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1018 THE LEADER. CSattjrday ^^
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AUSTRIAN LOANS AND LOANS THAT PAY. Aitst...
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HAIL COLUMBIA IN JAPAN. Int order to app...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Destiny Of Christian Turkey. To Support ...
feet sovereignty of the Porte , they are working out the problem of their true relations to each other ; and in the meanwhile , the secondary problem may be worked out : What shall be the relation of Turkey to her territories ? If is absurd to talk of a Greek element in Turkey , when that Greek element is represented by a kingdom almost unable to reduce itself to order under an alien monarchy , or by the mere traders scattered about the indented shores , and so demoralized as to be incapable of organizing themselves . It is absurd to talk of " a Christian State , "
when the Christian provinces of Turkey could onl y meet to treat each other like the men of Cadmus . It is not in a State , that Christian Turkey can develop itself—it is a congeries of separate and heterogeneous States , in different conditions , with varying degrees of civilization , which must be further cultivated before they can act together . They might act together before they could be united in a political whole . They might be federated before they could be consolidated . All this might be done under the shelter of the Turkish Government—indeed ,
is doing . When the Christian populations of Turkey have grown to a sufficient size , the doom of the Empire will have arrived , and the Saracen palace will fall by the groAvth of a tenant too large to contain it . At that time , probably , the " Oriental Switzerland of separate btates—each under its own Constitution , will arise by natural growth ; and it will then be time to determine what relation the more purely Turkish provinces shall have to the rest ? vVhat shall be the toleration which the Cross shall
extend to the Crescent , in return for the tolerance already shown for the Gross , before the Sultan had parted with the scimetar of his forefathers ?
1018 The Leader. Csattjrday ^^
1018 THE LEADER . CSattjrday ^^
Austrian Loans And Loans That Pay. Aitst...
AUSTRIAN LOANS AND LOANS THAT PAY . Aitstkia again appears as a borrower , or wouldbo borrower , and proposals are made , here and there , to take the opportunity . of retaliating upon Austria ., through her finance , for the wrongs she has committed upon humanity . In other words , it is proposed . to crumple up Austria , according to Mr . Cobden ' s recipe , some years ago "We doubt , however , the ability of moneyed men for the purpose . Mr . Cobden , himself , upon explaining his crumpling theory , at the Edinburgh meeting , said that he intended , in part , to rely upon the power of an armed navy to blockade the ports of liussia ; so that the apostle of peace positively relies upon the armed power of Europe , for accomplishing ' his pacific purposes , and not , altogether , upon the loan-refusing plan . Austria has used the members of the Jewish race with
great severity , and a political suggestion ia thrown out , that the Jews should refuse their assistance to the new loan . It is expected that even the- liberal member for London City , Consul-General for his Imperial Majesty of Austria , would join in the refusal of financial aid ; but wo have no faith in the action of moneyed men , on political grounds . Sin never sticks to silver , gold knows no infection , and profit does not doixm d for its amount upon moral considerations . Cven if Uaron Lionel de Itothschild were to
refuse direct help to the Austrian Exchequer , the effect might be the flame to Austria , for , in finance , there is a inaiioouvre , as available as in ordinary commerce — avc mean tho triangular trade . Itothschild might refuse a loan to Austria , but , perhaps , might lend money for-Greek purposes , to any available financier . Hay to a I 3 altazzi ; and the distance from Baltaz / i to Vienna is not trivat .
