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10.1.4. THE LEADER. [Saturday, ¦ - ¦ ' '...
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A French paper states that Lord Brougham...
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MECIII ON THE STEAM PLOUGH. At a meeting...
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A SCHOOL FOR TENANT FARMERS. Some very t...
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"THE GOLDEN AGE. This . new American ste...
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THE ANONYMOUS SLANDERERS OF BAKOUNINE. W...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
The Greek Patriarch At Constantinople (I...
would shorten the navigation of tho Danube between Vienna and Constantinople by 250 miles , and bring the mouth of the river 150 miles nearer to Canstantinople . It is stated that the Turkish Government has asked the French Emperor to allow two general officers and about a dozen staff officers to astaeh themselves to his , army . The Syrian contingent to . the Turkish army of Asia will number near 18 , 000 men . . '' ¦ . „ The Prince of Servia is reported to have informed Oiner Pacha that 30 , 000 men are on the frontier , to repulse the troops of Austria ; if they should attempt to enter the
Principality . M . Xavier Raymond , one of the chief political writers of the JoMrnal des USbats , has been sent to Constantinople to report on events . * His first letter describes the enthusiasm of the population for war , and at the same time their dignity , moderation , and calmness , the immense efforts to support the struggle , the effective state of the Turkish army , and the activity and extent of the warlike operations . He had visited the fleets in Besika Bay . The British fleet had suffered much from sickness , but the health of the ships was much improved .
The Porte has expressed its determination to restrict the consequences of the . impending war to Hussian interests only , and to j ) rotect those of all other States , as in time of peace . The Russian subjects in Turkey are , from the 1 st of October , to be placed under the protection of Austria . Omer Pacha lias declared that vessels sailing under a neutral flag "will be allowed to pass on the Danube till the 25 th inst . A command in the Turkish army has , it is said , been offered to Abd-el-Kader , but previous to accepting it the Emir had asked the opinion of the French Government On the subject . From the Danube we hear that " Omcr Pasha has
organized a regiment of Pontonniers , whose instruction was making rapid progress every day . He has nearly completed all the materiel for throwing a bridg e across the river , but it is not expected that ho . will make any movement until next spring . " Prince Gortschakoff , it is said , has ordered 3000 huts to be erected on the left batik of the Danube , and the Wallachian government has to pay 30 , 000 ducats for their construction . " The commissariat of the llussian army" is described by the Times as being " soinfamously managed , that sometimes there is no .. bread . From 10 , 000 to 12 , 000 men are constantly . in the hospital " ¦ with dysentery and typhus . Generals GortsehakoiF and Dannenberg arc also ill . A thing hitherto unheard of in the llussian service has occurred : Generals Satler and Kotzebue have written to St . Petersburg , and declared that , in consequence of the nonchalance of Prince Gortsehakoif , the . army will be ruined before the campaign begins . Prince Paskiewitch is loudly demanded by the army .
10.1.4. The Leader. [Saturday, ¦ - ¦ ' '...
10 . 1 . 4 . THE LEADER . [ Saturday , ¦ - ¦ ' ' . ¦¦¦ " . ' ¦ . '¦¦ . . .. * .- .-. ^ . — ¦ - . ^ rf i lit m Hi rr- —
A French Paper States That Lord Brougham...
A French paper states that Lord Brougham has placed over his portals at Cannes the classical inscription valedictory to public life —• Inveni portum—Spcs et Fortuna , valete Pat nic lusistis— -luditc mine alios . The Earl of Carlisle was at Malta on the 12 th inst .
Meciii On The Steam Plough. At A Meeting...
