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October 22, 1853.] THE L MDE R. lOlB
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The subjoined manifesto of the Porte was...
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Omar Pasha's summons to Prince Gortsehak...
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The latent; accounts from Constantinople...
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The Greek Patriarch at Constantinople (i...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Tho Governments Of Naples, Turn-Any, And...
which the Jews throughout the Austrian empire were released in 1848 . Great indignation exists among the chief of the Jewish cpmmunity ; and threats are made of withdrawing their financial support to the tottering exchequer in the houi of need . But it . is difficult to believe that Moses will outweigh Mammqni or that the children of Israel "will be diverted from their operations by any sense of insult or injury to their faith .
October 22, 1853.] The L Mde R. Lolb
October 22 , 1853 . ] THE L MDE R . lOlB
The Subjoined Manifesto Of The Porte Was...
The subjoined manifesto of the Porte was published on ' the 4 th inst ., the first day of the Mahommedan year , and read on the 7 th inst . in all the mosques : — MANIFESTO OF THE SUBLIME PORTE . " In the present state of circumstances it would be superfluous to take up from its very commencement the explanation of the difference which has arisen between the Sublime Porte and Russia , to enter anew into the detail of the diverse phases which this difference has gone through , or to reproduce the opinions and judgments of the Govern- ^ ment of bis Majesty the Sultan , which have been made public by the official documents promulgated from time to time .
"In spite of the desire not to restate the urgent reasons which determined the modifications introduced t > y the Sublime Porte into the draft of the Note prepared at Vienna ( motives exposed previously in a Note explanatory of the modifications ) , yet new solicitations having been made for the adoption , pure and simple , of the said Note , in consequence of the non-adhesion of Russia to these same modifications , the Ottoman government finding itself at present compelled and forced to undertake war , thinks it a duty to give an exposition of the imperious reasons for that important determination , as well as for those which have obliged ifc not to regulate this time its conduct according to the counsels of the Great Powers , its allies , although it has never ceased to appreciate the benevolent nature of their suggestions . " The principal points to which the Government of his Majesty the Sultan desires to give prominence are these .: — - 1
That from the very beginning his conduct has furnished no motive of quarrel , and that , animated with the desire of preserving peace , he has acted with a ' remarkable spirit of moderation and conciliation , from the commencement of the difference up to the present time . It is easy to prove these facts to all who do not wander from the path of justice and . equity . " Even supposing ^ that Russia had a subject of complaint in relation to the Holy Places , she ought to have circumscribed her actions and solicitations within the limits of this question alone , and ought not to have raised pretensions which the object of her complaints could not sustain . She ought not , moreover , to have taken measures of intimidation , such as sending her troops to the frontiers , and making naval preparations at Sebastopol , on the subject of a question which might have been settled amicably between the two Powers . But it is evident that what has taken place is totally contrary to an intention of amicable settlement .
" The question of the Holy Places had been settled to the satisfaction of all parties ; and the Government of his Majesty the Sultan had testified favourable dispositions on the subject of the guarantees demanded . In short , Russia had no ionger any ground for raising any protest . " Is it not seeking a pretext for quarrel then , to insist , as Russia has done , upon the question of the privileges of the Greek Church granted by the Ottoman Government , privileges which the Government believes its honour , its dignity , and its sovereign power aro concerned in maintaining , and on tho subject of which it can neither admit the interference- nor the surveillance of any Government ? In it . not ltussia winch has occupied with considerable forces tho principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia , declaring at the
same time that these provinces should serve as a guarantee , until she had obtained what she desired ? Has not this act been considered justly by the Sublime Porto as a violation of treaties , and consequently as a caaus belli ? Have the other Powers themselves been able to como to any other decision ? Who , then , will doubt that Russia has been the aggressor ? Could the Sublime Porte , which has always observed all Jior treaties with a fidelity known to all , by infringing thorn in any way do more than determine Russia to a proceeding 1 so violent as that of herself infringing all 1 he , se treatieH ? Again , has there arisen , contrary to the promise explicitly given in the treaty of Kainardji , such fuels in ( ho Ottoman empire as tho demolition of Christian churches , or obstacles opposed to tho exorcise of tho Chrisian religionP
" Hie Ottoman Cabinet , without desiring to enter into too long- dotailn on these points , doubts not that tho high lowers , its ullios , will judge with perfect truth and justice on ( lie statement just exhibited . "As to tho non-adoption of the Vienna Note in its puro « nd simple form by tho Bublimo Porto , it is to bo remarked that this proicet , although not in every point conformed to lie Note of Prince Menobikoff , and wlule containing , it ; is tnic , in its composition , some of tho paragraphs of the draug ht Note of the Sublime Porto , is not , as a whole , whether in letter or spirit , essentially different from that of U'jncn MonnhikoH " .
