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796 THE LEADER. [Saturday,
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CIURGEVO. The Daily News correspondent, ...
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ITALY. Garibaldi's letter disclaiming an...
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TKADJS WITH RUSSIA. Thb Berlin, correspo...
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Tp\POHCY OFMEDEN. It cannot be doubted t...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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796 The Leader. [Saturday,
796 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,
Ciurgevo. The Daily News Correspondent, ...
CIURGEVO . The Daily News correspondent , although no sort of authority upon matters military , writes cliarming letters about the people and the country . Here is some gossip about Giurgevo : — " A great deal of the order which reigns is certainly dne to the untiring vigilance of Major Chichinski , a Polish officer , a . protege , of Lord Dudley Stuart , with whom he came out "here last winter , and by whose recommendation he was ^ received'into * the service . He has ten Wallachian policemen Tinder his orders , and he himself , either on foot or on horseback , is constantly moving about in every direction from early morning till nightfall ; no easy life ma climate like this , ; where the heat , even in the interior of the bouses , is at this season all but insupportable . Thanks to Ms exertions .
confidence seems now thoroughl y restored ; the shops are being opened ; two hotels are : already flourishing in full vigour , and the prices of articles are beginning to diminish , and the streets to put on ah air of animation and life . ; WdM § ri ~ may now be seen at almost every door , knitting or sewing iu the shade , attired in the simplest manner in the world—viz ; , chemise descending to the ancles , and partially covering' the shoulders , and two large aprons , one worn in front and the-other behind , etvoilq tout .: This costume is certainly not- yerj graceipal , but it has the grand merit of coolness , -which is a complete and triumphant answer to all r objectipas « that ; may : le inade to it on the score of want of propriety . The chemise comes up about as liigh as an English lady ' s ball-dress , and the portion of the neck which is exposed is cpnsequently ' . very effectually bronzed , as is
» so the face j owing to the want of any better head-dress than ^ handkerchief . I no > speak , of course , of the lower classes , the wives and daughters of the small shopkeepers , and of the ^ peasantry ; : The Jewesses and those of a little liigher rank are more pretentious , and indulge in : gowns ctrJZuropienne , ¦ a nd ,: for anght I know , in petticoats ; But a bonnet is rarely ; if -evCT - seen , eiceptr amongst the * ladies of the boyards When a ;¦ white : or gaudily-coloured handkerchief is not worn tKei hair isfgenerally very tastefull y arranged , aiid- not unfre-. qnently ornamentedwith a flower or two . They all seem to pass . the Entire day at the doors « f their houses , ; engaged in some light labour , and are by no means so shy of strMngers '/ as . - " the Bulgarian wonienj who flythe glance of a man as = if it wereithat of ; a basilisk ; . It is / however , ' chiefly in , the
evening that they love to congregate in the © pen ' any to . enjoythe . coolness after the blazing heat of the day- The evenings' here are beautiful beyond measure . The- snn , which | ias . coursed all . dayalong a cloudless sky , parching everything ^ vith rays pf fiery splendour , generally sets in ^ ory , painting the western horizon in the most varied and mystbriU ^ at . hu'es . ; " But we miss the lon g , baliriy , dreamy lapse ^ f" an . ¦ 'English'jammer's twiiight ,, the soft , peaceful , andfSw gathering oftbe shades oTnight ; " which in / riorthern & nrie §' jgbe ? so far to cojmpensate for cloudy skies and uncertain ¦ weather . ' The ' sun has here no sooner setTthan darkness' covers the landscape like a curtain , and instead , of leSving . ydu . a long hour to saunter , to muse , to whistle , to . fembkb , \ or sentiinentaiise , drives ¦ ¦ ' you off to your books , if ^ ybfr tfave ¦ got ? any ^ which is not bftea the case in this part of the world , and if not , to bed . "
