle , your name is held sacred as that of a man who has incarnated in himself the thoughts , the sorrows , and the hopes of a people , as of a man who has comprehended the mission of life , to think and to act , as of a man who adds to every other power of heart and mind the highest of all gifts , constancy unbiased by egotism , vanity , or any individual aim .
And another important office has been committed to me by my countrymen , that of explaining to you , in a'few "words , the nature and tendencies of our Democracy , so that you may know what men they are who extend to you and ask of you the hand , and upon what basis will be found that alliance which identity of position , of enemies , and of object lias decreed between us . Italian Democracy is not a reaction , but a faith . It is not a cry for emancipation uttered by one hostile and irritated class against another ; it is a programme of association of all classes , or rather of all the various . Social fractions , in one sole aim : that of constituting the great Italian family one free and powerful , for the benefit of the greater human family ; the country , for the benefit of all countries .
If Italy did not feel herself called to arise in the name and for the good of all— -for a principle and not for an interest , for the free development of life whereever it is violated or imperfect—if she did not deduce her r ' ujhU from the duty which binds her in the alliance of nations , in the moral unity of . Kurope , and through that to the unity of the human raceour Democracy would be but egotism disguised , hidden under a pompous title . Nationality is , then , for us the sign of our mission , our collective ; conscience . It assumes for itself and
recognizes for others an inalienable right to independence . The aim in common—the choice of means , the mode ol organization by which to reatih it , belongs to the nation . Kquality among the J'eoples is the Kole security for their alliance . And our alliance shall be that of free ; and equal Peoples , who , while independent in ull that concerns their internal organization , recognize ; a common country , humanity , as superior to all others , and join together in the name ol' ( iod to promote progress and the triumph of truth and justice .
Upon the banner ol Italian Democracy shine forth two eternal words—( iod and the . I ' arplc , which aro the beginning and the end of our faith , ( iod the law , a law of progress and of love , tin ; people stole interpreter of that law . We do not : accept privileged interpreters . (< od has bin throne in the conscience of every individual , from the harmony of the individual conscience with the conscience of the human race ; and with universal tradition , ( springs n continual revelation of truth , which virtuous genius devclopes and purili <» , and which the people verifies mid
applies in social intercourse . The I ' apacy and the . Umpire are ( or us two falsehoods — phantoms ol authority , which neither direct ., nor fecundate , but , extinguish free life . Italian Democracy will combat the din : and ( lie other until the day in which the Rome of the people and the Vienna of the people shall have . signed the emancipating compact , eWafliaiice which already exists between us , and in tho name of winch we Hhall be united on the battle-field . 'I'llin compact ., whatever the calumny of our adversaries may assert , is not . a part of anarchy , of the overthrow or the negation of Vhoae ' *> l *? ntont « ' whfcali
constitute civil life , or of a new tyranny of a sect o f an individual system substituted to the tyranny already existing . Italian Democracy is a nation , not a sect . "We recognize two inviolable elements of life ; the individual and society , liberty and association . We believe all systems which would sacrifice either of these elements to the other to be false and dangerous , and inevitably resulting in anarchy or despotism . We seek in " everything to harmonize these two terms . We desire a state in which the way shall be open to every man for the development of his moral and physical faculties , in which the way shall be open to all the sources of education and of wealth proportioned to his own exertions , and to secure and continuous labour , freely chosen , and on which his right to enjoyment must depend .
In such a state we place our hopes of a peaceful , because normal , state of society , free from violence and reaction because based upon equity , free from the necessity of revolutions because relying on the continual progress and fraternal association of the millions who people our land . From these few principles you can deduce all our belief ; from the deeds of Lombardy , Venice , and Rome the courage with which our democracy will
sustain them ; from the actual state of our national party which is known to you , the energy and constancy of our determinations ; from the words spoken to you by the Genoese democracy , the confidence reposed in you , the sympathy which binds us to your nation , and the hope that we shall together fight and conquer our common enemy , sowing the seeds of an alliance lasting and important to our countries and to the Europe , of the Peoples . Joseph Mazzini .
KOSSUTH TO MAZZINI . Here is my answer to the address of your fellowcitizens . United , we shall act , I hope , a better one . United , because our cause is one , because we have a common enemy , a common camp , a common design ; united , because my republic , like yours , is neither tyranny , nor anarchy , neither a violation of the liberty of the individual , nor a sacrifice of the social aim to the egotism of individuals ; united , because , like you , I recognize no other master than God and my nation . I have faith in you , as you have in me . [ For a short time , farewell . Louis Kossuth ,
Kossuth's Reply To The Genoese Democrats...
