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19S n%t 3Lt&t!tX* [Saturday,
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REPRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT of the POOR. Sev...
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DELAFIELD : OR, THE ROAD TO RUIN. The hi...
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GERMANY AND RUSSIA. The Austrian Congres...
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THE AGAPEMONE: JUDGMENT. Vice-Chancellor...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Labourers And The Labour Market. The Fac...
The contest between the miners and their employers in Lanarkshire still continues , and from all that we can learn , the operatives are in high spirits as to the probability of the employers being ultimately brought to accede to their demands . On Thursday , another large meeting of the miners was held at Mainhill Quarry , in the vicinity of Baillieston , which was chiefly composed of the men belonging to the Glasgow , Airdrxe , Holy town , Coatbridge , and Baillieston districts , at which reports were read , detailing the results of the strike so far as these have been ascertained . The substance of the communications on this point was , that over these districts , five of the employers have acceded to the claims of the
men , and are now paying at the rate of four shillings per day , with the agreement that the wages are to be paid weekly . The number out of employment is said to be 10 . 000 . — Glasgow Chronicle . A number of tailors in Manchester , anxious to rescue themselves and their class from the risks of unlimited competition , and from the abuse of the powers of capital , as lately exhibited by the Morning Chronicle newspaper , in its articles on " Labour and the Poor , " have resolved to seek a remedy in their own exertions—in
some system which shall combine their own interests with the interests of other classes of Society . They have , therefore , united together on the cooperative principle , and one of the rules of their association is , that the profits of the association be divided in four equal parts , namely , first , to be paid to the shareholders as a per centage on their capital ; second , to go to the extension of the establishment ; third , to be divided amongst the men employed on the premises ; fourth , to go to assist other trades in organizing upon the principle of cooperation . —From a Correspondent .
The abstract of the parish accounts in Birmingham shows a diminution in the expenditure for the relief and management of the poor , as compared with the preceding year , of no less a sum than £ 14 , 043 8 s . 10 d ., and on the total expenditure , as compared with the same period , the very large amount of £ 26 , 193 9 s . 4 d . The parish statistics disclose results of an equally gratifying character . The number at present receiving out-door relief is actually 3679 less than at the corresponding period of
last year ; and the amount expended in out relief during the week just ended shows a decrease of £ 215 10 s . 6 id ., as compared with the corresponding week of 1849 . Nor is this all ; the number of inmates in the -workhouse and asylum together is 381 less than the number in those establishments at the same time last year ; and , by a similar comparison , the number of tramps admitted to the workhouse shows a diminution of not less than 237 . —Birmingham Gazette .
19s N%T 3lt&T!Tx* [Saturday,
19 S n % t 3 Lt & t ! tX * [ Saturday ,
Reproductive Employment Of The Poor. Sev...
REPRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT of the POOR . Several meetings have lately been held in Leeds for the consideration of the questions of local rates and pauper labour . The first was held on the 26 th of March , when a committee was appointed to inquire into the increase of the poor rates , and " to suggest the means of a more profitable employment of pauper labour . " The committee published their report some weeks since ; on the 13 th instant a and this
meeting was summoned to consider it , meeting was adjourned to the 16 th . The chair was taken by the mayor . It appears from the report that a considerable increase had taken place in the poor rates in Leeds—in the last twelve years from 2 s . 4 d . to 5 s . 4 d . ; a matter which rendered the question of pauper labour of the utmost importance . On these grounds a resolution moved by Mr . Hole was carried , that" Seeing the gradual increase of pauperism , and its burdens pressing upon the industrious classes , and having no adequate control over the causes of this alarming evil , this meeting is of opinion that the recommendations in the report of the sub-committee on the ' cause and cure of pauperism , ' are eminently calculated , to relieve us of the burdens and the evil thus arising ; and we do at this present time most strenuously recommend to the guardians the necessity of taking immediate and
comprehensive measures to put the said suggestions into practice , strictly enforcing the principles , —1 st , that a labour test should be required from every ablebodied pauper ;—2 nd , that the labour shall be as productive as possible ;—3 rd , that the management of the labour shall be entrusted to properly qualified persons , with full power to enforce it , but strictly responsible for their duties ;—and 4 thly , that the remuneration , as far as possible , shall bo contingent upon the results obtained , both to the paupers and the managers . "
Mr . Wilkinson ( clerk to the Sheffield Union ) gave some interesting details of the system pursued at Sheffield : — " He had turned his attention to the profitable employment of surplus labour—the labour of men who could not obtain employment in their ordinary occupation . His iirsc attempt at employing tnen on the land had succeeded ; but it was not so successful as it might yet be . His plan was to reclaim land by pauper labour , and when this land was recovered and put in a good condition , then that the land should be sub-let—affording the pauper an opportunity of becoming an independent labourer . When he first went to ShefHfld , he found that the grinding of corn and the picking of oakum entailed serious loss . Land was then resorted to : and
fifty ncros of waste land were taken upon a lease of ninety-nine years , at a rental of 4 s . per acre . Upon that land a house had been built , and long before the expiration of that lease the whole outlay would be returiu d to the ratepayers . Ho found that in IS 12 3 there were £ 27 , 000 paid to able-bodied paupers ; but in 1818-9 ( after the commencement of the farm ) they only spent , in money paid to able-bodied paupers , about £
1000—thus effecting an actual saving of £ 23 , 000 ; and yet , the pressure of the last-named period was quite as severe as in the former . These gratifying results were clearly traceable to the finding of suitable labour to the paupers . The organized system proved satisfactory to the industrious , while at the same time it afforded a * eady means of discovering the idle and dissolute . In 1842-3 , however , the idle and dissolute were able to overwhelm the guardians with applications , so that it was impossible to apply a labour test under the old system . Moreover , the labour was quite satisfactory to the industrious
paupers . The total loss upon the land last year was £ 43 4 s . 4 d . ; and to cover this was the whole of the produce now growing upon it . In the first year of the experiment they saved no less than £ 10 , 000 in relief , by the Hollow Meadows Farm . At present they had under cultivation three-and-a-half acres of potatoes ; three acres of oats , one-and-a-half acres of wheat , and several other crops , amounting in the whole to nine acres , lne people of Sheffield were quite satisfied ; and the working classes were quite happy in the reflection that in times of rliR t * thpv had the Hollow Meadows Farm to go to .
