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( j 1008 THE LEADER. ___ .'[Saturday ,
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LETTERS FROM PARIS. [Fbom our own Corres...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Dying Glooms Of Protection. As Castle He...
ago . Stock hny ' ng been mentioned , lie agreed that ttn country ' was thin of sto'le . His reason is significant : — " One of the causes was the great difficulties the agriculturists had lately undergone . In numerous instances , grass land had been ploughed up . enabling the parties to dispense with part of their stock , which gave them , money to go on with and to grow more corn . " After declaiming in favour of a repeal of-the malt tax , Mr . Chowler uttered the following extraordinary small essay on the philosophy of society : —
"But if the revenue could not spare the amount of the malt tax , was there no other class able to pay a greater amount of taxation than at present ? ICe would just quote a passage or ( wo from the Times . He did not suppose any one would say the Times was a friend of theirs ( the iarmors ) , or likely to he guilty of exaggeration . A few days ago that journal described the prosperity of trade , and stated , that in the last year eighty-one new factories were built or set to work in the district of which Manchester is the capital , and it went on to mention the towns in which mills and factories were rising up ; and one , in particular , at Bradford , was mentioned , erected for the alpaca manufactures as well as cotton , covering six acres , ' the principal feature to bo a massive stone edifice , of
considerable architectural pretensions , having one room m it tvl <) feet long , that is , about as long as the interior of St . Paul's , ' and so on . Had any of these colossal buildings been raised in agricultural districts ? Had the agriculturists had the means ? This article seemed to please the manufacturers ; and a few days afterwards a manufacturer wrote a letter to the paper , in which he noticed ' the indubitable signs of prosperity which greet the sight everywhere in Manchester and the surrounding district ; ' and he ( Mr . Chowler ) did not refer to this with envy ; ho was glad his fellow-subjects had such success . But what said the manufacturer next ? Could agriculturists go and do likewise ? ' The most gratifying feature in the long list of names you publish of proprietors of new mills and extensions of existing works ( which , by the way , might be added to ) is that , with the-exception of the few well-known rich old establishments who are extending their plant ,
they are men who have risen within the last dozen years from the operative classes by the force of indefatigable industry , ' and so on . He would ask that company , as practical men conversant with tho state of the country , whether any occupiers of farms had been able thus to raise themselves by their industry within the last dozen years ? ( Loud cries of ' Hear , hear . ' ) Then the manufacturers were in a position to pay a greater share of taxation ; and it was the duty of tho Government ., if they found there was an inequality of the means of living as between one class and another , to attempt to restore the equilibrium , and perhaps the only means in their power at present was by taking oil' the malt tax . He did not mean to say that would be of itself sufficient , but he thought it would go a great way to enable them to contend with their present , difficulties . There were other sources which might make up the revenue if necessary : it was probable that the interest of Hie national debt , would be . lowered .
