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COUNT NESSELRODE'S VERSION OF THE VIENNA...
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Max 26, 1855.] TME LJEABEB. 4JBfr
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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War Miscellanea. Russian .Loshks.—Lord L...
. marches-and of sickness . A-new report was presented itOithe . Emperor Alexander in April , fixing the total loss of'the army to March 31 at 250 ^ 000 . In this report , especial stress ¦ ¦ was laid on the effect off the . marches , and ^ some disastrous incidents were particularised . It * was stated that an entire company had perished under the snows' between Odessa and Perekop , and another between St . Petersburg , and ¦> the south . An entire battery had been lost in the same'manner , with the men and horses . The guns were found after the thaw , and are again , in use . —Daily News . M . Fane , Officierd'Ordonnance of the French Emperor , has , it is said , carried out to the Crimea a new plan of operations , concerted between the Emperor and Marshal Vaillant , and that it was the inability of General Canrobert to acquiesce in this plan that determined his resignation .
Russian Supplies ^—A letter from Odessa , of the 25 th ult ., in the Danube , says : —" The heavy rain which has ¦ been falling here for some time past has rendered the roads quite impracticable . In an order of the day of the 22 nd , General Osten-Socken has expressed the hope of being able to attack the enemy with success . General Xiiprandi has returned to the entrenched camp of Kamara . Not less than seven hundred waggons -laden with halls and shells have been conveyed into Sebastopol , as welLas 140 j 000 pouds of gunpowder ; the poudds about 351 bs . New'Works are being executed in front of the bastion of Korniloflyand sixty + two pieces of cannon are-to be placed there .. "
The Goveenok ofBalaklava . —Amongst the Russian prisoners brought home in the-Simla last week , was the ' - Governor of Balaklava , who was taken prisoner when Balaklava was first seized by the English army . In the confusion of the capture , the Governor lost his wife and daughter , and has never heard of them since , lie ; appeared quite broken-hearted on account of his misfortunes . Denmark , and SwSRen . —Rumour states that the British and French envoys at Copenhagen and Stockholm have received instructions to inform the Danish . and Swedish Cabinets that their neutrality can be no longer acknowledged , and that they must declare openly either as friends or foes . In consequence of this demand , the Swedish militia has been ordered to be mobilised .
Xokd Dusdonald ' s Plans . —It is said , and , we believe , is correctly said , by well-informed persons , that the scientific commission appointed to consider the feasibility of Lord Dundonald ' s plan for destroying the arsenals and fortresses of theTRussians , have reported in favour of the project , subject to certain conditions , which will have to be decided by military engineers .
—Athe-¦ nceum . English Prisoners of Wak in Russia . —The Earl of Clarendon has published a list , received from an unofiicial source , of some of the English prisoners at Voroiietz , in Russia , who have been relieved from funds supplied by her Majesty ' s Government for this . purpose , through the obliging intervention of the Danish Minister at St . Petersburg . The number of articles distributed has been 50 caps , 59 coats , 82 pairs of trousers , 143 shirts , 40 stocks , and 88 pairs of boots . N . KW Russian Works . —A now battery which the
¦ enemy has ' completed , to the left of the Mamelon , is intended for four guns . They have also run a boyau , or wigzag trench , on their right of the " Onorage Blanc , " down into the ravine , with the intention evidently of connecting it with that which runs from the left of the Mamelon , or possibly with the trench which connects the line of rifle-pits in front of the French parallel . The enemy has enlarged the rifle-pits opposite the boyau , running from our advanced parallel . Every day , jp fact , brings now moves , now devices , to defeat our exertions ; but , notwithstanding , we continue to advance our works . —Morning Post Correspondent .
The Allied Fokces . —The availablo force of the French is thought to be about 100 , 000 men . Our own army is probably at least equal to its first strength ; the Sardinian contingent numbers about 10 , 000 , or 12 , 000 ; and tOmar Pacha has a powerful army of Turks , at Eupatoria . Thus Nuw Russian Levy is twelve in one thousandnot in one hundred , as we erroneously stated last week . Tjuk Hkal ^ u of thus Tkoops continues very . favourable . . In one of tho divisions in front , which , with tho regiments attached to it , numbers G 000 men , there nro
460 aick only in the hospitals , including cases of all kinds . A few cases have occurred not unlike cholera in some . of tho symptoms ; but they havo been alight in character , quite detached , and some of tho principal features of that disease havo been wauting . Tho provailing cause of aieknosH is atill fovor . Tho sanitary condition of tho camps is now excellent . Tanks arc continuing to bo made , and every attention is paid for thoipresorvatlon and careful distribution of tho water . This is a moat necessary provision . Tho weather has continued dry , warm , and favourable for operations in tho field . —Daily News Coi-rcspotident .
