On this page
-
Text (3)
-
W us it is Jan. 24, 1852.] _ ^ ^_ --— — ...
-
INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. . We have received...
-
PROGRESS OF ASSOCIATION.. TJIE ¦ "JWMPI....
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
The Arctic. Expedition. Extract From The...
J ^ t for channels thelce . a of SJi & SSKr . hooped , anpat ^ m ^ n-topgaU ^ tn « It Head rif you know where that is ) . Beid , who wUl have th ? peculiar privilege of being perched up there says it is a very expensive one . iqth —¦ 'Twelve o ' clock at night ; I suppose we are 140 or 150 miles frpw Cape Farewell , i-lownghard , iutnot a rdugh sea , although there is . a swell . When Isav hard , I mean fresh ; we can carry-much sail , and An I can scarcely manage to get Sir John to shorten « Si at all . Still eloudy . At half-past ten , a bright licrtit amjeared in the north-west , -which was set down
as aurora , but turned out really to be the reflection of sunset The clouds and mist moved off as if a blanket were being withdrawn , leaving an orangecoloured clearness underneath m the form of an arch ¦ with a well-defined dark hotiaon , which clearness turned out to be real clear sky , cold looking and fine ; and now the officer of the watch comes to tell me the wind is lighter , and we certainly are quieter . " Shake a reef out , set the fore topgallant-sail" ( the main being set ) . " Call me at six , if anything happens . " Good night , good night ! _
24 th . —In Davis' Straits . Cape Desolation at noon to-day , bearing east ninety miles , but we can't see it . We have just done with a glorious-gale of wind , ¦ which has been sending us on in grand style . I wrote last on Thursday night , and shall sum up from thence / On Friday , the 20 th ( and : Thursday night also , though I did go to bed so quietly ) , we kicked and p lunged and danced in a tremendous manner , the sea running all manner of ways ; the day was nearly calm , with a very heavy swell , the shir ) rolling deeply . A number of " bottle noses / ' a species of whale about twenty-eight feet long , came dancing about us ; their head is very peculiar , and unless they are close , so as to see their beak under water , one fancies their foreheads are snouts poked up above the
water . All this night we jumped and danced again with a strong breeze dead foul for us , which at midnight had turned into a complete gale ; the air cold , though the thermometer stood fixed at 42 degrees . On Saturday calm again , and smooth water , Molimaules , and trees with the bark rubbed off by ice , floating about . Sir John at dinner } most amusing " with anecdotes o £ -an Indian chief , whom he met in the journey in which he sufferedso much- !« namfed ,-I-think 7 Akatcho- —who appears to have been a fine character . -Sunday , 22 nd . —It began to blow hard suddenly at seven in the morning from east ( you must recollect
that our course is westerly ) .- We struggled through the church service on the lower deck , the ship rolling and tumbling much , the sea curling astern beautifully . Yesterday , 23 rd , we had the highest sea I think I ever saw ; it was very fine . I know nothing fine * than a gale of wind , particularly when you are running before it . We had a few seas on our decks , one of which found its way down on to our table , just as we had done dinner . I dined at our mess to-day , Sir John finding his guests could not hold on and eat too . We are packed close , and can't move very far . But the good humour of everyone is perfect ; and we do dance before it so finely— £ mean before the wind . It rained hard all yesterday and all night , and this morning a glorious sun and a clear blue air sent us
all up to dry ourselves and our clothes . We have gradually altered our course , and are now steering due north . At noon to-day Cape Desolation was due east ninety miles , so we are tnDavis' Straits . The sea is now moderately smooth and the wind still fair . I am writing this at half-past ten , in broad daylight , fair John says that in his voyage to Hudson ' s Bay he passed the very spot we were on yesterday , and was sailing through ice . We have yet seen no ice or land . Xhe sea is beginning to get colder . The air still at 41 degrees , but to day it felt delightfully cold . The monkey abb , however , just put on a blanket , frock , and trowsers , which the sailors have made him ( or rather her ) , so I suppose it is getting cold . Adieu for the present .