>"'' ¦•¦•¦¦ , ¦ ;¦¦ . - BUCHAREST . [• ¦ ¦• \ : '' " ' The ^ rks , it appears , . graduaLlly and cautiously felt their way to Bucharest , and were by no means inclined to rush : after the retreating foe with that headlong speed counselled by their would-be friends iftthprne , The first , squadron of Turkish , cavalry entered Bucharest on the 6 th : —• ¦ " About five miles from Bucharest the ground rises slightly , and we obtained a , view of the loftier buildings of the town for the first time . There is . nothing striking cither in its position or public edifices , the country , like the rest of Wal-Jachia which we have seen , being perfectly flat and , poorly prodded . The domes and "steeples , which are covered with tin W ^ tes , ' glitter in the ' sun and mark the site from , a distance , but u is . ttot until thVtown itself is entered that airy idea can
fcVfbrme & 'bf its " s ! zb and importance . The cavalry were halted close to the suburbs , one troop being sent forward to patrol Wie ' streets . ' The arrival of the Turks was quite unexpected , So' no demonstration was made , but as they , passed through the Suburbs , whiph are poor and , straggling , and inhabitod entirely by the lower orders , the people camq £ < x their doors , evidently much surprised and ,, pleasedj ' arid such of them as iitiderstobd Turkish shouted out words of welcome . It was 'liot till after crpssingtlie river Dombowitza that we got into 'tire' tHniti ' streets .. ' , JJy this' time' the news jiad spread , and ' cMwoVpf people qame out in carriages , on horseback , aiid on' fodt ' , to' welcomo theTurks . ' The ladies bovyod' graciously IVortithe windows i arid in every direction that the soldiets Wssfefl th 6 r ( icetti 6 tt was most gratifying , I saw some of the
luu ; sex , wlio' -vyoro peacefully shopping or Visiting in their chrrlngca in ieri ' orance of , whut vyas going on , got rather Warmed on Suddenly turning tho corner pf ij street to find themselves surrounded , by / a band of Swarthy aymliora with land ' os iinuVarbmbsl and they screanied something in Wallacliihn tb ' their coachman which mi ght bo intorprotcdI into nn toAti to get but of ' the way of those dreadful Tujrlcu . But they . wero ajwaya speedily reassured , arid either joined in the jptJoccfjsJori , or , by making a ( tttour through less-throngod atir ' e 6 t & , lay In Wait to have another look , and wave n hnndl &' rchtef to . the soiaiora . After' patrolling Bucharest for ui jjuuiduiv tiiii
zv uuupxu , uumuumuju juiuuu regiments ' 6 jitsi ( jQ and returned to Dnrosohti , the eoldiors wearing 'Jtno torlands they had received like turbans round their fejsi 1 Next * morning a " numbor of carriages camo out to Dnroachti . They oxpootod that tlio town would bo fovinnlly Entered and occupied , and tho authorities uont to my tlmt lOiOOO'Wnv ' ea of bread « nd abundance of forago w « ro prepared . But HaUm Pasha , an nndeoidod and timid officer , sont # « o « f < kr thi whole . foroO tore turn to Kalugoroul immcdiatoly , "M W 6 ? oloek on the 8 th , three regiments of Turkish cavalry 5 || d iiJjO' Oosdnpka elarted , under tho command of llallm ffi }* 5 SJW Paflliaa , nrrlvlng « fc Bncharost « t about I i > . m , ff * SV terttt » lo «» , ' « Mo aathdritles , and troops , and a great potworx of tho population camo out to moot thorn , and
escorted them to the barracks which had been prepared for their reception . " The appearance of Bucharest is not what might ie fairly expected , considering that it is the capital of a large province , that all the principal boyards , or nobles , mice there , and that they are fond of comparing it to Paris in point of civilisation and luxury . There are no really fine public buildings , and the houses of the nobles , though comfortable , iiave small pretensions in point of size or elegance . There are two theatres , French and Wallachian : the latter is used as an Italian opera in winter , and is one of the best fitted up buildings of the kind that can be met with anywhere . The inhabitants of Bucharest are about 100 , 000 , of whom 13 , 000 are Germans , about 100 French , and a number of Armenians and Greeks . The latter are reckoned the sharpest of the sharp in money matters , and & Wallachian proverb says that one Greek is a match for three Jews . Tlere are only t-wo