His impression was , thai the manufacturing interest would not object to a repeal of the malt duly , nor to an import duty on spring corn , barley , oats , beans , ni id peas ; that would not be taxing the ( odd of the people . The niamifaclure of Hour ( lull took place was another important matter . The introduction of gold had hern alluded to . lie ( . Mr . ( . 'howler ) agreed that ( he agricultural interest had passed ( he woixf , but ( bey bad not , got into ( he haven of prosperity , nor would they just yet , without some exerlion . The introduction of gold had been alluded to , us raiding prices . That was ; i gratifying thing ; but ( here ! whs an alloy-- it encouraged emigration . There was a . disposition in all the best men they had , the youngish men ,
to shift out of the country . Wind , was the cause ? That , they were not sullieienll y paid for their labour here . Who would slay here J ' . r 7 s . or PJ . v . a-week when they could get double or tri ple in another country ? Hut / iiere must lie . soinclliing wrong in a system or a Slate when ) a largo purl ( if the populal ion were compelled ( o labour at such low wage .- ; , while in oilier dislrisls-- the manufacturing --they could gel three or four limes as much . What constituted Ihe difference hflwvcii the 11 ampsbire labourer and Hie Lancashire liiauul ' ucl un-r P Were Iheviiol . both Knglishiurii i Was it well that one portion of ihe ; labouring population should lie , on low wages , and another get three or lour times as much , and wallow in luxury and case ?"' Mr . < 'howler demanded perfect freedom for ( he fanners to -row what ( hey like , and use ( heir crops us I he \ like , without , interference from the exciseman . Mr . l » ea I . y ., Ihc vice eliiiiniian , corrected both I , ord llerners and Air . ( 'bonier respecting ( he e-imv of ( . ho . short stock of siieep . " AJr . ( -howler n ( I nhiitcd Ihe increase of l ! ie price of million | o diminished sujiplv . | Air . ( 'howler , we believe , here said , ' l'arlly . ' | Now , wlwn he ( Mr . Ifcaslev ) looked at flic London market , a ad saw that then- with . ' JtMlOO f hcej ) in Siuil hhcld , exclusive ol the foreign imporlal ions , and when he remembered thai ' .. ! l > , M () O sheep in Sinil lilield used to lie considered n very largo marl . el , lie could not . think thai I here \\ as a din iiuislicd stipplv of nhcep in the country . The increase of p rice , m bis mind ho was willing lo hope so , though he u ; n a sound I Vol eel ionisl watt in consequence ol I hi increased prosperity ol Ihe manufnc ! tiring districts . Ill * could not , ¦ hut Ins eves to Ihc fuel , ( hat where I here was such i . ; rcal , prosperity iih in lliclai ' i'e maniilacl uriii"'liiuiis of Lancashire and
Yorkshire , and in Ihe nei" lilmiiri iiv ; town of i \ ol I imdiani , Ihe contuiiipt ion of beef anil million and Hour very (^ really uiercai cd . The import a I iiti i of gold , he agreed , muni- have n ml re , I hough ii . h low and gradual ell eel , upon prices ; and bo really hoped there wan * looming in the dinlancn' ( n , laugh ) a better prospect , than there hud been lor Hoverul yearn . "
And . so , after a few more speeches of this calibre , the latest of the famous Waltham dinners ended . Lord Granby was absent ; and not a single Manners made it convenient to attend . *
( J 1008 The Leader. ___ .'[Saturday ,
( j 1008 THE LEADER . ___ . ' [ Saturday ,
Letters From Paris. [Fbom Our Own Corres...
LETTERS FROM PARIS . [ Fbom our own Correspondent . ] Letter XLIil . Paris , October 19 , 1852 . Bonaparte has made his triump hal entry into the capital , in the midst of enthusiastic acclamations , and of the silence of the population . ISTo precautions had been spared to assure the safety of a head so precious . An ordonnanee , issued from the Prefecture of Police three days before , enjoined all proprietors and occupants of houses facing the line of passage to keep their windows open , even those of unoccupied apartments ; strictly forbidding them to allow the entrance into such apartments of any stranger . All bearers of parcels unauthorized by the police were to be marked . All these orders were immediately executed with extraordinary severity . The hotel of Lady Hertford not conforming- to the ordonnanee , was occupied by troops . This hotel ( you may remember ) is situated on the Boulevard des Italiejis , the ground-floor being occupied by the Cafe de Paris . The first story is the residence of Lady Hertford ; the second story , before the Revolution of 1818 , was tenanted by Lord Henry Seymour , her second son . Since Lord Henry Seymour
quitted Paris , his apartments have been kept strictly closed . Apolice agent , seeing thatthe windows were shuttered , gave notice to the porter of the house to open them ; the porter , on the plea that he had no orders to that effect , refused to comply ; whereupon the police sent a platoon of firemen , who broke open the doors , took possession of the rooms , and occupied them in military fashion till 4 p . m . The same thing occurred in oilier houses , where soldiers were visible at the windows .
