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¦ ¦:- ¦ •: NOTICES iTO OORRESP-ONDENTS.....
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There is nothing so revolutionary, becau...
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THE PAUSE IN I>IPLOMACY. The successes o...
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SURVEY OF THE WAR. PROSPECTIVE. Thebid s...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
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¦ ¦ :- ¦ : NOTICES iTO OORRESP-ONDENTS .. w < v notice ; can ; be taken of anonymous ^ communications Whateverisintendedfor insertion must be authenticated bv the-name and address of the writer ; not necessarily fptpuwioatidn . but as a guarantee of his goodfaith . Communications should always be legibly written . and on one side of the paper only . Iflong . it increases the dtfBculty oj finding ^ pacefor them . Wecannotundertake to return rejectedcommunications .
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There Is Nothing So Revolutionary, Becau...
There is nothing so revolutionary , because thereis nothing' so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to Jceep things fixed when all the world is by the very law o £ its creation in eternal progress , —De . Arnold
The Pause In I>Iplomacy. The Successes O...
THE PAUSE IN I > IPLOMACY . The successes of the Allies in the Crimea are , as yet , incomplete . The positive crisis , therefore , is military , not political . Its issue maybe decided by Prince GoBTSCHAKOEi ? at his next Council of "War , or it may depend on long battles of cannon between fort and fort , or on new collisions in the field . While the results , in a , military sense , are undetermined , diplomacy cannot move . For beyond all question our chief interest , at present , is to
know how the belligerent forces will stand at the setting-in of winter . Nevertheless , Sebastopol being the key of the peninsula , the Allies have made a great advance towards a decisive victory . In no circles of Europe , ^ probably , is the opinion held that Russia can permanently sustain by force of arms her position in the Crimea . Signs of this conviction are apparent not in Vienna only . The report is—and particles of truth invariably float in the public rumour' —that \
Axexandeb II . accepts the late event as a defeat . In Sweden , which has cause to remember the vengeance of the Czars , no considerations have availed to forbid a parade of national joy . In Italy , perhaps , the pliancy of King JFebdinand has resulted , in some degree , from hiB knowledge that the guardian spirit of despotism had been exorcised from the Malakhoff Tower . ! From this point of view it is reasonable that liberals throughout Europe should regard with satisfaction the first real achievement of the war .
"Unfortunately , m the discussions which take place on the subject of the Russian contest , a spirit of absolutism is displayed on both sides . The extreme of the peace party would stifle , by violenoo , the advocates of war •—the advocates of war , by ungenerous
sarcasinfc , and by virulent inuendoes , disparage the frieiids of peace . If , w were to read a lesson to i ^ ese intolerant disputers , we would ask them not to claim thai credit forr sincerity ^ hich they will never concede to others ; ought they not to refrain . from insulting an honest opinion , lest it should be sounder than their own ? . Among the exaggerations provoked by this irrational repartee , it has been said frequently , that to capture ; Sebastopol would not be to injure
Russia . Fourteen divisions of the Russian army , however- —or more than two-thirds of the Czab ' s regular forees— -have been sent to defend that fortress , and sent in vain . Three Sanguinary engagements , and eleven months of unrenntted losses ^ have reduced that host to a fragment which may be annihilated within a limited period of time . Undoubtedly , should it be dispersed or expelled from the Crimea , Russia will have suffered a diminution of military power , for
it is a poor empire , and its treasures , now enormously reduced , have been painfully extorted , during forty years , from every source of contribution . The effect must be the more powerful , inasmuch , as the Russian Government is encamped in the midst of a dangerous population . Travellers of high competence deny , indeed , that the fanaticism of the true serfs has been aroused against the Turks and their allies to the extent that
has been represented ; at any rate , hating the French as they do , their feelings towards the English have been generally friendly . Still the Emperor KichoIiAS , when he addressed to the servile nation his inflammatory manifestoes , probably understood their temper . But , when all this is granted , it remains a fact that half the Russian army is absorbed in duties of police—^ not in original Russia , perhaps , but in the conquered realms not yet incorporated by civil relations with the mass of that iron dominion . We have heard
Poland—with its network of fortressesdescribed as a vast and complex Borodi ^ p , with a citadel menacing every centre of population . To garrison that volcanic territory , immense levies are required , as well as to maintain the presence of terror along every frontier . Thus , to draw out , at any point , a large proportion of the forces available to Russia for purposes of aggression , and to destroy them there , is to disable her for years to come , though to injure her vitally can only be effected by decomposing the foundations of her power . We hear the English nation asking for