English missionaries , and few of the inhabitants have seen Jin Englishman . Bucharest is quite beyond the usual beat of travellers for amusement ; and all the commerce is done by Greek houses . When the Russians entered the Principalities the Emperor of Russia sent an order to the governing Prince of Wallachia to remain at his post ; the Sultan sent him a firman to come to Constantinople and pay Ms tribute ; the result of these frvr'O forces wasa trip to Vienna . The Government is now carried on by ti Council of State formed , of those ministers who have portfolios . The boyards , or nobles ^ all live in Bucharest ; the whole soil of the country belongs to them ; they farm them to Armenians or Jews , and it is only in very rate instances that they have country houses ^ b which they can pay a short visit in the summer , ;; The lower classes are entirely on the Turkisii sidei . and most of the nobles alspj but some of the latter are Jftassian in their sympathies . ' -
¦¦ .. . , XTSUTENANrT BURSLE . ¦ ' - . / One of the heroes who ; died in the flght at Ginrgeyo was Iiieutenant Burke . Here is . an account of Kow he fell . The namo of the gallaat sapper meutioned was Andrew s : ^ ¦ /¦ : . ' ¦ - '¦ •¦ : •;"¦ ' ¦ ¦' - . ' ' ¦ - ' . •' Miv Burke ' s body was fonnd aftertbe action m which he lost his life with no less than : thirty- three wounds upon , it The Russians had taken his sword belt , but lus sword vras found hidden in some long grass close ' to-the corpse . The ring finger of both hands was cut off . He was seen by -tne sapper whb ¦ went ; With him fighting desperately to the last , though surrounded by a horde of BussiapSi \ Vlien he first leapt on shore fronx the boat six soldiers cliarged hini . Two he shot-witli . Ws revolver , one he-Cut dbwn .. with : his swqrd-rthe rest turned and fled . ! While he was encouraging the Turks , who were in the stream ,, to rbw qnietly to the land ,
arid forming them- in line as tliey landed ^ , conspicuous as he was hi frill UDit ' orm and by Tiis white cap cover , a number of riflemen advanced front behind a ditch , and took deliberate airii at him . Poor Burke charged them with headlong gallantry . As he got near he was struck by a ball ,. - ' which broke his jawbone , but he rushed on , shot three men dead at dose quarters with his revolver , and cleft two men through helmet arid all into the brain with his sword . ' He was then surrounded , and while engaged in cutting lis way with heroic courage , through the ranks of the enemyi a sabrecutfrom behind , given by a dragoon as hie went by , nearly severed his head'from his body ; and he fell dead , covered with bayonet wounds , sabre gashes , and marked with lance thrusts and bullet holes . The sapper who was with him stood by Mr . Burke till the last , but could not save iiiwii He is now only recovering from his wound and the effect of his exertions . "
Italy. Garibaldi's Letter Disclaiming An...
ITALY . Garibaldi's letter disclaiming any part in the insurrectionary movement , now supposed to be contemplated la Italy , has produced the follow ing reply from a body of emigrants who profess faith in Mazzini : — 41 General , —Your protest , which wo have lately read in the Piedmontese journals , has given rise to sinister interpretations . For the sake of your honour , -which wo , having fought under you , have the right to defend , woaakyou fora frank and loyal explanation . Wo have shared with yo « tho fortune of war as well as tho sorrows of oxile , we have « hed our blood ,-with you . for the triumph of an idea— 'Italy . ' Our adversaries fancy that they see in your letter ft compromise , a denial of your programme , and of our thought . It ia for you . to disabuse the misled , and to confound tho mialoaderB . "
Tkadjs With Russia. Thb Berlin, Correspo...