Wednesday , 25 th . —At one this morning I was on deck looking at the weet coast of Greeland and an iceberg—althoug h the land was forty miles off , and the berg six or eight . We sailed along it before the-wind until noon ; and the thermometer , when I went on deck , had gone down to 39 degrees , though it still keeps at 42 degrees in tho day . The coast of Greenland looks rugged , and sparkling with snow , tne shadows and ravines forming deep black marks : we regret not being a little nearer to see it better . juub morning one snowy iceberg was to be seen a i _ " 5 off - I am now writing , « ln ™ n i > . » r lnt . itii < fo
as T ? ff ? V r Jlur ?& out a' P laoe Jaarked on tho chart as Ltohtenfels . The eoa , a 8 the sun sot half an hourpSfertlv ^ lm ° mOSt , ^ blue in the shadows ; Sr « rnfl ? aim T ° a ! that tll « Terror ' s mast heads mSe off 1 ? h « ? G - W de ' thou Sh Bhe is half a art evL ^ S ¦ * awfehtfuMy cool and bracing , fcUK ' net SfSTL t ° « = °£ §§ S *?? ££ 3 sa W hs i y , fell ° W « I am very sleenv and tirod but did not liko to go to bod withSub ^ rTt £ !?^ SK
first dayin which we have seen Arctic Land . _ Held says ¦ " We shall soon see the Huskimays , " which he says are vulgarly called " Tfaks" by the whalers , and ¦ ' *• Huski's " for shortness .
W Us It Is Jan. 24, 1852.] _ ^ ^_ --— — ...
W us it is Jan . 24 , 1852 . ] _ ^ ^_ -- — — — --
Industrial Education. . We Have Received...
INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION . . We have received a copy of > a " Report Suggestive " on education , issued by the Parent Board of Irish Manufacture , in Dublin , a portion of which we gladly publish . The report was agreed to and ordered to be printed on the 6 th of January . The first position is , that the primary " duty of a State is to educate its people . " They then contend that the education should begin from the cradle . " Familiar educational papers should be scattered and read in each farm-house and cottage of the island . Mothers should be taught how to rear their children . They should be made aware that to beat them when they cry Or misbehave—to curse and damn them , and call them * brats , " * puppies , ' « little villians , ' when they are perverse—to set them to ' play' to get rid of their importunities or their care—to let them amuse themselves in torturing a cat , a dog , a bird , & c— -to eat and drink all things and everything that comes in their way—to go from day to day unwashed , uncombed , with filthy ragged dress—to have no ideas implanted in their minds but that of coarse tumbling , cruelty , unbridled appetites , thumping , boxing , wrestling , swearing , gasconade , and bravado—prepares their children to become ruffians . These tendencies take root in the child before the age of three , are confirmed at seven , and never after can , by any system of moral , religious , or collegiate education , be eradicated . After education only hides these tendencies , which are sure to break out at intervals even in persons occupying the highest places in every station of life !"
