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M** 26> 186ft] 3^^ad^j c^^(^urd ^ ; ^np ...
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THE TEUE AND FALSE IN EDUCATION WHILE it...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Tenant Right. Mr. Card Well Will Probabl...
posed by most advocates for the recognition of tenant right , and jt -wdk not therefore encounter that strong hostility in the . House of Commons which previous measures , violating every principle of justice and political economy , have necessarily provoked- Even the House of Lords may be wining toaceept it as a settlement of an agitation which has at times threatened to be troublesome . The chief danger to which it is exposed is the irrepressible eloquence of Irish patriots , who are sure to waste the little time that can be devoted to the bill in such a busy session in omnium gatherum speeches , embracing every topic , from the annexation of the Legations to Protestant proselytism in workhouses , about which
Irishmen and 'Catholics take any interest . It marks * indeed , a marvellous change in the condition of Ireland , and in the feelings of her people , when we find the chief members of independent opposition prepared to support , whilst stylingit a mockery , « ueh a bill as that of Mr . Caudwell ' s . In the first place , it is solely of a prospective character , has none of that retrospective operation which was the great demand of tenant right meetings , and its prospective working will be of so limited a kind , that the only thing the friends of tenant right realty obtain is a sort of legislative sanction of the principle for which they have contended . Mr . Cabdtvbll proposes to give the holders of settled
property power to borrow a sum of money for the purpose of improvements not exceeding a fifth part of the value of the property by annuities of twenty-five years . The amount , and the propriety of its application , are to lie determined by the Chairmen of counties—barristers executing functions something akin to those discharged by the English Chairman of Quarter Sessions—after hearing any objections which the reversioner may make to the outlay . Such holders under settlement are also to have power to grant improvement- , leases of forty years ,
but are not to take fines as the consideration for them . Lastly , and this is the only part of the bill which deals with tenant right proper , a tenant from year to year is to be allowed to give notice to his landlord of his intention to make certain improvements , and if the landlord consents , or makes no objection , he may execute them , and obtain from the Chairman of the county a certificate charging the cost upon the land by the same twentyfive gears' annuity—which annuity , if subsequently evicted , he can recover from the landlord for the uhexpired portion of the
twenty-five years . If the landlord objects , the tenancy is to terminate . ~ ,. There is certainly nothing in this measure to alarm the most timid landlord . So far as he is concerned , it is merely an enabling bill , allowing him to improve himself , or find a tenant willing to do so . No tenant can force improvements upon his landlord , since the very notice places it in the power of the landlord to determine the tenancy . The only persons whose interests nnn be affected unfavourably , are the tenants in remainder of settled estates , who may find , when they come into possession , those estates charged with annuities for money low rent for fort
uselessly expended or leased at a y years . Important as it is that every owner of land should have the power to lease it , the term proposed is needlessly long . The great invprovements effected in Scotland have all been accomplished -under nineteen or twenty-one years' leases . A longer term diminishes too much the interest which a landlord should feel in his property ^ and does not give sufficient spur to the energy and industry of the tenant . That , however , is a question between the present tenants of settled estates and their successors , and its determination will not at all affect the question of tenant right , with which , indeed , it has no connection ; it might thevcfore have been more appropriately dealt with , simply by a further extension of the powers recently given to the tenants of hunted
estates . Any tenant-right bill must be , like this one of Mr . Cardwell's , a sham—or like those of other years , a measure of more or less confiscation , and it is not creditable to the House of Commons that it should lend itself to the one any more than to the . other . The improvement of the land is a matter to be settled between the landlord and the tenant ; the latter has no business to expend his money for that purpose unless under a lease the term of which is sufficient to recoup him , or a
written agreement specifying some mode in which , upon the determination of a yearly tenancy , such improvements may bo valued . It is entirely a question for the parties themselves , and the law has no right to givo the tenant the power of improving against the landlord ' s will , any more titan , as many Irish and some English agitators really ask , to give to the occupier the actual property in the land , reserving only to the landlord ft certain quit rent , fixed by n jury of tenants . Nor is there anything in Hie peculiar condition of Ireland to necessitate a departure from sound rules of political economy . The land of Ireland has ,, in great part , changed hands . The bulk of it is no longer held by beggared landlords , but belongs to men of
capital , who are themselves willing to do the necessary improvements ; and it is absurd to suppose . that the class of small farmers , for whom tenant-right is most urgently demanded , are in a position to expend large sums of money in the improvement of their occupations . The tenant-right they wanted was the right to hold their farms against the will of the landlord , arid at a rent to be fixed by themselves , or that privilege of selling possession to any incoming tenant which has grown up in some parts of Ireland . * The Legislature could not grant that ; but the Government has resolved to do something out of sheer
weariness , and hence this bill . It is time , however , that this system of exceptional and unsound legislation for Ireland should cease . Its only effect is to keep up dissatisfaction and agitation in the country / and hinder the full development of its resources . Real justice to Ireland would consist , not in passing special laws at the demand of fuming patriots to favour special interests , but in treating her exactly as the rest of the empire , and legislating for her upon the same general principles which are applied to England and Scotland .
