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has the rate of insurance b J J - ,.1014...
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STATE OP TRADE. Evidence continues to be...
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DISCHARGED PRISONERS. A great meeting wa...
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IKEIiAND. The TiriMsiiAitY Bank Aitkals....
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Neapolitan Question. The Following I...
common to Russia and ^ Moldavia has dissolved itself , ¦\ vithout having accomplished that task . Ismael Pacha , commander of the army of Anatolia , taken prisoner a . t Kars , has received ( says a letter from Sfc . Petersburg ) as a special mark of the Emperor Alexander ' s good-will , the Order of the White Eagle . This is the first distinction which a Turk has received since the re-establishmeat of peace . Tlie Journal de Constantinople of the 9 th inst . confirms the news of the victory gained by the Circassians near the Laba . The Russians advanced to enforce the execution of the treaty in virtue of which they were
to take possession of the country , when Sefer Pasha opposed them with 35 , 000 men , and after three hours ' fighting routed them , as already stated . Another affair has since taken place xiear the Kuban , where the Russians lost five pieces of artillery . r Ihe JPresse d'Orient announces positively the speedy return to the Bosphorus of a French squadron . Contracts had been entered into for supplying them with provisions . The Sultan demands , as one of the "conditions of the new bank , a loan of 25 , 000 , 00 Of . The Porte intends to disarm the Albanians . The expedition against Montenegro is abandoned .
. ; • - DENMARK . . The Ministerial crisis appears to be at an end . All the Ministers , with the exception of M . Bang , remain in office . M . Andrae is named President of the Council , and M . Unsgaard Minister of the Interior . M . Krieger is chargesa with the affairs of the Duchy of Schleswig . During the late military manoeuvres held at Copenhagen in honour of the Crown Prince of Sweden , several severe accidents occurred , as the Danish and German soldiers fired at each other with their ramrods . It so happened that one of these <; ase 3 was brought under the notice of the King , who commanded in person the Danish division , whilst the opposdftparty , consisting of Germans ( Holsteiners and Lauenburgers ) , were under the order of Prince Christian . The Iving of Prussia has demanded explanations of tUe King of Denmark .
POLAND . A sad accident , bearing a great resemblance to the catastrophe at the Surrey Gardens , lately happened at Lublin ( Poland ) . It was the first day of the Jewish year , and a great crowd of persons had assembled in the Bynagogne , an old and dilapidated building , to celebrate the event . During the service , a waxlight fell " tra the ground , and one of the men charged with the lighting of the place gave an alarm of fire : but it was generally thought that the bouse was about to fall . The crowd , composed of several thousand persons , made a rush to the doors and windows to escape , and in the crush upwards of fifty were thrown down and trampled to death .
MOOTENEGRO . The new Russian consul at Eagusa lias visited the Prince of Montenegro at Cettignc , taking with him the arrears of the prince ' s pension , which during the war have accumulated to a total of 40 , 000 florins .
Has The Rate Of Insurance B J J - ,.1014...
- ,. 1014 _ „ . ¦ ¦ ¦ ^ J ^ JLS-J ! iJ . Ag ^ j ^ •__ _ t * j > ^ , Saturday ,
State Op Trade. Evidence Continues To Be...
STATE OP TRADE . Evidence continues to be received from the manufacturing towns that the trade of the country is upon a basis not to be disturbed by the perturbations of the money and stock markets . At Manchester , during the ¦ week ending last Saturday , although the transactions have been on a moderate scale , there has been an improved tone , and the home demand is said to be better than for many years past . The Birmingham advices describe no change in the iron-market . The general manufactures of the place are well sustained , and in some particular branches there is great activity . At Nottingham , the tendency has been towards a further advance
an prices , consequent upon an increasing demand for the United States and also for home consumption . Both in the hosiery and lace trades there is a scarcity of hands . la the woollen , districts there has been no variation , and business is carried . on with caution , pending the approaching sales in London . The Irish linen-markets are slightly less firm . — Times . The general business of the port of London during the same week has been active , although the arrivals liavo been less numerous . The number of vessels reported inward y / aa 105 ; being 93 less than in the previous week .
These included four cargoes of sugar , three of tea , seven of fruit , and a large number of grain and flour . The number of vessels cleared outward was 116 , showing a decrease of 7 ; those clearing in ballast amounting to 17 . The number of ships on the berth loading for the Australian colonies is 52 , being 10 less than the last account . Of those now loading 4 are for Adelaide , 1 for Auckland , 4 for Geelong , 8 for Hobart Town , 5 for Launceston , L for Melbourne , 2 for Moreton Bay , 7 for New Zealand , 8 for Port Phillip , 1 for Portland Bay , 1 for Box * . Sfchy , 12 for Sydney , 2 for Swan River ; aud 1 for Warrnumbool . —Idem .