Tim . Turkish Contingent to bo ofllcerod from tho Anglo-Indian army , and to serve under tho command of General Vivian , still remains in inexplicable idleness at Constantinople . General Vivian , according to a letter written by one who appcura to speak from his own
knowledge , has not once intimated his wish to see the men who have come to serve under his command , but , on > the contrary , will hardly recognise any officer of his contingent whom he may meet as he strolls about the streets in his plain clothes , apparently doing nothing . One of the officers has already resigned , and others , it is said , intend taking a : run over to the Crimea on their own account , for some chance of active employment . General Vivian ' s omission -to pay his respects to the Sultan is looked upon as very ill-judged . Eupatoria . —The Trieste papers of Friday week publish the following despatch : — " 8000 Russians are menacing Omar Pasha . Their cavalry is endeavouring to cut off" the Allies' communications by land . The bulk of the Russian army , 150 , 000 strong , having taken up a position near Siinpheropol , is in non-interrupted communication with Sebastopol . " We have seen no confirmation of the above ; which , at the best , is doubtful .
The Tueks and Tartars amusing themselves at Eupatoria . —The fine mild weather and calm sea have already induced some of the more enterprising Tartars and Bashi-Bazouks to open the bathing season , and the beach presents now a complete contrast to its former appearance . The piers , not long ago the centre of activity , have quite a desolate aspect , with the exception of one situate in the middle of the town , where a large quantity of wood is daily landed ; but , if the piers are' deserted , the whole extent of the beach is
covered daily by hundreds of Tartar women washing their clothes , and higher up towards the quarantine building , where-the sand is deepest and the slope of the beach gentlest , by soldiers and Tartars washing themselves and their horses . After the long winter and the little opportunity which this place affords for copious ablutions , it is quite a treat for them to be once more in their favourite element , as you may judge from the joyful yells with which the beach resounds towards noon . — Times Correspondent .
The British Military Hospitals at BalaJdava , Smyrna , and Scutari , are now in a comparatively excellent condition . Disease is diminishing- ; the proportion of deaths is less ; and the comforts of the men are greatly increased . Still , many reforms remain to be effected ; and many of the details of management might yet > be improved .
Count Nesselrode's Version Of The Vienna...
COUNT NESSELRODE'S VERSION OF THE VIENNA CONFERENCES . The Journal de St . Petersboury of the 12 th of May contains a circular addressed by Count Nesselrode , on April the 28 th , to the different Russian legations . This document—which occupies eleven columns of the Journal—gives a narrative , with comments , of the recent negotiations at Vienna ; and , although the facts are only sucli as have already been published in our official history of the same transactions , it is not uninteresting to see them from a Russian point of view . We therefore annex a few extracts . After some general and preliminary observations on the sentiments with which Russia entered into the debates , Count Nesselrode
observes" The sittings of the 17 th and 18 th of March were devoted to the question of the Principalities . It was settled honourably , loyally , and disinterestedly , as the late Emperor wished it . In his august thoughts he had essentially at heart to maintain the populations of Moldavia , Wallachia , and of Servia in the peaceful enjoyment of the religious and civil immunities which Russia had assured to them as the price of her blood shed for a century in the cause of her co-religionists . " Their immunities remain intact . Tho protocols of Vienna 2 and 3 havo served to consolidate their
maintenance , under tho collective guarantee of all the high contracting parties . By this guarantee , the privileged regime of the Principalities enters tho domain of tho law of public right in Europe . Hitherto tho caro of watching over tho execution of tho engagements taken by tho Porte in her quality of sovereign Power fell upon Russia alone . Hcncioforth she will sharo that obligation with tho other guaranteeing Powers . This community of duties will put an end to that feeling of rivalry which the exclusive surveillance exercised by Russia gave rise to .