All Pains , indeed , was in a , state of military occupation . One-third of the army of Paris kept the ground on the line of the procession , the rest formed a reserve on the great lines of communication . The artillery were stationed in the grand Squares and Places , with cannon loaded mid matches lighted . On the Place du Trone there was a battery of eight guns , on the pretext of firinpn feu de joie , ( which was fired at the Invalidcs , ) but , in fact , to keep the Faubourg St . Antoine in awe . An immense inise en scene had been prepared by Persigny , on tho plan pursued in the departments . Here , as throughout the Progress , every soul belonging to the
administration , high or low , far or near , from the mayor to the garde cliampclre , everybody wearin g a scarf , a uniform , a riband , every official personage , from the r / ahelons ( collectors of the salt-tax ) and the raf . s de cave ( excisemen who collect the wine-tax ) , from the work men of the national tobacco , porcelain , cloth , and powder manufactories , to the mere scavengers employed by the police ; the rag-pickers , water-carriers , ticketportors ; all bad been convoked . This last category of police dependents was decorated with the-ambitious title of " corporations of workmen . " Each of these pretended corporations had received variegated banners adorned with ribands and ( lowers , buf , as the
individuals composing these ; bodies could not be trusted , notwithstanding their dependence upon ( lie police , they were stationed on the Places de la Concorde , without being permitted ( o join ( he eorlrt / e . In fact , since 1 / 8 !) ( here have been no proper corporations of workmen , nor ( railing guilds . In 18 18 only , the workmen of Paris nominated delegates from each trade ( , o draw up what we may call balance-sheets of all the arbitrary act . ; - ; and all the abuses of over-work on the purl , of the masters . Kach ol these industrial bodies resumed on thai , occasion ( be title of " corporation , " bid , since ( he great , eidainil y of . I line , 18 If- ! , the name lias never been beard of . Thus , we see , Mouupsirl e , in order ( o persuade Kurope ol bis popularity , usurps ( lie Socialist , designation of " working-men ' s corporations , " and dresses on ! , a lew hundred miserable cniploi / r . s off , be police in the popular guise . Audi liexeinen . eanTullyeoncoaled from fhcsigh'of ihe real people , were forbidden l <> iigui'ein Die eor / t ' i / e , where they might have been I be cause of . scandal and dist urbanec . The iUuiiicipal Councils of the three depari . incuts of I be Seine , the Seine ef ( ) ise , and ( ho Seine e ! , Manic , were convoked as ( hey had been in the other
depart ineiifs . Uonaparte received an afl ' ronl , from ( hif uuarler . IVrsiguy bad ordered the two l ' rclecls < il ( he Seine e ( , Olso , and the Seine el , Manic to issue edicts enjoining the population of each commune to accompany ( heir Municipal Councillors to Paris . The two IVrfecIs replied ( o IVrsigny , that they found I beinselvcs under the disagreeable necessity of declining ( o comply with his orders , bceau :-e they fell , certain ( lial , the population would , if only out , of obstinacy , resist mich orders , and rcfu . se to budge ; a Mti'p from thoir
homes . The same reply \ was / given for the Rational Guard of these two departments , which was , after all not convoked . Only the National Guard of the ban liene was summoned , with the paid civic force of the metropolis . It formed the line along the Boulevards opposite to the troops of tho line . To the right of each platoon was the Municipal Council of the co m mime to which it belonged . The National Guard of Paris , reduced to a force of 18 , 000 men from 150 , 000 ^ as it was in the days of the Republic ( and 80 , 000 under the Monarchy of Louis Philippe ) , figured in the line of troops ; every one of its twenty-four battalions bein ^ intermixed with a battalion of the banlieue
Throughout the passage of the cortege the National Guard of Paris maintained an absolute silence . A few of the battalions from the banlieve imitated i ts reserve A number of triumphal arches had been erected alonethe course of the procession , some by orders of the municipal authorities , others b y the administrations of the theatres , who used them as advertisements . The arch erected on the Pont d'Austerlitz by the municipal Council of Paris ( a council entirely nominated by the Government ) was 70 feet high , and was splendidly decoratedit bore the inscri
: ption , Vive l' 2 ? mpereur A second had been erected on the Boulevard Bourdon by the directors of the Hippodrome and of the Arenea Nationales ; that on the Place de la Bastille , by the Directeur dto hal of the Elysee des Arts ; that of the " Filles de Calvaire , " by the director of the Winter Circus ; that of the Delassements Comiques and of the Circus , by the directors of those two theatres ; that of the Porte St . Martin , by the director of that theatre ; that of the Boulevard des Italiens , by the directors of the Grand Opera and the Opera Comique .