right things in rightplaces . Will they now learn to insist on the right act , at the right time ? The proper time for assailing Russia was , when our aristocracy approved her usurpation , when our middle classes were apathetic , and when to the majority it was proved that they were powerlessperhaps because they were unorganised . That opportunity arrived and passed when Hungary was invaded — when there was no fear of Austria , which stood on the defensive against a revolted viceroyalty , when the natural enemies of Russia were in
the field , when the German courts were innocuous , when an alliance with the [ French nation was possible , when Denmark would have rejoiced to be set free from fatal treaties . The violated law of Europe would have vindicated such a protest , and to humanity the consequences would have been far more glorious—glorymeaning advantage—than any that can arise from a drifting war , in which the declared object of statesmen is to separate their policy from the genuine iuterosts of nations . The irruption into Hungary was a piratical enterprise , which imbued Europe with an unprecedented fear of Russia . If civilisation or liberty had anything to do
"with the policy of the governing class in England , that was the tJMe to assert them . It .: w . as , th . entliat , deip 0 ti § w , pTe ^|} ted an open front , andit ; , wa & j tTbien thfLfccivilisation and liberty were in ^ arms ; JSfoWj while military absolutism is abased in Russia , it is exalted in ^ France , where it is ,, more dangerous to liberal institutions , throughout Europe , and where already it . threatens the Italian nation . Erom that source no aid c an be derived towards the establishment of a free Europethe only positive and durable safeguard Russia
against the expansive action of . Irom Rome the influences ; of tyranny spread ; at Vienna , and at Paris ^ they are collected in the receptacles of physical power . -But in no part of the worla do . the Allies encourage counteraction . They ask for none but mercenary allies—Italians , to expend on distant fields the blood that is sacred to Italy ; Poles to fight in aid of a speedy settlement , which would render immutable- —if diplomacy could do it— = the existing system o £ Europe . We are in the condition of a nation that has stored up a certain amount of enthusiasm and must discharge it . What will be the effect ? The active liberals , who are few ,
sacrifice time and attention to crazy spouters incoherently bewailing the nullity of the crown , and of the Privy Council ; the rest contemptuously stand aloof , disappointed , and without the courage of their opinions . The only visible energy is that of the Cabinet , which urges on its generals , and that of the " public , " which , with an intoxicated indifference to responsibility , trusts that something may happen to put down Russia , and restore the rights of nations . But the policy of the war is left at the disposal of the Allied Governments , which disclaim all views of hostility to the rule of the sabre in Christendom .
But a state of war existing between great powers in any part of Europe , is a practical contradiction of this idea . The artificial settlements of the Holy Alliance were framed with a reference to peace , and the safeguard of peace , during forty years , has lain in the fears of that pernicious conclave . The political shock in Denmark— -about to result in the impeachment of a ministry—was caused , almost entirely , by the passage of the Baltic fleet , which was , prematureiy , welcomed as a signal of resistance to despotic power . In other countries the expectant populations await , with intense solicitude , the turn of fortune which shall bring their
affairs to the surface . And it is to be noted that , at this juncture , the British Cabinet is supposed to be pressing hard on the governments of Germany , and throwing out allusions to the perils of the future . Those organs which profess to deal in popularity point to the contingency of a German war . In every direction the omens multiply of an extended conflict , unless the subjugation of the Crimea leads to a compromise . The question for serious politicians to consider is , whether a general war would not end by extinguishing weak despotisms , and replacing them by overwhelming military powers ; and whether the chances of liberty are worth tho risk of the conflagration .
Survey Of The War. Prospective. Thebid S...
SURVEY OF THE WAR . PROSPECTIVE . Thebid seems to be a veritable pauso this week in the progress of the war , but it is no doubt more apparent than real . JSTo army can rapidly turn from carrying on a eiogo , which terminated rather abruptly , to field operations , which require some little timo for preparation . We shall , therefore , bo doing our readers the best service we can in tho interval by attempting to present a compro-
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 22, 1855, page 10, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_22091855/page/10/
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