" Th « ORtmmnceH recently given by the representatives oi the ft rout Powora respecting the approhondod danger from hurtful interpretations of the draught Note in question , aro ft new proof of tho kind intentions < xf their respective K <> vormnonl . H towards the Sublime-Porto . They ]» avo eon-Hetniontl y produced a lively natiHJaotion . on the part of tho Government of bin Majesty the Sultan . It must bo remarked , how « v « r , that while wo have still before our oyon a write oi religiouH privileges rained by Russia , which necks «<> base its clahriH on a paragraph so clear and ho precise in 'he treaty of ICninurdji ; which witmon to insert in a diploinutio document the paragraphconcerning the netivo hoIuu-« udo of theEmperor of Ruhhwi for the maintenance in the ntutijH of the Sublime Porte of religioun immuniticH and PrivilofyoB which were granted ( ootroyfa ) to the Greek rite »> . y tho Ottoman Kmpororn before Rustiiu mo uiuoh oh existed * w an empire , to leave in a dark and doubtful utato tho Macaco of nil relation between thot ) i > privilogca tvud tho
treaty of Kutschuk Kainardji , to employ in favour of a great community of subjects of the Sublime Porte professing the Greek religion expressions which , mig ht make allusion to treaties concluded with France ana Aust ria relative to the French and Latin religions—this would be to incur the risk of placing in' the hands of Russia vague and / obscure paragraphs , some of which are contrary to-the reafity of facts , and would offer to Russia a solid p retext for her pretensions to a religious surveillance and protectorate—pretensions which that Power would attempt to produce , affirming that they are not derogatory to the sovereignty and independence of the Sublime Porte . " The very language of the employes ' and agents of Russia , who have declared that the intention of the
Government was no other than to fulfil the office . , of an advocate witfet the Sublime Porte whenever acts contrary to existing P rivileges might be done , is a patent proof of the justice of / Qie opinion of the Ottoman Government . " If the Government of his Majesty the Sultan has judged it necessary to require that assurances should be given , even if the modifications which it introduced by it into the Vienna Note were adopted , how in conscience could it be tranquil if the Note were to be retained in its integrity and without modification ? The Sublime Porte , in accepting that which it has declared to all the world it could not admit without being compelled thereto , would compromise its dignity in view of the other Powers , would sacrifice its honour in the eyes of its own subjects , and would commit a mental and moral suicide .
" Although the refusal of Russia to accord the modifications required by the Sublime Porte has been based on a question of honour , it cannot be denied that the ground of that refusal was simply and solely its desire not to allow explicit terms to replace vague expressions , which might at some future time furnish it with a pretext for intermeddling . Such conduct , therefore , compels the Sublime Porte to persist on its its part in withholding its adhesion . " The reasons which have determined the Ottoman Government to make its modifications having been appreciated by the representatives of the Four Powers , it is proved that the Sublime Porte was right in not purely and simply adopting the Vienna Note . It is not with tho view of-criticising" a project which obtained the assent of the Great Powers , that we enter upon a discussion of the
inconveniences which the Vienna Note presents . Their efforts have always tended to the preservation of peace , while defending the rights and independence of the Imperial Government . The endeavours made to attain these objects having been as laudable as can be conceived , the Sublime Porte cannot sufficiently acknowledge them . But , as evidently each Government must possess , in consequence of its peculiar knowledge and its local experience , more facilities than any other Government for judging of the points which concern its own rights , the examination which tho Ottoman Government makes is prompted entirely by its desire to justify the obligatory situation in which , to it ' s great regret , it finds itself placed , desiring , as it has done , to continue following the benevolent counsels offered to it by its allies over since the commencement of the differences , and which until now it baa followed .