Mr . David Green , of the Leeds Redemption Society , recommended the taking up of the idle moorland of the country : — " There was enough land and surplus labour in this country to raise sufficient corn to make this an exporting country . Within twelve miles of Leeds were Baiidon , Bingley , and Gilstead moors , where was a large amount of cultivatable land . He believed they must turn their attention to the vagrant population of this country , and make a vigorous effort to at once destroy it . By an institution similar to the Aberdeen Industrial School , no less than £ 10 , 000 per annum might be saved to Leeds ; and beyond that there would be saved the lives , the morals , and the welfare of a great mass of the population . "
Delafield : Or, The Road To Ruin. The Hi...
DELAFIELD : OR , THE ROAD TO RUIN . The history of Edward Thomas Delafield , as related in the Court of Bankruptcy , on Monday , furnishes as beautiful an illustration of the way in which inexperienced , wealthy young men are ruined in London as any moralist could desire . Mr . Delafield resembled Louis Napoleon in one very important particular—he had an uncle . That amiable re-£ 100
lative died some twenty years ago , leaving , 000 to his nephew , then a child . In due time the wealthy minor went to Oxford , where he does not seem to have lived the ascetic life which the Puseyites of that university enjoin , if one may judge from the style in which he began to live when he came to London . Having finished his studies , such , as they were , he embarked his £ 100 , 000 in the brewery of Combe , Delafield , and Co ., about the latter end of 1845 . His income during the two years he was a brewer would have been about £ 7500 a year , had he been content with what his capital produced in the shape of interest at 5 per cent ., and profits to the extent of £ 2500 per annum . But this moderate amount was not sufficient for his liberal style of expenditure . The rent of his house in Belgrave-square , including what he paid for stables , was £ 1095 ; and in good keeping with this , the wear and tear of horses , carriages , and harness amounted to £ 28 ^ 3 . The expenses at Brighton in 1846 were £ 973 , not to speak of keep of horses , wages of coachmen and grooms , £ 2303 ; apparel of servants and liveries , £ 1251 ; wages of butler , gardeners , and others , £ 1354 ; hotel expenses , £ S 34 ; or the somewhat large item of £ 4368 , which was set down in the balance-sheet as " private expenditure . " But the mere living in this expensive manner would not have swallowed up his large fortune quite so fast , had ho not foolishl y allowed himself to be drawn into the maalstrom of Opera-house management . While sitting in his private box at the Italian Opera one evening , in the summer of 1847 , Mr . Beale joined him , and after some conversation about the splendour of the scenery , the beauty of the actresses , and the charms of the dancers , —informed him confidentially that the establishment was in difficulties : Persiani had gone , and money was required to pay the artistes , or the theatre must close .
To avert so dire a catastrophe , Mr . Delafield , whose wealth seemed boundless , was asked merely to give a promissory note for £ 3000 . At this time he had noconnection with the Opera-house ; but from that hour he was gradually led on to become a partner in the management of its affairs . This took place in August , 1818 , nearly a year after he had retired from the brewery , taking all his capital with him . The terms on which he joined the management were , that he was not to incur any liability beyond £ 15 , 000 , but before a year was over he had lost four times that sum . His partners nil contrived to shift the responsibility on his shoulders ; and , so long as he could draw upon his bankers , he continued to pay the various artistes at the following rates : —
Mesdame * Grisi A \" il . " iti Siguori Mario £ 1580 \ lboni 1000 " Tainburini 2805 Vinrdot Garcia 1313 " Salvi i-WO «« Castellan .... 17 i » 8 " Marini .......... ] 8 i ) 0 Persiani lHu " Itojjer 11 ( 10 And a large number of lesser stars at various salaries , ranging irom £ 50 to £ 0 D 7 each . During the same year he bought Willow Bank-house from General Conyors fro £ 5000 ; but the mansion , which was good enough for that gentleman , did not satisfy
Mr . Delafield , who had it pulled down and rebuilt at a cost of several thousand pounds . By the end of 1848 the young gentleman was completely ruined ; but his credit was not entirely gone . He commenced the operatic season of 1849 by a loan of £ 2000 from his bankers ; and soon after was obliged to make his escape to the Continent to avoid unpleasant consequences , where he remained for some months . When the fiat of bankruptcy was struck , it appeared that his debts amounted to £ 33 , 000 , and that the only available assets weregood debts , £ 3 14 s . 6 d .
