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PROGRESS OF ASSOCIATION. In a recent num...
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COFFEE AND CHICORY. The following opinio...
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ARAB WRECKERS Arabs, in the character of...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Royal Yacht Squadron Regatta. The Royal ...
ouoise , -M * . & - _K : Coote ; tbe Gipsy Queen , Sir H . Bold H oghttm > Bart . ; the Susan , the Earl of Hardwicke ; fhe . Aurora , Mr . Le Marchant Thomas ; the Arrow , Mr . « £ Chamberlayne ( _Vice-Commodore of tbe Royal _Victoria Yacht Club ); the Camilla , Mr . J . E . W . Rolls ; She Sp ider , Mr . F . P . P . Deltne Radcliffe ;¦ the Cygnet , _Hr . Hadworth Lambton j the Claymore , Mr . Archibald Camp bell ( winner of the great prize at St . Petersburg ); the Mosquito , Lord Londesborough ; the Dolphin , Mr . William Smith ; the Nautilus , Mr . George Bates ; the
Plover , Lietttenant-Colonel Henry Brown ; the Ripple , Mr . Doug las Dickenson ; the Freak , Mr . William Curling ; the Fancy , the Rev . R . T . Hartopp ; the Leda , _JL ieutenant-Colonel Smith ; the Beatrice , Sir W . P . Carew , Bart . ; the Frisk , _Jtfr . George Arkwright ; the Pandora , Captain R . Smith Barry ; the Osprey , Lieutenant-Colonel R . W . _Hugy ; tbe Maritana , Sir Henry Edwards , Bart . ; the Sybil , Mr . J . J . Rufford ; the Lotus , the Marquis of Bath > besides many other yachts , the names of which we could not learn .
The sailing committee consisted of Mr . W . Ponsonby and Mr . Richard _Franklyn . The amusements opene 4 on Tuesday with the race for her Majesty ' s Cup , of 100 guineas , for cutters of 75 , and not more than 105 tons , belonging to the Royal Yacht Squadron , for which the following vessels were entered : — Yachts . Tons . Owners . Flag . Aurora . 47 Mr . Le Marclutnd Thomas White , red star . Lavrock 72 Captain Williams Red . Arrow . 102 Mr . T . Chamberlayne . . Blue flag , white arrow .
The Queen ' s Cup Course—viz ., from a cutter moored © ff Cowes Castle , round the Nab Light , returning thence to Cowes , and proceeding to a vessel moored off Yarmouth , and back to Cowes Castle , where the race would conclude . A time race on a new scale . The Arrow , from her late performances at Ryde , was decidedly the favourite . The morning was pleasant , with a light breeze from the S . E ., which occasionally freshened in the course of the day , but never blew strong . The course was what is called the Original Queen ' s CuJ > Course—namely , from a vessel moored off Cowes Castle to the Nab Light , and thence to a vessel stationed off Yarmouth , and back to Cowes . The _course is about 70 miles . The yachts started well at 10 a . m ., but from the first the Arrow took a decided lead . It was said that her station was
more favourably situated for the tide , and thus she gained a good start ; but at any rate she did shoot a-head and maintained her position throughout the day , passing both the Nab and the station-vessel at Cowes nearly an hour before her competitors , and reaching the final goal at Cowes at 4 . 12 p . m . Thus the Arrow retains the laurels which she unexpectedly won from the _America . In one respect the
Aurora and the Arrow are under similar circumstances , for both have been lengthened , and their bows altered more than once . The Arrow's bow was last altered , wc understand , under the direction of Mr . Chamberlayne , her proprietor , and greatly has she been thereby improved . Those who recollect the Arrow thirty years ago may be / surprised nt her present proud position ; but , nevertheless , it is pleasant to see an old friend so distinguished .
Iho want of interest in a race which was languid from thc disparity of tho yachts engaged , which nd circumstances of weather enabled seamanship or skill to alter , was relieved hy the appearance of her Majesty ' s squadron , on its return from Antwerp , which passed through Spithead shortly after noon . The Victoria anel Albert returned to her accustomed waters as she left them , preceded by ber little pilot-fish the Vivid , and followed by the Fairy . Tho men-of-war steamers were left considerably in the rear by tho Royal yacht , but all reached Cowos-roads in the _courso of tbe afternoon .
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Progress Of Association. In A Recent Num...
PROGRESS OF ASSOCIATION . In a recent number ( August 7 ) we briefly glanced at the proposed creation of an institution under this title , in nn address of its originator to the friciub _* of Cooperation and of Industrial 'Iteforni generally . Wo now proceed to give u somewhat moro detailed notice « d" this scheme , by abstracting tho introductory remarks "i wbieh M . Lcchevidior enforces tho _expediency of nu dlort to collect , concentrate , and rationally distribute tiie
orders of consumers as a moans of crediting labour "iidof increasing demand . It is easy to perceive the possible intimate connexion of such an idea with tho interests as well of tbe co-operative stores and worknig men ' s associations now spontaneously springing up 'dl over the country , as of thc existing competitive trades , and of tho labour market in general . Active _UHdeavours aro being made to organise the Institution , '" id meetings will be held for its discussion and furtherance at a more convenient season . Tho following
Progress Of Association. In A Recent Num...