And on this basis they rest their requirements . " In the first place , we should require of the State the annual appropriation of £ 500 , 000 to the purposes of education for the next three years ; and one million a-year for each six millions of the population ever afterwards . To fortify this demand we have only to show the governing powers whajt is going on in the United States , to which our countrymen are flying . In the State of Mas ? sachussets ( whose capital is Boston ) , the population is 900 , 000 ; the annual surnlevied for , and applied to education , is 750 , 000 dollars , at 4 s . 2 d . the dollar—that is , £ 150 , 000 sterling , or about 3 s . 9 d . a-year to each person . To Ireland , with a population of 6 , 500 , 000 , only-dEiaO i OOO are annually appropriated for education : or 4 id . a-year
to each person . In the State ^ of New York , with a population of 3 , 000 , 000 , there are 15 , 000 paid teachers , besides inspectors and state officers of education . In Ireland , with double the population , there are but 5000 teachers , including all superiors , inspectors , and officers ; so that the Americans estimate education beyond us in the ratio of about 35 to 5 . When we add to their schools their teeming , untaxed newspaper press , throwing out its million of newspapers every morning , at a halfpenny and a penny each , we may then estimate the immense distance we are behind them , and be made aware of some one of the reasons why , and to what , our people are daily flying . " If we would make one step towards arresting the wasting ' Jiixodus '—one available step towards raising up this fallen people—we must look this great question
steadily and at once in the very face . " If we are told by the authorities that ' money 'is scarce , ' we answer , ' you find two millions one hundred thousand pounds per annum to support " paupers , " who are paupers merely because they were not educated ; ' we answer * you find one million sterling a year for arresting , trying , condemning , and transporting " criminals , " who are criminals only because they were jiot educated ;' we answer , you find five hundred thousand pounds a year to pay , maintain , and discipline twelve or thirteen thousand policemen , who are required merely because the people are not educated ;' we answer ' you find two millions a year to support the one-third of the whole British army permanently in Ireland , under the plea of law and order , who demoralise our young people , and which law and order would never be disturbed if the
people were educated . . We are told that money is scarce at the very moment the Lord Chancellor gets £ 8000 per annum , the Chief Baron gets £ 6000 per annum , the judges get each £ 4000 to 5000 a year for trying felons ; at a moment that chairmen of sessions get £ 800 to £ 1000 a year for trying petty thieves ; . that seventy-one stipendiary magistrates get from £ 300 to £ 500 a year each for punishing turnip stealers ; and that thousands of others are getting from two hundred to two thousand pounds a year each for some nominal ' services' which it is said they arc performing for the people . " Thus , then , are our resources applied under the account of Ireland : —
For supporting tho poor ( i . e ., the ignorant ) £ 2 , 100 , 000 For supporting and transporting criminals (* . ., the ignorant ) .. .. 1 , 000 , 000 For supporting tho polioo in Ireland .. 600 , 000 For supporting the army in Ireland .. 1 , 750 , 000 For supporting the judges , stipendiary Magistrates , and other persons principally occupied in trying ' criminals' ( i . c , tho Ignorant ) . / . 7 , .. 100 , 000 For supporting 200 chief idlers about our courts and public offices , under pretence of serving tho public , at salaries ranging from £ 250 to £ 750 per annum .. .. 100 , 000
£ 5 , 550 , 000 " Five millions five hundred thousand pounds a year for agencies of coercion or of demoralization I One hundred and twenty thousand pounda—only tho fortysixth part—for education I .,... 11 Wo would suggest that every public school , especially in the agricultural dlstriots , have attaohod to it a email
farm ' and a large garden . In the denser cities and towns the male schools should be established in the outskirts , whereat least the accommodation of a tolerable garden and park could be had . The female school should be quite separate and distant from the male school , and have in every case a garden . Every school should have baths , which can-now-a-days be easily fitted up and be well supplied with , water , soap , towels , combs , brusheSj & . c . 3 ? hystology , or the law of our'bodies , should be taught in every school to the children—a papier machie skeleton or manikin—male and female— -should be had in each school ; the male skeleton for the male school , to be lectured upon by the schoolmaster ; the female manikin in the female school , to be lectured upon by the