KOSSUTH ' S REPLY TO THE GENOESE DEMOCRATS . To the Italian Democrats in Genoa . When , a fugitive from my country , I hailed with the affection inspired by our common misfortunes and hopes , the sacred soil of Italy , in the voices of brotherly enthusiasm which reached me from the multitude assembled upon the shore , I felt—heavenly consolation !—the solidarity of the new life which is now animating the desires of the nations , I felt that the hour of deliverance will never strike again for divided peoples , and that the
compact of their future alliance is engraven on the hearts of the oppressed by the linger of ( iod himself . And your address , amongst a thousand others , is a new confirmation to me of this idea . Whilst grasping the friendly hand of him deputed by you to present it to me , of tine man representing the party the most powerful for action and the most promising for the future of Italy , and with whoso sympathies and labours 1 share , I thought of the glorious fruits which will spring from the union of my country and yours in the approaching battles for independence and liberty .
l '' or us , as for you , O Italians , the eflorts and the experience of the past have borne their fruits . The time is now ripe ; the series of trials exhausted ; all hope of converting to the right path elements radically opposed to every development of life , vanished ; it only remains for Hungary , for Italy , for the nations trampled upon by despotism , to arise in their own strength over the length and breadth of a continent overshadowed by lying forms , without other legality than that which the Eternal Mind implants in the natural order of human things , assigning to the different peoples , vocations , faculties , and aright of spontaneous progress , in harmony with their common duties . Our cause and yours are bound together by their origin , their sufferings , and by their aim . The ; House of Ilapsburg was death to Hungary as well as to Italy .
In conjunction with the Court of Home it extinguished in you , by protecting the Inquisition , every spark of genius and national virtue , and retarded , by two centuries and a half , the revival inaugurated by your philosophers and martyrs of the 17 th century . From us it snatched one after another our ancient franchises—tho right of electing our kings , our own armies—liberty of conscience : it replied to our protests by rapine ; and the sword , to the Magyar geneuosily which had thrice : saved tin ; empire , by robbing us of our independence ; . In exchange ; for
the blood and treasure we spent , in its service , it repaid us with falsehood , treason , and the ne-. all ' old . Hy oppressing Hungary and cooperating in the dismemberment of Poland and Italy , thus taking from these generous nations their mission and individual life , Austria opened an immense gulf in the- centre ; of e : ivilized Kurope , destroyed the defences raised against the barbarian hordes , ; in < l gave u fatal blow to nmileiu civilization . And what reward has she reaped for her enormous crime ? ( lei own vassalage ; to Itussia .
The House ; of Ilapisburg is tin ; ncgation , the evil , theabsnrelily of political Kurope . It , Ii . is thrown hostility , dissolution , death , into the midts " . of Christian l'ee > pl ( 'B to niitke of them its prey . I'ixt ending on one Hide the hand to the I ' ope , on the either to l , he : ' ( , V . ar ^ it . jn ^ cu ^ ejiyyured y Ar [ hiM ^ MMMiSmm : t
Not founded upon any interests confine w I " nature of things , without any Sr leasoTfo , p - ° . than the egotism of a family and of aTew venal offi ? T it confides it . safety to an organized systJm of So a 1 ?' nation and to the disciplined barbarities * Us ZT ^ It » time that humanity should be avenged £ ? £ ?' abomination . It is time for the People 8 X have hp 8 dragged by the arts of spiritual and material tnt ? into the narrow ways of egotism , to reenteithl 7 path of liberty and association . Nor is the u ^ dertaS' 11 too vast for those willing to attempt it . FateeKS evil bear m themselves the laws of their own rX-trS and goodness only are progressive . The protests of 5 £ nations against the oppressions of Austria have ahead * penetrated deeply even into the ranks of the arm / Under chiefs who know neither God nor countrv Si the hearts of myriads of brothers who will combat 3 us . In the very instruments of its defence will the empire find its destruction . lQe Italians ! the fate of Hungary is fast bound ud wifh yours . United with you in the battle , we shall be *„ after the victory ; erecting together , amongst the hymns of redeemed Peoples , a glorious temple to our mart ™* trie ot tne
