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^ 1ER^EA]>E ; K ^ryTOAT ^
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Bjf far the most important, however, of ...
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« THE -FOm POINTS." In the present state...
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PEACE SOIREE AT MANCHESTER. The customar...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Diplomatic Notes. The German Courts And ...
ra ^ V ' ^ ter & ice , ^ t ^ ingentl ^ neces sary for the oflfensjLre ;* '" "'• ' ; . ' .. „ ,. CI ) iwtBuoIcbncJuaes by- pressing , foxunmediate idforiBftttQu , of Prussia ' s intentions- . ¦ _ _ ^^ vSafcii reply *& in the form of instruction * fro ^ ifcWMaateuffel to ^ Couat ^ Arniro *« Wm a 3 fflsM « r afcTOenna . M , <* e Manteufiel . adoute tne ^ niSity © f / carmug * P an , understanding , but hfeMiuesty had " from the . same point of view un * intqmwtecUr 4 i « ctea hia attention to , the couraft of eTeota' ^ Qps hefopre Count Buol ' s despatch , of Dec 24 " , '" " ! By the measures , taken larger bodies of troops weraieftdjr foe action within a much shorter period
thaathatconditioiiaUj : appointed inthemilitarycon vention , of April 2 Q , and therefore Gaunt Buoi ' , pfelierisions might be reasonably set at rest . Prussia caimo * believe that Russia " . will assume the offensive if not attacked . " There is no immediate necessity for joint action , or for exceeding the terms of the Austro-Prussian treaty of April , providing for mutual aid in case of aggression from without . Prftw »« bas every reasoj * to believe : in the sincerity of Bu & sia ' s desire for- peace . A ? she is excluded from thaT conference for the interpretation of the . Fqut Points , aiha declines to enter ; into the .: Eastern compilation . ¦ -
_ _ _ „ . _ , .. .. . 'X ireek after ( "Jan . 14 ) Count Buol rejoins ro a conununication addressed tp the several ministers qjE Austria at the secondary and minor state * of : the Gejppanic Confederation , He suggeststhehollownei » of Russian overtures for peaee , and on the necessity of the German Federal contingents being fudj ^ y armed and ready for action , so as to place Geijcnskoy " in a position to command respect- ' * For thj * . purpose a Federal commander- ia-rchief should be appointed .
^ 1er^Ea]>E ; K ^Rytoat ^
^ 1 ER ^ EA ]> E K ^ ryTOAT ^
Bjf Far The Most Important, However, Of ...
Bjf far the most important , however , of this series of- diplomatic documents is the despatch of M . iDruiiynda Xhuys to the French ambassador at Beriin > rejecting the claim of Prussia to take any p ar * in . the settlement of the great European quarrel , from : the ' danger of which she stood aloof . We take ouc analysis fromthe Indepentfanee Beige . _ After recapitulating the claims of Prussia to participate in the settlement of the basis of peace , " not from her adhesion to such or such a particular oonveotu > n > . t » ut from her rank as a . great power , " the French Minister of Foreign Affairs proceeds as fol-Iowrj- *—
• V'Tha French Government has to observe that there arein this statement two kindsTifideaa—one-concerning the relations of Prussia and Austria , and the other relating to the situations of Prussia in Europe . France will not jnake any reference to the former , which helongs only to the Germanic Confederation ; but as to the second , , she is disposed to speak distinctly . France does not / deny : the rank of Prussia as a grand power- * -the French cabinet itself has often , during the last two years , rwn ' ncLed Prussia of the obligations involved in that rank which she puts forward with go just a pride . But thflgwdUy of great power is a permanent matter ^ and ci ^ upt ^ abflSd ^ ed 6 n © i 4 fty ; because of its bturdteo ^ to b » refliuped . the day after , for the cake of its conveniences . Its-right * an & its . duties are correlative , and cannot ha semrated ,.