In little more than three years his £ 100 , 000 had been swept away , together with £ 14 , 164 , which he received as interest and profit on his capital , while partner in the brewery . A reversionary interest , to the amount of £ 6000 , had been assigned to Mr . Beale for an old debt of £ 3000 ; and all that remained for the creditors , to whom , he owed £ 33 , 000 , was £ 3 14 s . 6 d . ! In addition to this sum Mr . Beale was ultimately induced to surrender £ 1000 to them , which he could very well afford , he having taken pretty good care to see to his own interest throughout the whole of the transaction .
On his first examination , which took place some months ago , Mr . Delafield promised to enter into an engagement to pay the creditors ten shillings in the pound out of all future acquired property . . Having failed to fulfil this engagement , the case was once more opened up , and the whole facts stated above brought out by Mr . Lawrance , who opposed the granting of the certificate on the ground that the bankrupt had been guilty of gross and reckless extravagance . Mr . Commissioner Fane , before whom the case was heard , deferred giving judgment for the present . The moral of the story is , that Oxford students , to whom fortune has been bountiful , ought to put
themselves under prudent guardianship for the first few years after they come to London ; and , above all things , that , they ought to eschew everything in the shape of theatrical or opera management . In that wide gulf half a dozen fortunes like that of Mr . Delafield might soon be swallowed , without leaving a wreck behind .
Germany And Russia. The Austrian Congres...
GERMANY AND RUSSIA . The Austrian Congress at Frankfort constituted itself , on the 16 th instant , plenary meeting of the German Confederation . The Congress at Berlin is concluded , and the Princes have returned home . The King of Prussia is appointed to the command of the army , and authorised to appoint two Ministers to govern the Union . The several Princes will send their representatives to Frankfort , protesting , however , against the presidency of Austria . The Erfurt Parliament will not meet till the Frankfort Congress is concluded . The German Constitutional Gazette states that Russia has recognised the Erfurt Union , and consents to of the
Prussia being entrusted with the command army . . Immediately after the definitive construction of the Union the Prince of Prussia will proceed to Warsaw , to confer with the Emperor Nicholas as to the measures necessary to be adopted by Russia , Prussia , " and England" in case of a new revolutionary movement in France . Another Congress is to take place on the 24 th instant at Warsaw . Besides the Emperor of Austria there will be the Prince of Prussia , the Kings of Wurtemberg , Denmark , and Holland , as well as some of the Italian princes . The Russian troops , it is true , have withdrawn from the frontier , but only to be concentrated between it and Warsaw . The belief that they are to march to Paris is general among them . The English Consul at Semlin has been ordered by the Austrian authorities to quit the town .
The Agapemone: Judgment. Vice-Chancellor...
THE AGAPEMONE : JUDGMENT . Vice-Chancellor Knight Bruce gave judgment on Wednesday , in the case of the Agapemone , the particulars of which appeared in the Leader of May the 11 th . The case was before the court on a petition in the name of George Nottidge Thomas , a child of four years of age , presented by his maternal uncle , praying that some person be appointed as guardian of the child , and that his father be restrained from obtaining custody of him . It appeared that Mr . Thomas , brought up to the church , had seceded from it , after taking deacon ' s orders , lie had married a Miss Asines Nottidce , who possess _ ed a
fortune of £ 5000 or £ 6000 , a marriage which Vice-Chancellor Knight Bruce considered ascribable to tlie influence possessed over her mind " by afanatic or pseudofanatic preacher , who styled himself the ? servant of the Lord , ' who seems to have acted less as a gobetween than a spiritual director . " They had been , married without a settlement , a circumstance , the yice-Chancellor thought , which ought to have opened the lady ' s eyes . It did not appear , however , that Mr . Thomas had in any measure neglected the proper maintenance of his wife . The bride and bridegroom visited various places during half a year after their marriage . On the 2 nd of February , 1816 , Mr . Thomas departed from Weymouth , leaving his wife there , and promising or expecting to return in a few days . On the 2 nd of February , 1846 , this confiding and unoffending woman was , without the slighest justification , apology , or excuse , deserted and , abandoned by her husband .. He has never since
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), May 25, 1850, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_25051850/page/6/
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