We t r 8 ^ . *** ' < ll"l 3 r Pa P ers that " a considerable amount of discussion has arisen among the Shields alript ^ niT ^ * * * emeth 0 d ad ° P by * e Income-Sl ^ STT" * " * * ° * bcen " * ttlng in tho . TownbW eSnh ^ r "'! TT "* « usable value of their SELECT ; * V ? - ** ™** li- «> ast ports the shipping property u Jiwuxea ia amtwi insurance-office or Xbs
the rate of insurance paid by the vessels so insured depending upon the amount of losses sustained by the oflices in which they are . insured . The calls made by the insurance-offices are known as ' averages , ' and , of course , are paid , out of the freight earned by the vessel , but Ln some years the losses are so severe , and the earnings of the vessels so small , that the balances of them have to be advanced out of capital , which , however , may be considered a very exceptional occurrence . Those ' averages ' have always been considered by the shipowners as proper deductions to be made from the earnings of their vessels , and , as far as we can learn , have been allowed by the commissioners as such , but this year they have refused to do so , and have charged all the ' averages' income to be taxed . As some owners of vessels inthe Tyne
have Gu , 00 O' £ worth of property afloat , and pay during the course of the year in all probability live percent . insurance upoii them , this decision of the commissioners will cause a considerable loss to them , and , so far as it goes , is a discouragement to small owners in protecting themselves and creditors from the dangers of the ocean . " The petition , made by four of the Directors of tlie Royal British Bank , for annulling the adjudication of bankruptcy upon certain technical grounds , was . on "Wednesday dismissed , by Mr . Commissioner Holroyd , the directors not having fulfilled those conditions for the entire satisfaction of the claims of the creditors , nor taken those other legal steps necessary to set aside the adjudication . "
Discharged Prisoners. A Great Meeting Wa...
DISCHARGED PRISONERS . A great meeting was held at Birmingham on the evening of Friday week , in support of the Discharged Prisoners' Aid" Society- The object of the institution is thus set forth in the report of the society : — " To slid prisoners on their discharge from gaol , by . procuring lodgings for such of them as may be selected by the Committee of Recommendation , . furnishing' temporary maintenance , in case of need , to individuals seeking employment , assisting them in obtaining work or in returning to their homes , and subsequently exercising a friendlj' superintendence over them . " The Recorder of Birmingham ( Mr . M . D . Hill ) first addressed tlie meeting , and observed that a vast proportion of convicted criminals fall back into guilty courses almost directly aftei' leaving prison . " How many tlms fall back , I cannot tell you . It has been ascertained by careful observation that at least thirty-three percent , of those who liave been convicted come again to the criminal bar ; but , although we kuow that thirty-three per cent , come again , yet when w recollect that there are many who-conceal the fact of previous conviction , and who when they go to places where they are unknown are not discovered , we may well believe that probabilities point to a still more lamentable proportion . (// ecu * , hearS ) Well , then , what is to be done ? 1 do not wonder that the masters of the manufactories of this town express their astonishment that no such society as the one I now stand forth to advocate has been before founded in
Uirmingham , because we all know that the moment of departure from the gaol is the most dangerous crisis in the life of a criminal . ( jCheersJ ) It is then , if ever , that the friendly hand should be stretched forth , for the criminal is " tlien recommencing his career . If the only home which he had was that prison appointed for his punishment—if the only friends who were not dangerous to his future prospects were those prison officers -who were appointed to correct him—if he recollected that when his character was unquestionable he could not keep his place in society , but had forfeited his honour—what despair must fall upon their poor wretched fullow-bcing when the door closed behind him of that nuscmble abode ( to him his only refuge ) , and when'he found
himaelf shut from the only true friends he over had in . the world ! " ( flhecrsS ) The speaker then alluded to a noble characteristic in the Birmingham people—tlie frequency of prosecutors begging with tears in their eyes that convicted thieves should not bo punished , and consenting to take them back into their service . In tlie course of his seventeen years' Kecordership , Mr . Hill had acceded to this request in 483 cases ; and , after a strict watch had been kept upon those criminals , it had been found that no more , tlian 78 have again appeared at the bar of any court . " And to what classes of tlie community do wo owe this good ? Why , to the artizan , to tho small employer , who has two or three in his service , and to the small shopkeeper . These are tho classes , 1 should say , speaking from seventeen years' experience , to whom are
mainly duo those great services which have been rendered to criminals and to society . Let it not bo supposed for one moment that I speak lightly of those who are higher in tho social scale . It so happens that masters who have under their government a large number of workpeople have felt—probably rightly felt—that they -were not in a position themselves to undertake tho responsibility of that constant watchfulness which , was necessary to preserve him that hud onco fallen , from fulling again . ( Jlear , Itear . ') I therefore am far from making any invidious comparisons ; yot the fact still remains that it is to the least 'wealthy portion of tho middle classes of this town that the roclamation of that large number of their fellow-creatures is due . " Mr . Hill concluded by exhorting his auditors to do their best to
assist the convict on his release from prison , and mmespecially to meet him at the very gate of the gaol J £ save him from the abandoned characters who notori ' onsl lie in wait for him there with a view to seducing him once more into vice . The Recorder of London followed in the same strain observing : — " How many of these poor creatures have no homes , or , if they have any , have bad relations -win corrupt them ! Atone of the largest establishments near London— -I mean the Brixton House of Correction —the officers stated that they could manage well eaomrh those who have no friends ( by friends he meant relatives ) , but that those who hud any , and were visited by them , were constantly corrupted . " After a speech from Sir John Pakington , in support of the same views , the proceedings of the evening were brought to a close .