The secret of all this display of enthusiasm on the part of the theatrical managers is , that they are dependent on the Minister of the Interior , who can at a moment ' s notice withdraw their licences . They received instructions and executed them , like an " order of the day . " Voila tout I This combination had the great advantage of hiding the hand of Government , and making attentive Europe believe in the real presence of an enthusiastic people . Hear how the Moniieur raises its voice to contradict the Patrie , which had informed us that one of the arches was erected at the biddingoftheadininistratieni . " Tliemanifcstations which " are in course of preparation , " says the official organ , " are tho spontaneous work of the population of Paristhe Government has had no hand in them . "
Besieles the triumphal arches , there were light pillars festooned with ilags , ( mats veniliens ) , which hud served , in the departments , and had been sent back by railway in time for this day . The Bonapartists had only to apply to the Prefecture de Police for a supply of these decorations . Inscriptions borne on streamers were e'onspicuous along the line of inarch . Some bore Vine VEnipcreur ; others , Vive Napoleon III . ; others , " Aue Ca'sar , Imperalor , " & . c .
Eve-ry constitutes ! corps was obliged to civet ono with its own peculiar elevie-e at certain points ele'signed by the police . The ; Tribunal of Connnem : being thus compelled to display its device in front of the ; Bourse , n . vengesl its inele : pcndene : e by a . stern simplicity : The Tribunal of Comvicree lo Imus Napoleon . Certain house's on the Boulevard were ) adorned with tricolor ( lags anel elrapcrie's . All the ; theatres were dee-orated with banners . All bore ; inscriptions suited t <> tho oce-asiem . At the ; ( J yiniKLse , it was an eagle bedding in its talons a crown anel , seu ; ptre , with this inscrip tion below :
" To fjouis Napoleon , ' Emperor . At the Amhigu Ce > niie | tu > , we re . ul the ; invocation ol Virgil to the ; Goels of his country in favour of Augustus , whom he culls the " Saviour of flu ; age : " " Dll l'ATIUI JNDKMO'l'KS , " K'l' < - a . e-oniic am / ii iii / t / enough ! Towards noon , ( he ; troops and the National ( iunrd took up their positions . Tim Municipal Councils ol the' three ; eleparfinenfs , the ; collets of Paris , wilb t heir principals anil professors in full e : o . s ( unit ; , the e-onniiiuial se-hools , anel the sediools of the Religious Brol hern and Sisters , tool ; their places at the * points assigned <<> them . I ' rcsenfly arrives ! the dolcjjufion of tin ; \> w ~
feneled " corporal ions of working inein , " as well as I" *' delegation ed" the practical benefit soe-ie-ties , among which we-re remarked tin ; Amis ele hi l ' revoyancc , l |)( 1 Society of Salvors of ( he Seine , ( lie loaders ami uiiloaders of ( he ; Knl repot ( bonded wnivhouses ) , a deputation of Mine ! nie'ii from the Hospital of ihe Quin / e-Vingt , the Soe-iel . y of the Kpicuriciis , flic licensed e-oulcan-ie'i-s , fin ; pavioiirs , the Society of KirrieTH , of ]> ap « | - presse'i-s , of working Miigar-bakern , tin ; workmen of I'alai . s de . luslie-e , of the Klynce , of Mm Tronchnn liiauiifne ; fory , of Mie railways . All 1 heso eleputuf ions hud » ttheir ' head u ling of gree < n and ^ ohl (< b <> /''" '' ' . ' I ' . ''_ Mm President ) , or a tricolour llattf indicating < h " " eliaracter , anel bearing the ; iiiHeription , l'iv < : Ihni-
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 23, 1852, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_23101852/page/4/
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