" For too long a time public opinion had denounced that state of things to the hatred of the stranger under tho name of tho Russian protectorate . This is the proper phico to remind you that you will not . find that expression used in any of our treaties—either in that of Kainardji , or in that of Bucharest , or iu tho convention of Akerinan , or in tho treaty of Adrianople . There could bo no question therefore ) of erasing from our acts a protectorate which never existed . " The Vienna protocols , then , do . scrvo appreciation as a permanent pledge of Hoeurity added to tho bases upon which tho political and national exigence of the Danubian provinces ) ropo . sos . Tho Imperial Cabinet hurt tho Hati . s faotory conviction of having loyally accomplished'that result with tho double object of assuring on tho ono hand tho wolfaro of tho . se countries , and , on tho other , of putting aside now causes of misunderstanding , rivalry , and perturbation from politics jn general . " My protocols 4 and 5 it was agreed to apply to tho navigatiou of tho Danube tho principles generally
established , concerning . river communications by . the acts ;© f the Congress ; of Vienna . In virtue xrf ^ that legislation , ia mixed commission will henceforth have the task . of removing the material obstacles which have impeded the navigation , and on more than one . occasion have given rise to the complaints of commerce . "
Coming to the consideration of the Third Pointthe revision of the Treaty of 1841 , or , in other words , the limitation of the Hussian power in the Black Sea —Count Nesselrode observes that , in the preliminary meetings of the 28 th of December and the 7 th of Januarv , the Allies refused clearly to define their conceptions , declaring that the precise arrangements depended too much on the events of the war to allow of the bases being settled at once . " Public manifestations in France and England , howeversufficiently betrayed the idea which lurked behind
, those words . It aimed at the destruction of Sebastopol . Doubtless , according to the calculations of the Cabinets of London and Paris , the military operations in the Crimea , going hand-in-hand with diplomatic deliberations , were to influence the issue of the Vienna Conferences . AVhen they opened , the anticipation was not justified by events ; and therefore the name of Sebastopol was never uttered . Russia is indebted for this silence to the heroic resistance of her brave generals , officers , sailors and soldiers . Their noble devotion has been the most victorious means of negotiation . "
The Russian Plenipotentiaries , as we all know , wrote home for fresh instructions with respect to this Third Point ; and it now appears that the answer they received was to the effect that they were to abide by the instructions with which they were charged by the late Emperor ; so that it seems obvious that the reference to the young Czar for a confirmation of the policy already dictated by the master spirit who had just left them , was merely a
device for obtaining time . The instructions given by Nicholas-were to the effect that Russia would not oppose the throwing open of the Black Sea to foreign vessels of war , provided she were allowed a similar rii ^ ht of entering Avith her armed ships into the Mediterranean . Having alluded to Lord John Russell ' s declaration that the only admissible conditions of peace would be those which should combine the " honour of Russia with the security of Europe , Count Nesselrode
proceeds" Lord John Russell cannot be surprised that the propositions made on the 19 th of April were not judged by the Imperial Cabinet as ' the best and only admissible ones . ' In sooth , to limit the number of vessels in the Black Sea while the naval forces in the Mediterranean remained without control ; to open the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus to France and England while closed to the Russian flag ; finally , to stipulate the nomination of foreign Consuls in our ports without the Imperial government having it in its power to refuse them the exequatur—a right enjoyed equally by France and England , in the territories submitted to their rule;—surely these were not conditions of a nature to assure the blessings of a solid and durable peace to Europe ; for a transaction , to be permanent between States , must be mutually honourable ; otherwise it is not peace , but
an armistice . " These considerations , appreciated in their exact truth , will complete the proof that in reality the combinations suggested by the plenipotentiaries of France and England would have offered fewer and loss solid pledges for the peace of Europe than the plan drawn up by the late Emperor . He threw open the Black Sea freely to the flags of all nations , thereby he put an end to the isolation of the Ottoman Empire , and to the apprehension caused iu foreign States by the disproportion of the naval forces of the two Powers who have territory in the Black Soa . By ceasing to be closed , it was made accessible to the surveillance and observation of all other Powers . This did away , also , with the fear of the presumed danger to which tho capital of the Ottoman Empire might be exposed by tho vicinity of ouriiaval establishments . "
Tlie Russian counter-project is then described ia detail ; the subsequent suggestions of Russia after tho departure-of Lord John Russell are stated ; and , at the conclusion , tho chief points are thus summed UP "T " ho first was ono of political rivalry . Tlio Emperor took tho most exalted view of it ; lie resolved it m the interest of tho welfare of tho Principalities , the prosperity of which KiirtHia had promised to guarantee . She has " ^ Th ^ eoond ^ ' -Se ^ vith general interests Of commerce Tho IC . nperor has decided in favour of tho { rG ^ t £ a concord , not only the general balance of power , but touched nonrly tho dignity and honour df Russ , 7 It was thus that our august master judged it . T „ ullon « l sentiment of the whole country will respond
« Tho fourth point was one of religious liberty , of « . ivili «« tlc > n , and social order for all ( Jiirlatendom . In tho oyo / i of tho Imperial Cabinet , it 1 h that which ought one day to bo placed at tho head of a treaty ot general peace worthy of being invested with tho sanction of all
Max 26, 1855.] Tme Ljeabeb. 4jbfr
Max 26 , 1855 . ] TME LJEABEB . 4 JBfr
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), May 26, 1855, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_26051855/page/7/
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