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March 24, I860,] The Leader cmd Saturday...
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GLEANINGS FEOM FOREIGN BOOKS. THE SCIiAV...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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• Hanover, March 19th, 1860. Ttphe Pruss...
l £ JS * t SUBt S f S ? i | S 5 in safe custody , but . in spite of all precautions he found "Wduring the night of the 7 th to frustrate , by committ «» g s ?^ nu » J « . the public punishment that awaited him . He left a ^ n sjtt ^ Seut containing-a full confession of-his frauds , ^ . ^ P ^ f ^ forgiveness of bis Emperor and master , whom he bad so giievously ^ wfcannot get / at the real facts of Urn affair , but it would ^ seem that a greatnumber of persons , some of distinction , are mvolved It is a . matter of surprise that Eynattbn , who had been abroad tall but JaW , should have returned to Vienna , and the more after the following scene , vrhich took place just before Ins departure from Vienna : the truth of it is vouched for by . the Prusszan
Gazette—The baron was invited , with many other officers of high rank , to a supper at Count Gbtjnne's . On his entering the dming-roorn , which was already filled with the guests , and about to take Ins seat , Field-Marshal Benedek rose , and declared that his honour would not permit him to sit at the same table wifti : a general who was stronelv suspected of fraud ; he would avoid his company till iie had cleared his character . Those who were of his opinion would follow his example . Hereupon Benebek took his hat and left the room , and was followed immediately by the whole company . . llie excitement consequent upon this has been farther increased by the arrest of M . Righteb , chief manager of the Credit MobiUer society , who is now in prison ; and the arrest arid sentence to death ot a captain of engineers , Dobe , who was living upon the bounty ot the Emperor at Verona , of which place be drew the plans and sold them to the Prench .
March 24, I860,] The Leader Cmd Saturday...
March 24 , I 860 , ] The Leader cmd Saturday Analyst . 2 $ 7
Gleanings Feom Foreign Books. The Sciiav...
GLEANINGS FEOM FOREIGN BOOKS . THE SCIiAVOSriASfS . If we look at the present state of the Sclavonian races , it offers ns a very varied aspect . It is generally supposed that there are sixty million Selavonians . This race of men must , consequently , be reckoned among the most numerous of Europe , or of the world . It is imposing through its mass , through its -numerical . superiority . This its position among the nations must tend to elevate and embolden it , while exciting alarms and rendering needfnl precautionary measures among the neighbouring nations ; -and . this so . much the more that in recent tniies the idea has become dominant of uniting all the Sclavonian peoples into a common brotherhood , known by the
name of Panselavonianism ; The Sclavouians fall into many branches , according to the point of view from which we regard them . In the first place , they form different tribes , with different names , according to this several regions which they inhabit , and the manifold dialects into which their language has broken . , Following the geographical position of their , lands and of their dialects , we can distribute them into these leading groups : The first , which is also the nearest to our German fatherland , would , according to the calculations of the Selavonians themselves , be the southwestern , or the Bohemian , to which the Czechs in Bohemia , the Moravians , the Rutheuians in Gnlieia , and the Slowacks in the Carpathian mountains must be reckoned , in . number more
than five millions and a half ; or , if we reckon the Wends in the two IiUSrttias , nearly six millions ; they inhabit a long tract from west to east . The secpnd is the Southern , or Servian-Ulyrian group , tp which the Serviaiis , Bulgarians , Bosnians , Montenegrins , Herzegovinians , Slavons , Dalmatians , Croats and Wends , or Slonens & ituis—some of the latter being included in the Austrian monarchy—^ -aro to be reckoned , in number at about five millions . They dwell in a chord extending from the Balkan to the Dnive in Austria , in a direction pxtending from east to west . The tlu > 4 is tho north-western , or Polish group , to which all Sclftvonians are to be reckoned with wlipm the Polish is the prevailing 1 language—about eighteen millions . Tho fourth , north-eantei ' ii or Russian group , whom the Russian Russian
embraces those tribes amon ^ —New —' Great Russian dhilect decidedly predominates , about thirty millions . A scjewtific comprehensive picture of tho differences of these dialects as to words , forms- of words , nccents , and so forth , 1 b yet wanting ; butso much is certain , that those tribes which have closest intercourse witlji the Germans huve takon much from these ; those which dwell not far from Italy , from tlio Italians ; those which are subject to the Turks , from the Turkish , tho Arabic , the Greek , and other tongues , and have thus destroyed tho purity of the , original language , Lingual maps , which are ' now so cpmmon , and which include Sclavonic , . give u lively image of tho extensive distribution of the Sclavonic race , but show , likewise , how , in thin respect , that rnco , luiH li ^ on vo , nt nml rl isin « rK < Hl . Still more striking ? are the
sonarationa which have arisen and continue through religious creeds . In Bosnia a great part of the Sclavouitiiithabitants are Mahometans . The Montenegrins , on the other hand , tho Servians , tho RuBaiuns , the Bulgarians , belong" to tho Gn ? ek Oatholio Church . Tho most of tho Sclavonic nations under the Austrian sway uve Roman Catholics . A small part of them , as well as a part of tho Wends in Luautiu , are Proteatanta . Hero to give imnibora would bo a vain attempt ; but niaps may in' some measure supply tho dofetit—thuse wo mean which fumiali in outline tho geographical d ^ ributton of tho religious confessions . Finally , tho Schwonittns can bo classified according to tho forms of government under which they lire . Iu this relation they aro either independent or