MECIII ON THE STEAM PLOUGH . At a meeting of the William Labourers' Friend Society , Mr . Mechi made a good speech . The early part of the day h : ul been devoted , mainly , to ploughing matches , imd the speech of the citizen-fanner , spoken alter dinner , explained clearly the scope mid character of the new steam machinery . We give , almost in its entirety , his very interesting speech . Ilia " balance-sheet" was the first topic : — "I have been for a long time asked for my balance-sheet , and a few days ago I sot myself quietly down to my biK > k » to examine the accounts of tho war ; 1 called in my neighbour hero to asisiat me in tho valuation , nnd we both agreed that we were entitled to n larger valuation lor Ullages than last , year ; but laying it , at tho same I found that I not onl y derived my improved rental , but 1 derived a profit of at feast , 3001 ., taking tho wheat at 10 / . a load , and with tho present pricu of wheat , perhaps I ahall got 400 Z . But I beg to ntale that tho difleronce has arisen in n great , meawiro from tho stock account , and my improved Byntcm of irrigation , from its enabling me to . keep double tho amount of stock on tho mime amount of land ; that , ban influenced my crops more or lews , and though 1 have purchased 700 ? . of food , I find tho difference has boon very much in my favour . To that , quite as much uh to ( ho general advance in price , I attribute my hucochh . J . am now in ii better condition than 1 ovor was-more ready i . o produce better cropH in future ;; and I may ' Hay I may fairly congratulate myself on being now safely landed in tho harbour of profit . ( Cheers . ) TJio wyslom of irrigation f liavo ii ( lo ]> tod
certainly does wondoriVil things , it will change a bad pasture into a good one in tho course of a year . There in not u pennon in this meeting who will not , bo iiblo t <» confirm what I Niiy , that do whnt , you will , . and upend what , you will , il ; in ( u ' llicult , to gel , good pnnl , ure on the hard yellow flny ; but tho irrigation appears to make tho old plants die out , and brings you in a new stock of grasMCH mid clover , that ; mukeu tile nnimrtls look bettor , and enables you to keep more per uere . That , bringn mo to the question of drainage ; and tho rnoro carefully" 1 consider thai , tho mom X am o ?> nvineed T nm right in iWw principle , for I umniuv you that tbo liquid manure not , only oat . uraten Che ground to tho depth of three , four , or ( ivo loot , but ruiiH through thoHO nolid elayn , coloured highly , and fcinolling , and you may tmeci it ; in ' tho ditcher for 200 , or INK ) , or ' 100 yards . "
Hfcuain cultivation , in making progreHH . "I liavo a wtrong opinion ^ which in confimiod moro and more wvory day , tliut hUmiui will ttliorMy bo tho powor to cultivate inoHti of our Hoiln , and for this tiimplo reaHon , — that , homw hooii got , tired of ljard work . Wo novor allow thorn to plou gh uioro than an aero a day , whou they aro thou taken olf wttd eo » t homo , bocuuuo you lwio w it would
be against your interest to make them do more . Qn the road the power of a horse regularly worked is exhausted m an hour . He takes a coach seven or eight miles ,- —that as one sta « -e ; and he is then taken off for the remainder of the day : he is worked one hour , and ho rests 23 ,- —and he cannot do that more than six days out of the seven . But if yon get a steam horse , and feed him with coals and water , you may keep on till the end of time , or" till it is worn out . Ibelieye that steam power is as important in the cultivation of the land as in any of the other operations in which it is employed . The great difficulty of the matter has been to get the great weight , that was thought necessary to give the power , on to the land , but I think by our machine we shall get the power of 10 or 12 , or 15 horses , concentrated into the weiht of two tons ; and if we do get it in two
g tons with the power of 15 horses , we shall be able to move a groat deal of soil at little cost . Whether the tilling of the soil , the preparing of it , and the seedingj can be done all at one tune , remains to be seen . The \ inventor says that a rabbit when it scratches up a piece of ground , covers it by what is scratched up from that which follows . This will be the principle of the machine . If it make a hole it will fill it up in the same way ; and if it succeed in that arid roll the land , it will be a great convenience to the farmers . I have also to state that the new American thrashing machine has arrived ; the boxes have been sent down to my farm , and I have suggested to the party that we should have a trial of it on the same day as the digging machine . If that should succeeds—I have seen a model of it , and I think on the whole it is an improvement oa the others we
have in the thrashing and dressing part—he says it will thrash two bushels a minute—I shall be satisfied if it does one ; but this I am rather surprised at— -it is worked by horse power . We of course shall use steam . As to the steam , digging machine , I ought to state that the power will be applicable to all other objects in farming , thrashing , pumping , or anything on the farni ; and if it should ¦ '¦ s ucceed , it will be let out as drills are for small farmci's , I have no doul ) t . I should mention there is another large plan of steam cultivation under consideration , in which ,, by the introduction of a system of railways and endless ropes , the farmer will be able to use an engine of 30 or 40 , or 50-horsc power ; that is under consideration , and I have seen the drawings , but I am not in a condition to say whether it will be earned out . But I think in seven years you will see forty different plans for cultivating land by steami "
Mr . Mechi then praised a new kind of perforated bricks , as being stronger than the common bricks , and with other advice on ,, practical matters , wound up a pleasant and probably useful speech .