Tho real chock upon these loans to Austria , is the . stato of Austria herself , and ) iw finances . . 'For Homo yours her credit has been of the worst . The Imperial Bunk of Vienna , mispended its cash payments long ago . The paper currency of Austria in ho depreciated , an to vitiate tho nominal value of her payments , and the Government has , on more than one- occaaion , been obliged to accept nominal loans , tin from ( lie Duke of Modena , to
conceal the refusal which its necessities had entailed upon it . With far larger territory than ours , Austria , can barely support ; a national debt-, amounting to about a ' hundred and thirty millions ; but we need not be surprised at tho bare Exchequer of a Slate , which suppresses the libertics and industry of all tho races subjected to its vulo . Add to timso notorious facts the important , one , in addition , that none of the financial statemimtH put , forward by Aurttria are in the slightest ; degree to bo trusted , and we understand the rea ?
son why the bankrupt Emperor is continually appearing in the market for petty loans , sometimes to meet refusal and sometimes to raise the wind on terms of nominal interest , but notoriously on far more ruinous terms . It is much to be doubted whether an Austrian loan would really pay the lender ; if it should it is hardly worth while , for so paltry a prize as simple interest , to gamble in . the fortress of an empire rotten to its core , political as well as financial . If Englishmen have money to spare there are hundreds of enterprises that are at once safer and more profitable . It has become of late years
a common custom to lend money upon the strength of '' quotations" in the market , that is to say the private individuals who form what moneymen call the public , and who have money to invest , suffer themselves to be guided by the fashion of the day ; and because stock-jobbers are gambling in shares of a West Diddlesex , or a loan to a South American republic , the widows of half-pay officers and other persons wanting an income out of a certain capital go into the market and buy . They may buy , but they are generally sold in these transactions . The Stock Exchange can no more run against the laws of political economy than the Thames can turn upon its course .
That investment only is thoroughly safe which is based upon production , or which is immediately used in increasing the wealth of the world . The more directly that effect is produced , the more complete the return for the investor . A good railway where there is really a large amount of traffic through wealthy districts , or one not expensive to construct and calculated to call forth a good amount of dormant wealth , like that through the JN " orth - American provinces ; a well - directed steam navigation between wealthy communities , such as that of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam
^ Navigation Company , or some of the new Australian lines , or Cunard ' s ; a well considered and well managed acquisition of ail Irish estate ; English insurance , either as proprietor , or insurer ; a group of substantial or well-built houses in a wealthy and pleasant part of England , or a flourishing town ; a thorouglily well-managed estate in England—these are but examples of a list which might be carried to a much greater length for the investment of money with something like a certainty of return at a considerable rate—these arc the loans that pay . When the invester is doing
something to increase the wealth of America , of England , of Ireland , he is enrploying persons with benefit to themselves , to give him a pro * portionate share of their returns , and while he is doing good he is placing his property in the most profitable and safe hands . When he is lending money to a bankrupt Emperor , who is bolstering up rotten finance with loans—who uses the money to oppress many nations , to keep down the freedom of industry—then tho lender is doing ill , and is staking his money on tho desperate fortunos of a tyranny condemned .
Hail Columbia In Japan. Int Order To App...
HAIL COLUMBIA IN JAPAN . Int order to appreciate Commodore Perry ' s entrance into Japan , a preamble is necessary—the preambulation namely , of the Dutch superintendent . Japan has exceeded oven China in its exelusiveness towards foreigners and in the fantastical mixturo of common sense and nonsense , which appears to regulate its customs and government . It is well known that tho country is under the government of a potentate called Emperor ; who is ko sacred that he cannot intermingle with mortal affairs , and nothing which ho touches can be used by any profane mortal ; hence ho is retained in a species of holy imprisonment , and for the dress , furniture , or utensils of daily life , is fobbed offAvith the cheapest manufactures of the island . His government is carried on by a Ziogoon , or military lieutenant , who realtypossesses all the power , and exerciaoB it with a paternal despotiKin approached only by China . The Dutch arc admitted on a species of sufferance- ' most peculiar . At . Deziina , near Nagasaki , a small island liaH been artificially constructed to
place the outside barbarians upon ; it is walled oil from tho toAru , and no Japanese boat must approach it Tho European residents are limited to eleven ; tho only Japanese permitted to remain amongst them after . sunset arc women , " who havo forfeited the first claim of their sex to respect or esteem . " Half caste children arc removed . And , in short , the European residents arc prisoners in tho strictest Hon . se of the word . Kvon the Opperhoofd , or . PiVHJdeni , can only make a tour m tho island under the most ludicrous restrictions .