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The Teue And False In Education While It...
THE TEUE AND FALSE IN EDUCATION WHILE it is generally felt that Education is the only mean for effectually resisting or remedying the social evils that afflict the community in this and other countries , it is not so generally understood what Education itself is . What passes for such at ' ordinary schools , or even extraordinary universities , falls very short of the idea . An eminent scholar , just called to the Chancery bar , confessed to us that he had then to commence his education afresh . His college courses availed him but little when the real pressure of life and its duties had to be encountered . It was not alone the technicalities of his profession that he had to master : but he had to select for himself a course of
philosophy and poetry , which was either too modern or too native to ' find a place at college . All that belonged to : the presentworld , and-to liis xjwri country , as well as all that appertained to his immediate business , had yet to be mastered . ^ And he worked , accordingly , at Continental philosophy , and English and German poetry , in the solitude of his chamber , every spare moment that he could rescue from the bar . And when he had done all this , he felt only as a " schoolboy who had just finished his task . There were still the influences of the active and busy world to be received , and which were destined to modify materially his speculative views , in order to fit him for the practical trials , whether of his professional or domestic life .
How few , even in the class of individuals such as the gentleman now portrayed , have contrived , notwithstanding all the instruction so expensively procured at our colleges , all the subsequent study gone through in order to supplement its usual deficiencies , and all the knowledge procurable by the practice of a learned profession , —weTnyrhow ^ ew-of ^ jese-h ave-beeii-abJe . so to conduct the double life we all have to live , as to doty reproach in matters concerning both the professional and the domestic . If successful in the former , how frequently unhappy in the latter . A wife ill-ielected , children ill brought up , a house ill-managed , all come in proof of educational defects that touch us in the nearest and dearest points of existence . As we descend the scale of society , they salute us in a form still more and excite our unmitigated loathing and disgust .
gross , Such is the ordinary view presented to us of this great subject—a view confined within the limits of the actual , and patent to every observer . Were we to call in the idealist to our aida Kant , a Plato , or a Sockates—we should find more important fruits- —faults of a fundamental kind—that would lead us to question the basis and root of existing systems , even-when connected with the most favourable conditions . It was , after all , as a barrister that our eminent scholnr was forming his mind . If he sought to goin a correct knowledge of German , transcendentalism , or'French eclecticism , or English realism;—countries
if to those studies he added tho poetry of the different , that he might be able to dress the ideas of philosophy in the language of poetry—it was , after all , that he might shine at tho bar , and compete ' more , successfully with his rivals . Whatever his desire , he had no leisure for more than this . Philosophy and poetry , if studied for themselves , require time , and imply stages of development ; but our barrister had to hurry his acquisitions , read up his authors in regu . lar sequence , and apportion so many hours * reading to cneh day . He could make no pause for reflection— -nllbw no time for the identification of what he had read with his states pf consciousness—suffer no reactions , no emestio ' nimrs : but all had to be imbibed as so much positive consti
increment , and to assimilate as it oo « ld with his mental - tution . Followed as it was by tides of professional experiences , and pressures of personal anxieties , it soon grew subordinate to the routine business of life , and only so far regulated it as it was useful in sudden expediencies , nnd might . bo readily brought
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), May 26, 1860, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_26051860/page/7/
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