"If it is alleged that the haste with-which the Vienna Note was drawn up results from the backwardness of tho Sublime Porto to propose an arrangement , tho Government of his Majesty the Sultan must justify itself by stating the following facts : — " Before the entrance of the Russian troops into the two Principalities , some of the representatives of the Powers , actuated by the sincere intention of preventing ( he occupation of those provinces , urged upon tho Sublime Porte tho necessity of framing a draft Note occupying a middle place between the draft Note of the Subliino Porto and that of
Prince Menchikoif . More lately the representatives of the Powers confidently communicated different schemes of arrangement to the Sublime Porto . None of these latter responded to the views of the Imperial Government ; and tho Ottoman Cabinet was on the point of entering into negotiations with the representatives of the J ' ewers on the basis of a project drawn up by itself in conformity with these suggestions . It was at this momont that news of the passago of tho Pruth by the Russians arrived , a fact which changed the face of the whole question . The draught Note proposed by the Sublime Porte was then set aside , and the Cabinets were requested to express their viowa of this violation of treaties after tho protest of tho Sublime Porte . On the one hand , the Ottoman Cabinet had to wait for their replies , and on tho other it . drew up , at the suggestion of the representatives of the Powers , a project of arrangements , which was sent to Vienna . " Ah tho hoIo answer to all these active atops , the draft of our Note prepared ( elahort ) at Vienna , in ado its appearance . " However that may be , the Ottoman Government fearing rightly everything which mi g ht imply a right , of interference in favour of Russia in religious mutters , could do no more than give asHurances calculated to dissipate tho doubts which hud become tho subject of diNotiBBion ; and it will not , after so many preparations and micrilieeH , accept propositions which could not bo received at the time of < . ho « l , ay of Prince Menchikoffut Constantinople . , Sinco tho Cabinet of St . Petersburg has not been content with tho awHuranceH and pledges that have been ofl'orod , tunco the bouoVolent efforts of the High Powers have remained fruitless , wince , in line
tho Sublime Porte cannot tolerate or miller any longer the actual Btato of things , or the prolongation of tho occupation of the Moldo-Wallachian Prtiuupuliticn , they being integral portions of its empire—tho Ottoman Cabinet , with the firm and praiseworthy intention of defending the ) naered rightH of sovereignty and the independence of it , N Government , will pmploy just roprinalH againnt a violation of the treaties which it considers as a casus belli . It notili « in , then , <>/(!• cially , that the Government of Inn Majesty tho Mill tun undo itself obliged to declare war , that , it ban given iiiohI , precise iiiHtruetions ( lots instructions leu plnn natAqoriqnwt ) to his Excellency Oiner Pacha to demand from Prince GortHohakofF the evacuation of the Principalities , and to commence Uootilities , if after u delay of iiftoon days from tho arrival of
Ms despatch at the Russian head quarters an answer in tlie negative should be returned . VAuL p ^ *™^ t ™ « stood that should the reply of fn S S mkoff I * negative , the Russian agents are to quit the Ottoman States , and that the commercial relasSbi btkSff ^ «*** ' * . * . * vo governments * AAth f Same t [ T > SuWim e Porte will not consider it just to lay an embargo upon Russian merchant vessels , as lias been the practice . Consequentl y , they will be warned to resort either to the Black Sea or to theMediter . ranean Sea ... a * they shall think fit , within a term that shall hereafter be fixed . Moreover , the Ottoman Government being unwilling to place hindr ances in the wav of commercial intercourse between the subjects of friendlv powers , will , during the war , leave the straits open to thenmercantile marme . "
The Trieste Gazette notices a difference which distinguishes the present Turkish declaration of war from those which have preceded it . Formerly every act of this kind was preceded by a fetvah by the Sheik ul Islam , as chief of the Mahommedan religion , and which declared the war to be commanded by the church . This time , out of regard for the Christians , the custom has been broken j and the declaration of war is exclusively a political act . The fetvah given merely states that the projected war was not contrary to religion .
Omar Pasha's Summons To Prince Gortsehak...