He must ask permission , and is then given in charge of an interpreter with subordinates and police-officers , and an agent who manages the expense . All those persons ace attended by their own' servants , and every official may invite as many friends as , he pleases . Thus swelled to regimental numbers , the party is permitted to ramble the streets of the town , and to visit tho tea-houses , —at the expense of the Dutch j whose alien hospitality is severely taxed .
On rare occasions the Dutch President is permitted to visit Yeddo , the capital , for the purpose of conveying homage and tribute in the shape of presents , He is conveyed under guard or a grand police-officer , with an expensive retinue , and placed in a sort of honourable custody ! During this visit the grandees of the capital bribe the guards to admit them to see the curious animals from Europe ; and in those interviews the Japanese are reported to evince a curious intelligence . The Opperhoofd is allowed to reside a certain period , for the sake of interviews with
the Ziogoon . After due waiting , he is permitted to be glorified by admission into the presence of that potentate ; escorted hither by a large train , bearing the presents . The interview is a most elaborate affair . Once . in the presence , the Opperhoofd pays his compliments to tie silent Ziogoon ; is pulled by the cloak , told that the audience is over , and is carried out ; the whole passing amidst the stillness of death . At another audience the Emperor sits behind a screen , and an interview goes on by the medium of an interpreter ;
direct communication being impossible . A Japanese grandee never speaks direct to a Dutchman , but through an interpreter . At the two audiences which the President has every year with the Governor of Nagasaki , a regulated dialogue is repeated between the President offering compliments and presents , and the Governor graciously accepting , after which the President goes
into another room and pays a separate visit to tho secretaries , also with set compliments . In short , a Dutchman must live in a prison ; walk under a police guard ; travel in custody , supporting the surrounding mob , at his expense ; must speak according to book ; must prostrate himself ; must abstain from addressing a sacred Japanese ; and must admit himself an inferior being for the privilege of being permitted to trade .
So much for the Dutchman : now for the American . Commodore Perry entered the bay of Yeddo , sacred town ! with two steam-frigates and two war-sloops , the steamers being the first ever seen in Japanese waters . The town of Uraga was appointed for the interview ; a nobleman of the third rank came to ascertain the object of the expedition ; and on the fourth day an officer of the highest rank was appointed to
receive the Commodore . The Commodore was asked , indeed , at first , to go to Nagasaki , as tho proper point from which to negotiate with the Japanese Government—Nagasaki , the residence of the Dutch ; but he replied that to ask him to proceed thither would be an insult to his Government , and it was not pressed . On the sixth day , the Governor and the Deputy- Governor , with the Commandant of the Forces , conducted tho
Commodore to the landing-place ; soldiers were arrayed on tho shore in grand force ; the Commodore was received by the first councillor of tno empire and another prince ; to them the credentials were delivered , and an official receipt was taken . If the Japanese had before negotiated only through subordinates , it was not so wit " Commodore Perry ; his only personal interview was with , that first councillor . After tho interview , however , tho Governor and Deputy-Governor were treated to a trip on board ono ot tho flteamfrigates , and the Governor afterwards exchanged presents with the Commodore : tho Japanese f 1 iirnil . nrv * H siirwiriorH waiving tllO old rule WiWpH
forbade officials to accept presents . Thus did tno vigour of Commodore Perry enable him to maico a first stand upon Japanese ground ; brcaRl , 7 through their littlo rules , as Gulliver broKo through the *> * ck-tliroad . Perhaps nothing bettor illustrate tiht mode of taking possession t » j the fash » a m which the Commodore landed am marched w the house of reception , the Ameni colours flying , and tho band p laying " Columbia . ' , . , 1 Tlf i Holland has boon long trying to obtain an maintain a footing in Japan . Commodore x > ' J plimts his foot ; there in state , and upon equa tf with tho dignitaries of the ™ hmd . Amenm * received other tributes not leys etnfcng to
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 22, 1853, page 10, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_22101853/page/10/
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