TKADJS WITH RUSSIA . Thb Berlin , correspondent of tho Times gives some interesting particulars relative to the Russian transit tracje viO . Prussia . " The ioxporfc of flax , honip , linseed , and wood from Ittissia by wny of Memel , both Tby land and river conveyance , continues on the same increased Bcalo as hitherto . Tho extent of increase since the re-opening of trade this spring under the liberal auspices of tho English and French eonceasions to nqutral Powers , may be catimated by atating thai the turnpikes in tho ncighbourFiopd of Momel take ton tim < is as much toll how aa is uBual at this time of tho year . One of tho Prussian Gristom-houacB on tho Ituasian frontier
eomotimes taken ns much as 1 , 000 thalors a-day for import duties . " The difficulty and slowness of land carriage ftom tho interior of Jtussia to any neutral port have of late OHUBcd many Prussian produota to find a ready tmlo , wlicro th « pationcc of purchasora w « h too Borcly tried from tho abovo cauaea ; thus almost all the hemp in tho province of Piounson hns beon bought up , for want of Russian produce . Hitherto it wan Riga thai sont tho most goods to Momol for thqpwrppooof tho Kuropcon markota ; but just of lato , na tholtiga trndo slackened , tho gooda from St . Pctm-Hbtirg havo taken thoir place , VVntor-carriiigo to Mcmol is now almost entirely suporspdod by land triinsport , on acoount of tho savii ) g of time . 'Freights are going down vory rapidly , whllo prices for land carriage coutinuo
to rise . The demand for harvest labour has of late , however , made the conveyance into Russia of the quantities of goods lying in Memel impossible at any price . The fear of being surprised by the English cruisers has driven the land traffic further southward from the coast , so that now goods are generally sent through Lithuania , l > y way of Garsden , instead of through Courland , by way of Polangen . The articles that Eussia exports just now by the assistance of Memel come for the most part from the neighbourhood of St . Petersburg , by way of Kowno , and consist of flax , hemp , oil , tallow , wool , yarn , & c . What she takes in exchange are cotton , sugar , wines , coffee , spices , and other colonial produce . The demand for articles of luxury and fashion is very much less now than in former years . From April 1 to July 1 of this year there were forwarded
to Memel , via Tauroggen , no less than 125 , 070 poods ( 401 b . ) of hemp , 169 , 493 poods of flax , and 33 , 791 poods of hards : so that it is reckoned that on this road alone 300 , 000 silver roubles had been expended for the carriage of the above . Many streets and open spaces in Memel have at times been quite covered with flax and hemp laid out to dry , or to be dressed , for the state in which these articles arrive , damaged from rain , and from faulty preparation previous to ^ packing , renders them very . dangerously combustible neighbours . Every species of warehouse , coachhouse , stable , or outhouse in the town and its neighbourhood is pressed into the service at fabulous prices . In the latter half of May there frequently arrived per day as many as 500 cartloads of hemp and flax from Russia-. On the 4 th of that month there were 186 vessels , lying in the harbour and the Dariga river , unable to discbarge their cargoes on account of all the landingplaces being occupied . " : ' . ' . '
Tp\Pohcy Ofmeden. It Cannot Be Doubted T...