subject . The Russians alone are independent ; all the remaining : Sclavonic races are in a state of subjection , either to the Russians or to the Turks , or to the Germans—especially to the Austrians , the Saxons , and the Prussians . Those subject to the Germans amount to about five millions seven hundred thousand ; the numbers of those subject to other States cannpt even approximatively be given . The lot of the subject races varies much , according to the character of the Government under whose sway they are placed . .. 'Very sad was and is the lot of the Selavonians under the Turkish-. yoke /—a lot which the decree known as the Hatticherif of Guilhane some years ago
slightly mitigated . Very harsh was the bondage of the Selavonians under the Magyar dominion , from which , however , they were freed by the changes in Hungary subsequent to the last abortive revolution there / The situation of the Selavonians under the Austrian Government was by no means joyous . The Austrians troubled themselves little about their Sclavonic provinces , while yet in many ways oppressing them ; but in consequence of the Hungarian revolution , Austria's Sclavonic provinces rose to an equality of ' privilege with the other Austrian dominions . Most deplorable is the condition of the subject which aims at
Sclavonic races tinder the Russian sceptre , nothing else than levelling and Russianising all nationalities in the vast Muscovite , empire ? the Sclavonic nationalities included . The Slavonians had little to complain of in Saxony , where recently they have been placed on the ; , same footing as the rest of the inhabitants , as had long been tlie case in Prussia , though the political and religious fanaticism of the Poles questions or quarrels with the blessing . The Selavonians in Austria look forward , through the changes in that empire , to a better future , to more political freedom , to nobler culture , to a more national existence . — - ILeffter ' s Sclavonianism . ANIMAIi LIFE IN SOUTHEBIT BUSSIA . The forests are the usual pasture grounds of the herds of cattle which pass the whole summer in the open air . The inhabitants of a village generally send out their cattle together under the guidance of one or more herd boys ; thick clouds of dust in the evening * announce from afar the return of the herd ; the long procession seenis as if it would never -end , and we are forced to marvel at the power which man exercises over the . animals when we see the little herd-boy , and behind him the immense oxen which inarch in the van . Horses likewise find pasture in the forests , and it is
magnificent to see the noble creatures obeying nothing but their own wild impulses , playing or battling with each other , or startled , hastening away with flowing mane when men draw near . How great the wealth in horses is , we have evidence of in the daily life of the people . Persons of even moderate means never travel with less than four horses in harness , and often there are six . The peasants frequently make use of one-horsed vehicles called telegas , in which the horse is harnessed to a piece of arched wood fixed to . the pole ; this arrangement favours steadiness of movement . When in a Russian carriage three horses are harnessed abreast , they stem all to be going in different directions , the appearance whereof is curious enough . ^ The
The Russian horses are smaller but tougher than ours . Russians travel with the rapidity of lightning over untrodden tracts , and pay no regard to the obstacles by the way ; in the wooden britschkas and telegas , hpwever , it is terrible wprk for the horses . For long journies the tarantass is . made use of , —a largo clumsylooking , but really light and comfortable carriage , the body of which rests on two elastic poles which are connected by tho axletree . Officers travelling on service , military couriers , and the like , avail themselves for the most of the wooden post-telegas , in which , m spite of an uncomfortable position on a wooden seat right over the wheels , they rapidly traverse tho vastest tracts . These simple vehicles contrast with the fashionable Russian coach , notable for elegance and splendour . It is drawn by from four tp eight horses of the same favourite colour , and of the same size . On the high seat is enthroned the coachman in a long kalian with a red scurf . looks
or silver girdle , and a tall cap bordered with tur . tie very majestic when standing up to drive the . horses , wherein he is aided by a little postilion in a similar costume , who is seated on one of the leaders . .. ' ¦ .,.. .. /• The Russian coachmen and peasants have an infinite treasure of words for talking to fheir horses . Their speech to them is incessant ; they have a thousand eluding , cursing phrases , but they have in still greater abundance tender , " endearing expressions ; they change their voice at every moment , a »» d go rapidly from the
softest , sweetest tones of fiattery , to tho roughest sounds of anger . Tho peasants are , for tho most part , bold riders , mount in a moment -tho wildest horses , which have passed all tho summer in tho forest , and holding firmly by tho mane dash along without saddle or bridlo . The green treeless hills , the wide tracks ot hoath , and the mown fields are tho pasture-grounds of the sheep , many thousands pf which belong to nearly every extensive farm . Above all , those provinqes are tho nurseries of pigs , as Dickons would say , who has ho nftun described , with humorous , lialf ^ ympathismg accuracy , tho
aspects and doings of these despised animals , and who would lind a rich field for observation in tho villages of fcjouth Russia ; so flm of pretty piglings ovorywhore , running about by hundred * , and in all colours , dancing round thoir ugly mothers , playing together , or rolling in the middles , and whioh are not only n characteristic feature of tho villages , but pfton n source ot riches to tneir inhabitants , ' _ ,, e „ . Thq hunter finds in tho South Russian forests scope for his luIJest joy nnd activity . There tho Volvos have their )» omo , and there , in coverts not easily approached , lurk : the boars . Tho stag , witli Ais proud anLlers , bounds past tho oultsj the roe , timid , and . vet stung
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), March 24, 1860, page 19, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_24031860/page/19/
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