1 he sore trials of ticket-of-leave men were illustrated on Tuesday before the Birmingham Recorder , by some remarks of Owen Owens , a man brought up for judgment on a charge of picking pockets . He said : "I was sentenced in April , 1853 , to seven years' transportation . I was "lirst taken to the Borough ( aaol at Leicester where I was detained eleven months . 1 was them sent totlieDefen . ee hulk , Woolwich , ' where I was kept for two years and one month . Then I received a ticket of leave , and was sent back to Birmingham . I found mv father a cripple , and unable to support me ; but I felt determined and resolved to lead a new- life and seek for employment . This I succeeded in doinsf , but lhadonlv
been at work a day when it became known that I -was a ticket-of-leave man , and I was discharged imiiiediatelj ' . Afterwards , I procured work in two other places , but directly it was discovered I was a tiuket-of-Ieave maul was discharged from my employment . \ Vhat could I do then ? I could not starve , and so I was compelled to steal to get riiy living . I hope your Honour will take these circumstances into consideration , and have mercy upon me . " The Eecorder in passing sentence , said : — "Owen Owens , you have committed manifold crimes ; but , as you are what , the lav considers a great offender , voti can be permitted to work yourself out of gaol by good conduct , a privilege tlie Legislature docs not concede to the minor offender . If 1 were to
sentence you to penal servitude , you would not be allowed this privilege ; therefore in mercy I sentence you to be transported for fourteen years . " In connexion with the subject of tickets of leave , Mr . Hill on Monday made some observations to the grand jury assembled at the commencement of the Birmingham Quarter Sessions , lie-remarked : —" Gentlemen , it was to the confusion between convicts discharged on tickets of leave , the period of whose sentences had not terminated , and convicts who had been free absolutely , or , if liberated -with ' -. tickets of leave , had been out of prison so long that their sentences had expired , —it was tlie confounding , I say , of these descriptions of convicts , and considering them as ticket-of-leave men , which
produced wiiat I may freely call the panic of the last winter , throwing the good people of this country into a state of mind which placed in extreme danger the permanence of a measure having most assuredly the soundest foundation , whatever defects might weaken its superstructure . Our advance towards the rational treatment of criminals , however , has happily been secured , and a peril has been averted , the magnitude of vhichwe can scarcely over-estimate . Nevertheless , it cannot be denied that the public had very reasonable grounds for complaint aud misgivings . The responsibility of tlie convict discharged on ticket of leave has been in practice little butter than nominal . The rule - \ vas to send him to the ' town or district in which his on ' ence had
been committed , but no intimation of his return was conveyed to the police , and consequently they had no means of ascertaining whether he hud come out of prison on a ticket of leave , or whether he had received an uucoiulitional discharge . In the latter event , he was subject to no control until ho committed a fresh ofTimec . In the former , his ticket was liable to recal at the direction of . tho Secretary of State . " lie concluded by advocating reformatory movements , which he thought caa only bo wrought out by allowing to the prisoner a small amount of free action to test the sincerity of his amendment .
Ikeiiand. The Tirimsiiaity Bank Aitkals....
IKEIiAND . The TiriMsiiAitY Bank Aitkals . —Tlie several , appeals to tho Lord Chancellor from the decision of the Master of tho Rolls ,, with respect to tho Tippcrury Joint-Stock Bank , which were HpeohiUy fixed for hearing on Monday , wore , by consent of all parties , postponed to tnc end of the ensuing Michaelmas term , or until after 1 no 25 th of Kovembor . The grounds of this postponement were , that tho English shareholders liudniado an . oftcr ot compromise in reply to tho circular of the oflicia manager , and thnt there was a fair prospect of an arnica .-bio settlement boing como to , wliicli would prevent tuo assets of tho bank being squandered in fruitless litigation . Tho appeals applied to tho cases of tho flfty-t" ^ English shareholders , Mr . Vincent Scully , M . l * - » ? Wilson Kennedy , Mr . J . 15 . Kennedy , and Mr . Starling . Many a Si-nr ' twixt the Cm- an » the Ijir '"""~~ etatemont having gone abroad that the massive g" " l ( lc . f ¦ which was presented to Mr . Smith O'JBrion by the Irwu
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 25, 1856, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_25101856/page/6/
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