considerations embody tbe " mam idea of the Institution : "Three general facts , carrying with them the most important consequences , may be fairly asserted . 1 . That the desideratum for labour and industry , with their present powers of production , lies in finding the means of causing an adequate increase of the power of consumption , by affording every inducement and facility to consumers . 2 . That the greatest obstacle to such an ihcroaso of
consumption lies ,, on the side of consumers , in the want of needful and adequate _information regarding the articles which might suit them best ; in . the uncertainty of commercial transactions with respect to the purity , quality , price , and delivery of articles , the choice of merchants , the expense and loss of time incurred in the search for and examination of goods ; and , finally , in the want of a proper and safe channel to send their . orders , and , when the _consumer is distant from the producer , to secure the right execution of his demands .
3 . That the excessive _numbt _^ . _of establishments , arising from disorderly competition , iaf / adding , every day , more and more to the difficulty either of meeting the desideratum or counteracting the obstacle previously mentioned ; the effect of irrational distribution being fictitiously to raise the prices , through undue and unjustifiable application of time , capital , labour , and skill , and on account of the great risks incurred by tradesmen ; or to encourage the _spurioup practices of adulteration , now prevailing m almost every branch of commerce . As regards the first statement , a demonstration of its
truth , as wonderful as unexpected , has been afforded by the Great Exhibition of 185 t , i _9 uch as no power of scientific deduction , no artifice of _human language , could have con veyed to the public mind . The almost constant excess of supply over demand in the markets of the world for every article shows , at the same time , that even the effective power of production , actually set in activity by labour , is far above the existing power of purchasing . .. .,..-. . As regards the second statement , the personal experience of any head of a family , of any housewife , or even of any man of business , whenever , they are in want of such articles as are not included in the limited circle of their direct
knowledge , always bought at-so heavy cost , will testify how true and correct it is . Finding out the proper place to make a purchase , amidst the shower of advertisements , hand-bills , puffing reports , and through the chaotic mass of shops , warehouses , bazaars , marts , and emporiums , is almost like working to get out from a labyrinth ; and selecting the proper article in a given place , or transmitting an order and having it properly executed , becomes a very hard , troublesome , and hazardous task , accompanied with great loss of time ; whilst paying the right price for it is not a frequent case .
As regards the third statement , the practical endeavours hitherto mado to . counteract adulteration , or to keep competition in the right path , as regards the double interest of producers and consumers , b y the wholesome and righteous process of provident efforts , instead of tho tardy and costly practical wisdom resulting from the blind and mischievous process of repeated experimental failures , have proved inefficient , have too much impeded and hindered tho realization of tho desired object , and have been rather obnoxious to existing establishments . Thc growth of co-operative stores , although satisfactory , and in itself most desirable , is slow , and lias remained
hitherto limited to tho working classes ; the establishment offamily stores by tho higher and middle classes has not yet been begun , and will always be checked by the want of stimulus among people who can easily do without a little moro comfort , and would not try to obtain it at tho cost of more trouble and _self-exortions . Meanwhile , both co-operative stores of working men and famil y stores havo for their first result thc displacement of tho existing trade , without affording to it any compensation for tho loss . Another effort is now at hand—namely , tho concentration of trades , by joint stock companies , or by tho spontaneous spread of tho principle of association among tho tradesmon and merchants themselves .
This movement is also very desirable in itself , and would bo promoted , rather than hindered , by any effort of tho consumers to concentrate their demands , anel to act through a common centre . To hel p and assist honost tradesmen , desperately struggling against unscrupulous competition , is naturally comprised among the objects of a well-combined industrial reform , and will bo carefully attended to by tho founders of tho hereinafter described institution . In addition to tho co-operativo stores , and to the spontaneous concentration of the trades , tho above-stated facts and considerations have consequently suggested tho expediency of a new institution ( still wanting amidst tho varied anel manifold developments of association in England ) , having for its objects the increase of consumption , and tho direction thereof through a proper channel , together with an especial care of the consumer ' s interests . This institution , whoso fundamental principles will bo hereafter explained , is to be called
THE BOARD OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND ; _conhumerb' _rnoTKCTivi . institution . That consumers need protection is a fact abundantly certified by tho enormous amount of frauds in weight , quality , and price of articles , now prevailing in trade . Rut a rational centralization of e ; onsuuiption is , at the same timo , tho host moans of serving the interests of labour . The . groat obstacle to such a concentration of _orde-rs will bo found , no doubt , in tho adoption by tho consumers of that _ni ! w moelo of dealing with tho trades , which will havo to bo carried out , in order to meet the objects of Tho Hoard tf Supply and Demand . Hut the necessity of talcing _seimo trouble to that of feet is to bo impressed upon tho mind of tho rich , as a duty towards tho poor ; anel upon tho mind of tho poor , as tho onl y way of _rosorving to rightly managed _eutublishmonts the market of their own labour .
Progress Of Association. In A Recent Num...