Omar Pasha ' s summons to Prince Gortsehakoff to evacuate the Principalities , sent by a son of Resehid Pasha , was as follows : — " Monsieur le General , —It is by the order of my Government that I have the honour to address this letter to your Excellency . " WhUe the Sublime Porte has exhausted all means of conciliation to maintain at once peace and its own independence , the-. Court of Russia has not ceased to raise difficulties in the way of any such settlement , and has ended with the violation of treaties—invading the two Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia , integral parts of the Ottoman empire . ' '" True to its pacific system , the Porte , instead of exercising its right to make reprisals , confined itself even then to protesting , and did not deviate from the way that might lead to an arrangement . —
" Itussia , on the contrary , far from evincing corresponding sentiments , has ended by rejecting the proposals recommended by the august mediating 1 Courts- —proposals which were alike necessary to the honour and to the security of the Porte . J " There only remains for the latter the indispensable necessity of war . But as the invasion of the Principalities , and the violation , of treaties which have attended it , are the veritable causes of war , the Sublime Porte , as a last expression of its pacific sentiments , proposes to your Excellency , by my intervention , the evacuation of the two provinces , and grants for your decision a term , of fifteen days , to date from the receipt of this letter . If within this interval a negative answer shall roach me from your Excellency , the commencement of hostilities will be the natural consequence .
" While I have the honour to make ; this intimation to your Excellency , I embrace the opportunity to offer the assurances of my high esteem . " The reply of Prince Gortsehakoff is said to have been in these words : — "My master w not at wav with Turkey , but I have orders not to leave the Principalities until the Porte shall have given to the Emperor the moral satisfaction he demands . When this point has been obtained , I will evacuate ! the Principalities immediately , whatever the time or the season . If I am attacked by the Turkish army , I will confine myself to the defensive . "
The Latent; Accounts From Constantinople...
The latent ; accounts from Constantinople , of the 10 th inst ., by the Vicuna telegraph , state that the Sultan had made a formal demand to the Ambassador of England and France , to Hummwi the allied fleets to the Bosphorus . The Ambassadors had accordingly done so . It is said in a despatch from Buehurestof the 5 th , that Prince ( jiortsehukofF . s mapection being terminated , " the camps had boon broken up , and Russian troops , were- moving in musses on the Danube to the number of ^( MX ) men , with 261 guns . " This does not tally with the upeoiul information which Mr . Urquhurt has communicated to tho Tinias ; to the effect that Reschid Pasha hud declined tho " amicable" o / fors of
assistance , made to the Porte by the British Ambassador , and that the Ercnch squadron vviih to winter at VourlaBay and the British squadron at Mitjlonc . Tho other details furnished by Mr . Urquhart may , howoven" , be more authentic . ll ' w correspondent writes that , — KM ) field-pieces were about to be despatched by hou to Varna . The principal pornoiin £ < 'n have contributed their carriuge-hoTHOH for the service . On the fith , the HteamboaU reached Constantinople Avith the advanced guard of tho army of Mesopotamia , having been despatched ten days before to the roust of Syria to fetch them up . The Seljerijf of Mecca has sent to inform the Sultan that there are 100 , 000 Aruhri at his disposal , who will serve without pay , and auk only to he fiirinnhed with provisions .
The Greek Patriarch At Constantinople (I...
The Greek Patriarch at Constantinople ( it must not bo forgotten that the RuHno-Grook Church in wrouted from the Patriarchate ) lately died with mynl , oriouH HiiddennonH . Hi , had proleHtod against the Protectorate claimed by Prince Monwhikoff , A . synod ban boon tuumnoncd to elect hiH HiircoHHor , and busy intrigued are / it work in the interest of JtiiHHi ' a . It in announced that tho Sultan Iiuh granted a firman for the construction of a canal from Kumhovo , on the Danube , whoio tho river bondft to the north , to KuHtenjdo on the Black fclea . Tho concession in to an English company . If buc «« hhI ' u 1 , this canid will render British commerce iudopondont of Jtupuian obstructions . Tha distance froixi the vxkomo points ia only thirty miles , but the cunul
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 22, 1853, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_22101853/page/5/
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