A School For Tenant Farmers. Some Very T...
A SCHOOL FOR TENANT FARMERS . Some very timely and judicious remarks "were made at a meeting last week of the Cheshire Agricultural Society . The speaker was a Mr . Martin , and the theme the necessity of especial education for the sons of tenant farmers . " We are all aware , and I hope we all duly appreciate ( he great efforts that have been made by the aristocracy of this country and the public generally , in providing- for the education of the working-classes , and no one more sincerely than myself wishes that those efforts may be crowned with success . We have , niy lord , a diocesan college for the training of schoolmasters ; we have our national schools studded over the country , and a groat national ornament
they are ; we have our endowed public schools , our chambers of commerce , our schools of design , and innumerable other establishments of learning and improvement for all classes of her Majesty ' s subjects but one , and that a very important clasH . I mean the tenant farmers' sons , for whom I do respectfully contend there is notthatadoquatupTOviuionmado which thoir station in society demands . . I believe it is the opinion of some that a very moderate amount of education , and indeed a very meliorate oapaoity , is suflieiont for a farmer . ISpw , my lord , I must take leave to differ entirely from this doctrine ; and when we consider tho difficult and important duties a farmer has to perform , such as tho selection of stock , tho treatment of that stock , understanding tho value of it when ready for market , tho Selection of
proper implements , tho management of their servants , the performance of parochial duties , and a ' grout many other things which necessarily devolve upon him , I think you must apjree with mo that both a aviso head and a well informed mind are quite ) necessary for tho duo performance of thoKfl important dufcios . I am aware that nomo people think tho education to bo obtained in our national schools i . s qui ( , o Hudicient lor a farmer's son ; but supposing thin to bo tho case , I know thero in a strong objection on tho part of 1 ' uriwrn generally to thoir children being sent to tho « nni « schools an thotie boy a who are to beeorno iu after lifo their Horvjintw , as it , tendu to destroy or interfere with that authority the master ought to exercifto over tho servant ; ; besides which they contend ( and I think with reason ) that the tanner has tin great a right to maintain bin position in Hocioty iiM liny otfior neet . ion of tbo community . 1 think , therefore , iny lord , what ; in wanted is Himply | hei owuUoii of .
a proper building in hohic central partot tho . county , which might bo done by a public Rul > Heript , ion , and if piwii Hot in motion I wake no doubt it would bo a nolf-BupporUng institution , as J , know from my inl , oreour « o with tlio farmem of Uuh county that , HOincttung of thin . sort ) In loudly culled for by them . 1 wouhl not confine tho HUbso ^ iyArori to the gentlemen and yeomon of the county , but ; I would take in another olun « of gentlemen whom I think wo may conclude , from the present position of trade , havo a deopinfaimtt in ovrtryUiiug t , hnt ; Ulfty ton , { ( , ( , j H , HUcee 8 B < rt' agriculture , and tlui niereiiHO of homo-grown human food . 1 nwau , tho oommeicinl «»« ti and inaimlacturorH ; and if I ani not very much Hiirit , ak ( tn in my oatiination of tbfjirigood leollnga towards our Uheshiro farmorn , I boliovo « n ajtpoul to tho merchant ; princeH of Liverjiool , and tho rich ^ maiiufacturerB of" ijancHHiiiro and Yorkshire in thin good oa ^ iHO would not bo made in vain . Indeed , I think it , would bo a Very graceful way of acknowledging tjno dvility thoy lu , W tflwiiyo
received , and the obligations they are under to the Cheshire ' formers ' for permitting them , with so much good humour to ride over their fields and fences in pursuit of thenfavourite and exhilarating sport of fox-hunting and other field amusements . However impracticable my ideas upon this subject may appear at first sight , if I am spared , I hop , e many in this room may live to . see the day wlien a building shall rear its head in . some healthy locality in this county , where tlie rising generation of farmers' sons may be able to obtain , a good sound agricultural education . " ( Cheers . ) The people present quickly took up the idea thus put forth , and Dr . Brindley promised topyt the matter in train for a practical issue .