Tp \ POHCY OFMEDEN . It cannot be doubted that the fall of Bomareund will tell upon the : policy of Sweden . For a long time certain journals in that country have boldly urged their jGovernment to join the Allies , and prosecute the ya * with Svyredish troops in ' Finland . < - } reat nave been the clamours , also , in this country on tte same subject . The Swedes , however , are ; qu 5 te able to take care of tlieir own interests and to bide th 6 ir own time . Among the recent leading papers on the subject there is one very striking " , and especially apt at this moment . It occurs in the Nya Verinlands tidning :: —r . ¦"¦' ; '' .. . - . ¦'¦ ¦ . - '¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ : ¦¦ ¦ " . . . . , ' : '¦¦ ... ' . " ¦ ¦ .- '¦ .. " The declaratiori of neutrality , -which i in March and April , a short time before the breaking up of the ice , made it possible . for Sweden to avoid a rupture with Russia , will not suffice , on the commencement of t lie approaching winter , if the fleets of the Western Powers have sailed , or arefrozen in , and the enemy bivouacs oh tlie . frontiers of Sweden , ready to cross the bridge which is laid every year between the coasts of that country and Russia . . " The latter will liavo six months to ncgociate w / ith ; Sweden , and \ yill probably make the same demands as slie did in
March , and April— -demands which , as it seems , have never been abandoned , and will be repeated with greater importunity than last spring . "The northern provinces of Sweden , like the Danubian Principalities , which were likewise invested before the com-: mencemerit of winter , aro exposed to-un occupation . Sweden has no Silistria or liustcliuk there , to arrest tlie march of aKussian army . Nor is there a Balkan , or even a wall of Trajan to be crossed , ere the capital is reached , so that Sweden will have to dofend herstlf in open fight and in her own country .
" It is true the fight will not last beyond the six months of winter . Then the fleets will rc-appear , and stop the retreat of the enemy , if it has not been sufficiently hasty . But meanwhile a considerable portion of our country will have been exposed to all tho sufferings of war , to all its dangers , and all its sacrifices ; the ravaging of Norrland , tho soizuro of tho shipping of Gefle ( exchanged for Bmhestad ) , the plunder of the nol > ie Treasury at Upsala , and tlie wealth of the capital—all this risk would then bo incurred , " If , under these circumstances , Sweden is to lend an ear to the admonitions of the Western Powers , it must be in timo to avert the disasters of war from our frontiers during the onsuing winter . " Either Sweden must open her Jiarboura to tlictr fleets and receive auxiliary forces this vorj autumn , or we muat next winter be prepared for a war against Russia in our own bosom .
" In the first case , tlie defence of Sweden must be combined with the recapture of Aland , which ia much nearer to Sweden , with which it has a tolegrnphic communication , than to Russia , the inhabitants of which arc gamine , trucheavteil Swedes , and which would form tho outworks for the defence of Stockholm . Under those circumstances , Russia would scarcely venture an invasion of Sweden during the winter . " Tho whole plan during the your of going through Finland to St . Petersburg , however griuid tho idon , had one irramcdiablo defect—tho attack \ vi \ ntcd u baaia , tho most necessary thing in nil fiystctna of attuolc or defonce . By Swedcn ' a bocoininpj this baain , tho plan would bo renewed with xnoro hope of ( iuccosH . Tho Wcatei'ii PoworH aro oliyc to the importance , of this , and will probably do »\\ in thou
powor to ciloc't a combination with Sweden , ofionnp ; her snbeidios nnd gvjiirnntccfl for tho future . " Lot us lay anido tlit-so Hpcculutiona aa to tlie exact amount to ho guincd by Sweden ' s taking part in this gigantic atrugglo of tho U « y , and u » to tho eventual Hrrangonifiits on Lho return of poaco . Lob u » root in tho nsBunuico that nil Kuropo now hccb tlioncccHMty of forming a great a nd powcrful Stato in tho North , « nd tlmfc tiutindiiiavid will itliow lior-Holf worthy to occupy her former pluco uinon ^ tho htatcu oi Europe , tho pobition sthu nehioved by so many licroio exploitH , maintained for ho many conturica with ho much honour , and only lout , by pvrfldy ami tveuehory . "
Aland is captured ; wliut will King Osonr any now to Generni Uarngufiy d'Hilliors fresh from the battloflold ?
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 26, 1854, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_26081854/page/4/
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