schoolmistress . By teaching the growing generation the laws of life and health , we would diminish irregular and filthy habits , uncleanness , and a world of that sickness for which the working classes of Ireland pay so dearly in time lost and money to doctors . . . . . . ' We would next have primary female monitresses attached to each school , who should visit the cottages and houses of the people in a given district , and give kind and patient instructions to mothers about the management of their little children—about cleaning , dressing , andmanagingithem—about ventilation ' , food , exercise , and chastisement . These monitresses should be very carefully selected , having themselves been properly instructed in the district model schools . They should be
imperatively enjoined against interfering with the religious ideas of the people in any way ; but to devote their sole energies on their mission , to reasoning and explaining with the mothers of young children against chastising , beating , ecolding , ' and cursing their little ones ; and teach them that children should be talked or reasoned out of their evil tendencies , and should not be either beaten or caressed , or purchased into good behaviour . These latter practices do more mischief to a people than the worst laws ever enacted by the worst tyranny recorded by history . ' Next to reasoning with the very young , instead of coercing them , is the importance of employing them . Now , very little children will much sooner and much rather learn to make a babyhouse , or a car , or a doll ,
than learn a letter . The impulse of construction is an instinct which shows itself the first . The child must be doing something or making something all the time that it is not asleep or taking food ; and instead of allowing it to use its brawny arras thumping its mother or its nurse , the " " 6 aid nurse or mother should teacb ? 4 % ' to make some . th ing , to construct something even , while the child isyef ° a nursling . A thousand plans and toys can . be invented for the use of children tending to develop the natural impulse of construction . We see that the bee and the beaver , without any pen-and-ink education , become , by the . natural impulse of construction , excellent builders . The bee observes a strict mathematical calculation in all his beautiful architecture ! The beaver manifests the forethought and caution of a military chieftain in erecting his house ! The human species is
eminently endowed with the instinct of construction ; and , therefore , there is the less difficulty in teaching each mortal to provide for all his or her wants ; it only requires that they be taught all the way up from the cradle to construct something useful , and then we have a nation of the best artificers in the world . Little girls of the age of four or five years , can be taught to knit , sew , plait straw , make baskets , at the same school or by the same person who teaches them their alphabet . Little boys of the same age should be taught to build little houses , little ships , make little chairs , tables , ploughs , gates , waggons , wooden spades , wooden knives , wooden forks , wooden spoons , cloth boots , hats and caps . All these exercises may be taught with the alphabet to children under five years of age , instead of ' playing , ' and will prove a relaxation , and , indeed , a source of recreation to their minds a
" We shall now follow them to the public shool , where they should be sent at tho ages of six or seven . Every public school for males should have a loom , a turning lathe , a small furnace , a modelling room , a bench and vice , files , and sundry other tools for making tin ware , Sec , wooden ware , & c , chisels for stone cutting , & c , together with the skeletons or manikins already alluded to ; the b » tha , the large garden , and the small farm ; three hours a day for book education , and three hours a day for learning to make and use machines , for learning the chemical components of earthsmetalsand vegetables ; learning to
, , cultivate the farm or the garden as a recreation , and relief from study , or the exercise of tho memory ; to draw and copy the flowers in the garden upon a thousand tablets and objects . This kind of education would give us , in a few years , a different order of people to what we have at present— -an order of men and women that would notgive much employment to judges , juries , lawyers , or policemen , nor to transport shipB or poorhouses—an order of men and women that would improve the character of tho nation , and encourage the historian to ^ record . its proud annals . "
Progress Of Association.. Tjie ¦ "Jwmpi....
PROGRESS OF ASSOCIATION . . TJIE ¦ "JWMPI . OYEK 8 ' STHIKK . ' Under the pressing circumstances of their , case , tho ongineers hold a meeting' on Sunday last at tho Phoenix , Stepney , to hear u report from Mr . Newton , just returned from Lancashire' Mr . Eglin occupied tho chair . Mr . Newton , ' who was loudly cheered , described tho favourable reception with which ho had mot at the diiferent meetings which he had attended , and at which a desire had been unanimously expressed to support tho position assumed by tho Executive Council of tho Amalgamated Society . " Ho had visited Bury , Oldham , and Manchester ; and everywhere tho same feeling had prevailed—* moat Important fact , when it was romomborea , that those districts
-
-
Citation
-
Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 24, 1852, page 9, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_24011852/page/9/
-