A great concentration of orders Will become , io . the hands of the Hoard , a powerful means for developing industry and commerce in the right way , and for . aiding co-operative associations of capitalists and working men , when properly constituted and properly managed . Hitherto the workingof credit , as afforded by capital to labour , has been quite incomplete . The mere lending of money to the producer is rather burdening him , as long as a market is not secured for the goods and articles produced by means of borrowed capital . Supplying money to labour is only one side of credit . The other side ( and , we should say , the most efficient one ) will be afforded by a proper organization of demand .
The Hoard of Supply and Demand will distribute credit among the various trade establishments and workshops . It will exercise control and supervision over them , that it may insure the greatest perfection in the quality of articles and workmanship . Instead , then , of the customers having to deal with the various trades , of which they know nothing , and of whose works and goods they are no judges , they will be able to deal with a single office , to which they can safely entrust and refer all their orders . It is well understood , as a matter of course , that , the customers , even after having become subscribers and clients of The _Boaku op Supply akb Demahd , shall remain at liberty to forward their orders , at their own convenience , to the various existing establishments , and even to those recommended by the Board ; but the Board , in such case , will be free from all responsibility .
Coffee And Chicory. The Following Opinio...
COFFEE AND CHICORY . The following opinion from Dr . Ure has been obtained by persons interested in the coffee trade , with a view to its circulation among the retail dealers previously to tbe new excise regulation coining into force . It will be recollected tbat it was maintained by the late Chancellor of the Exchequer that there was no reliable method of detecting the adulteration of coffee with chicory . The error of this statement was demonstrated by the Lancet , but it has been thought advisable to take further steps to make a simple process generally known : —
" No problem in science is simpler or more certain than the detection of chicory , or of similar substances , in coffee powder . Ground roasted coffee imparts to cold water merely a pale sherry colour , whereas when it is adulterated with ground roasted chicory it communicates a brown colour , of greater or less intensity , to cold water . If three glass tubes , set upright , be charged respectively with a tew grains weight of—1 , pure coffee ; 2 , of pure coffee mixed with a little chicory ; 3 , of coffee mixed with much chicory , and into each of these tubes a like quantity of cold water be poured , and if after agitation thc tubes be set upright at rest , the solid particles will soon fall to the bottom , and tho transparent liquid in the stems of the tubes will show , by the variable depths of the tinctures , tbe presence and proportion of coffee and chicory in each of them . An apparatus for making this experiment may be had for Is . and would give test results of sufficient precision . "
Arab Wreckers Arabs, In The Character Of...
ARAB WRECKERS Arabs , in the character of sea thieves , are not uncommon portents in the Indian Ocean . The Pengal Hurkaru reports the loss of the Centaur , commanded by Captain Salmon , and bound for Calcutta , having indigo on board . The following extract from Captain Salmon ' s narrative of thc incident will be read with interest : — " May 14 . —About 00 30 a . m . ( civil time ) , thc gunner reported broken water ahead and on larboard bow . I ran on deck , and ordered tho helm to bo put bard a-port . Tho vessel paid off , but not quickly enough , and struck . No land to bo seen , but the broken water waa close to . Water under tho intern , 3 fathoms ; mieler main chains 2 _\ ; forward , 2 \ fathoms . Furled all sails , lowered tho
quarterboats , anel ran out a stream anchor and hawser to S . E . ; vessel striking , but not very bard ; the bottom I found was sand . Ilovo taut on tbe hawser , but finding that the vessel did not move , I commenced to heavo rice overboard from forcholel , to lighten tho vessel forward , sho being free abaft . About A or half-past I saw tho black broken cliffs of a capo tei tho N . E ., anel knew then that wo wero about two miles to tho southward of _Kas-ol-Kubba , 120 miles from Muscat , and , as thc day broke , saw a sanely beach ahead , from which wc were distant about 3 ( K ) yorels . After daylight , observed the current to se _» t strong to S . W ., which , taking the ve ; ssel on thc starboard-bow , bad forced her to tho west of her courses . Saw some largo boats coming down to ns from southward , onel shortly afterwards they came alongside , and all hanels came em ele'ck , in number about seventy . Tbey appeareel very friendly , anel olfcrcd to assist us in taking out our bower
anchor if . 1 puiel thorn . I made several bargains , eaeh rising in price ; . At last , perceiving that 1 was leming timo , I declined their assistance , anel began to put the anchor into our own boat , but tbis they wemlel not allow , unel with their elrawn daggers drove the crow from Iheir work . Their numbers woro now fast increasing , as tbey _weirei swimming off from tho _sheire on inflated goats' skins , every _einei _iiiiiie-d with a creese , anel hoiiio with swords . Tbey now begun to show their thievish _propensities , tho brass belaying pins goin g ono by one . Still they tried tei persuade mo that thoy ' were willing to assist , only they saiel that tho throo parties which werer on beiurd could not agree about tho division of the money ; but , Insballah , thoy woulel ge _; t tho vessel afloat . Uy d « '« grooH thoy throw oil' the mask of friendship , und told us that tho ship was theirs , having como ashore on their land , anel was a gift from tho Almight y to them . I bogged of them to allow us tei work , but thoir answer was * Wait' and ' Tho ship is ours .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 21, 1852, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_21081852/page/7/
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