"The Golden Age. This . New American Ste...
" THE GOLDEN AGE . This . new American steamship now in tho Mersey is , in fact , the American river boat sent to sea , and although her speed has not been extraordinary on her late passage , it has been fair—say good , occupying eleven days nine hours . The adaptability of boats of " this class to ocean steaming , not on the calm waters of the Pacific , but amidst the gales of the Atlantic , is as yet an undecided question , for'the Golden Age , the first steamer of her class , experienced moderate weather upon the whole . To test the matter fairly and conclusively , it would require that she made a westerly passage from hence to New York , in what We often find in the logs of the present steamers , '' heavy gales and high cross sea . " Her hull is very beautiful , the forepart being remarkably sharp , more so than in any vessel we remember to have seen , and the afterpart of the ship is as finely cut away . Her paddle-wheels are placed very far affc , and the mainmast is '' stepped" between the paddle-boxes . She has no bowsprit , and for her figurehead she has a full-length figure of Mercury , which is the best thing of the kind-we have seen from the American side of tlie water . The tonnage is 3000 , with 1000 horse-power .
It is in the interior of the ship , however , the novelties are to be found . The Golden Age is designed to cany some 1200 passengers , and in the provision for them is seen the great feature of the American system , house upon house . In most respects the Golden Age differs from our English , notions of a ship . She has on deck what may be called a deck-house , running its entire length , with a passage round the greater part of it , and above this again another deck-house , as high as the top of the paddle-boxes . The vessel will take three classes of passengers . First , there are the steerage passengers , who sleep below , and mess in the forepart
of the deck-house , where they have plenty of room , shelter , and light . The second class may be accommodated in the after saloon , and the first class in the upper saloon . These saloons are nicely fitted up , especially the upper one , which is ae light and cheerful apartment . In this saloon is carried out one of the American " notions , " in tho shape of two bVidal cabins . There id one of those cabins in each side of the ship . One of these cabina is called " Esperance , " and the other " El Dorado . They are elegantly furnished . Tlia bed hangings arc of network , the solas of whito and amber Bilk , and all the other decorations in keeping . '
The Golden Age has but one engine , which consumes but forty tons of coal daily instead of seventy tonsthe daily consumption of tho Arctic . Their shape : il « o precludes vibration , and causes the ship to proceed without straining at a steady and uniform speed .
The Anonymous Slanderers Of Bakounine. W...
THE ANONYMOUS SLANDERERS OF BAKOUNINE . We have received , with a request for its insertion , tho following declaration . Mazzini . Koasuth , Arnold Ruge , and other unimpeachable names , have already disposed of the odious charge which anonyinoua pen » havo sought to bring against the fair fame of the unfortunate itusHian patriot , Balcounine . Gorman democratic combatants , who fought at Dresden in 1848 , now add their united'testimony to rebut the secret slanderer . ' * . We art } happy to give- our publicity to thin declaration : iho more ho that the Journal ( a " liberal" journal , wo regret to add ) which ' admitted the calumny rejects tho vindication : —
TO Till-: ANOSTYMOILS V . M . Srit , — In your letter , entitled , " Tho ItuHHian . igont , Bokounino , " in tho Moniiw / Adverthrr , whoro you endeavour to Hhow , "by facia , " that IJ ; ikounino whh a . IluHHKUvfcipy ,. you rely , strange to Hay , upon hi « revolutionary activity , Inn captivity and prosecution m Saxony , . tuul dejioiid chiofly on thorn for tho ground" your mipportition . ... . I wuh intimately connected with Bakouriine ana " it , i . . - i . .. V U ,. v , inv 1011 with th ¦ of ' '
o proviHioiIury government Saxony , < Dresden at the samo tim » afl thoy did , and guided tii « rtitliijtii of the nion who fought iipon tho barrieadoa thon » , hh far m Freiberg ; I wan with thorn till tho vory « iohi «* foctn" ruiitcd by you ar « altogothor falHo . You ... 0 t * t < v furtUw o » j . ¦ tUai -IWkoiwiino wia »•«
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 22, 1853, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_22101853/page/6/
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