upon rums . House of Jtiapsburg . Happy shall we deem ourselves if by the blessing of God we are the first to begin the struggle of European liberty against despotism . When the hour of redemption arrives—and arrive it will for us come what may , and let whosoever else hold back—Milan and Pesth , remembering past errors , will sound simultaneously the tocsin of revolt like cities of the same country . ' In our ancient constitutions is inscribed the right of insurrection and defence against the caprices of power
This principle , never forgotten by us , will save Hungary —To you , Italians , it was forbidden by the two powers which , are joined together for your ruin—the Papacy and the Empire—to inscribe that right in a national constitution . But they could not erase it from your hearts ; and to-day , from one end of the Peninsula to the other , the life of the nation is bound up in this . For us , as for you , the necessary result of such a right , after the experience ' of ages , is the Republic . And in this name we shall conquer . We shall conquer , because we shall be unitedbecause , fighting with the People and for the People , and
not for the interests of castes or of Governments necessarily leagued with the Emperor , the Pope , and the Czar . We shall conquer , because , uttering a cry of true liberty , and not counting upon the miserable combinations of a diplomacy which has betrayed us hundreds of times , and no longer possesses either life or sense in presence of the Europe of the future , we shall have with us all the peoples who demand a country , all free men who have , in whatever part of the civilized world , the will and
the courage of a great cause . —Lastly , We shall conquer , because our principles will not be principles of violence and negation against those sacred and inviolable elements in which society has root and life—but principles of development , and of the progressive association of the capabilities , the tendencies , and the natural activity as well of individuals as of corporations—principles of universal education—and of the harmonious cooperation of the nations in the work of their common perfectionment . Louis Kossuth .
Italian Itefugee Fund. The Undersigned I...
ITALIAN itEFUGEE FUND . The undersigned Italians residing in London , with a view to relieve the great sufferings of many of their countrymen , driven to England by political circumstances , and lately by the decree of expulsion ot foreign exiles from Prance , Have resolved to open a subscription for the relief of these political exiles . With that view they deem themselves entitled to appeal to the patriotism of their countrymen residing in England , irrespectively of all political opinions , and on the simple grounds of humanity ; and also to the sympathies of strangers of all nations ; but , above all , to their Eng lish friends , that they may , by their cooperation , give permanence anel extension to tins charitable undertaking . . Subscriptions are kindly received by Messrs . J lcrnes , Fareiuhar , Davidson , Chapman , and Co ., bankeis , and by tho members of the Committee , composed ot (> . Aubrey Hczzi , Chairman ; S . Ferretti , A . ( rallenga , Generule Lunte Moiitefcltro , | ltomoli , Suubaldi ; Ainvabene , See . , ,. .. The Committee will render accounts on the inst Saturday of every month , at a public meeting wlncu will be advertised in tho Times of the previous I hursday , at which the benevolent contributors are earnestly reeiucHtcd te > attend . t SuiwcKii . nus .-Dr . Achilli , Ifl . * : Arrivabcnc , (« I . , O . Aubrey Bezzi , £ 10 ; Uar / . otelli , ( id . * ; C *; . H ; iru 'V . , ' Deasarta , ( id . *; Faiinucehi , la . *; Fe-rrctti , LI ; A . ' "'; lenga , £ 10 ; I ' . ( Juvazzi . £ - 1 ' . Uava / . / . i , , 0 s . *; . <* " £ '' f . L . mto Montofoltrof >» * ; Mapei , 1 h . *; Ma ^"' , fis . , ni
. Molinari , ( id . *; Zelinela Mont . eexhi . £ 1 ; Oe . 1 lanoia , 5 s . *; Romoli , £ 2 ; Tommasi , Gd . *; Unltaliaiio , LA . * All those- He . marked are weekly KubHcriptionu ; U' < othcru are demat ions .
Lslk Of Tiianmt Aokicmjltultal Associati...
LSLK OF TIIANMT AOKICMJLTUltAL ASSOCIATION . Lately , at a dinner givem by tins im ; mber » <> ' » ; above association , the : loaht , " The Chairman <> < - Hoard of ( iuardiaiiH , anel the Momboraol ( lie U <>•« ' was given , and Sir . Kdward Dering spe-Ke oI i ability with which Mr . SaiAott pmsid ,, ! at the bo a I , and of U . o admirable results flowing ir <> m good » m nageme . nt , o »» proof <> f whidihe afforded by r « a . w £ ing that uccoreling te , tho latest ^''"'^ J ^' ^ but nine , ahl . bod . ed W «? » f " > . "' W ^ 1 , Tot bb ^ id'to' ^ ciiUit'bbdte ^ .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 20, 1851, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_20121851/page/8/
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