" Tbara , are no reasons for supposing thai England saui A * M > trin . t » kfi . a viair of these things difFere » itfiroi » that <* € Austria ; but be that as it may , it iavery certaift . lbajt , France will not admit that a power may of its owik will hold iteelf aloof from great events-while they attt taking place ,: and not maintain its pretension to rogolat * thftir consequences . The gains of a . war « re onlgn for thoee who-have carried on that' war , and the adVtuntagAA derirable from the present war—advantages essontially moral—will be the right to participate in the deliberations , which ore undertaken in the interest , of Europe for the restoration of peace . "What has Prussia done to have a right to such participation ? She has refused to proclaim her neutrality—a very honourable > course no doubt—but on what side is she , and on what sid 6 wfll she act , if the war continues ? No one .
cansay . . , < 14 Can Prussia complain of the great confidence which France accords to Austria ? The conduct of , the latter power and that of Prussia are widely duTerest . Russia evacuates the Principalities by a movement which she declares to be purely strategiqal . Prussia , ait once deolares herself satisfied , whilst Austria immediately thereupon exchanges the Notes of the 8 th of August , Prince-Cyortachakofr " adheres on November 28-to the Pour Points , Prussia flatters herself that she has attained the object of "her efforts ; whilst Austria , on the contrary
slgw the treaty of December 2 with the Western Powers . On ; January 7 the ambassador of Russia accepts the interpretation of the Allied Powers . Prussia , completely Batttftbd- ; , sends a refusal to Austria to fulfil her . military Bngkgetnents resulting from the treaty of April 20 ; Austria , on the contrary , writes the next day to her alMfe liiai tiK « re ^ efltablishment of peace not having been ojmiMiA , bW has to propose to combine with them her mUtttrr'plaiu * , i * execution of article 6 of the treaty of <*> Wai PrnsBU : pretend that Austria finds , in the 1 ¦> . »¦¦¦(¦
alliance advantages which she , could ., not enjoy ? If so * what are they ? Sin <; e . she proppse , s to make , a Prussian treaty by the ; side at the Austrian one , she ought certainly to signify the precise signification , of that proposition . Is that the object of M , tJsedom's , visit tp London ? The mission of that diplomatist has been carefully invested with so much secrecy and so many confidential forms , that , to the present tune , the secret has not come , tothe knowledge of the French . Cabinet . " But the more pains are taken for concealment , the . more will be used for discovery . All , however , that the French Cabinet knows of that mission is , that Prussia
has been endeavouring to prevent the Allies from carrying the -war to the most vulnerable point , of Russia , and to interdict the passage of their troops across Germany . What did she- offer in compensation ? She offered to place a corp & d armee on the frontier of Poland—that is to say , that Prussia with one hand should turn aside the sword of the , Allied Powers , and -with the other hand cover the Russians with a buckler- One would , in truth , imagine that M . d'TJsedom haa several treaties in his portfolio * and that he produced at London by nais ^ taka that which ., he ought to have brought forward At St . Petersburg .
' The French Government ia very far fxom wishing to wqund the feelings of Prussia . It is in a loyal effusion qf feeling that it expresses itself thus . It wishes that its words should be listened to at Berlia , in order ta wake Prussia escape from a situation in -which it should have been happy not to see her- if its- previous , effort * had succeeded . "
« The -Fom Points." In The Present State...
« THE -FOm POINTS . " In the present state of the negotiations it may not be uninteresting to our readers to place in juxtaposition the interpretation : of the so-called " Four Points' * as understood by the Western Powers and Russia respectively . They are as follows : — WESTERN INTERPRETATION RUSSIAN INTERPRETATION AS CONTAINS © IN' T » If AS EXPRESSED IN THE PROXOOOl . OP AUGUST 9 , NO 2 FB OF JiOVEMtBER 6 , J 854 1854 . The Western Powers Trill be . contented :
1 . If tba Protectorate 1 , The protectorate of the hitherto exercised by Russia , Principalities on the Danube over the principalities of Mol- to be exercised in future by davla , Wallacl ) ia and Servia 0 ie Five Powers collectively , ceases , and if in future the nndefthe same conditions as privileges and immunities -those , stipulated in their fagranted by the Sultans to vour by our treaties with tbese their dopendenci ^ js be Turkey- ~ placed under th « collective guarantee of the powers by means of . a special treaty with the SuUUme Porte . 2 . If the navigation of the 2- Freedom of the naviga-Dunube be freed from all tion of the X > anube , already hindrances at its mouth , and extatihg de jure , the
restriuthe principles set forth in the tion of which waa never conapt , of tbe Congress of Vienna templated by Bussia . ~ be duly act « d upon and applied in this c « se . ^ 3 » If th « trpotj of Julv 1 , 3 , _ 3 . Be vision of the treaty 1841 V undergo a revision , '" of 18417 Itussiarivill not obwith the sanction of all the joct to the abolition of the contracting parties ^ for the treaty , ifTurkey , as the Btalo better re-establishment of the mostfv interested , consents to balance of power-in Europe , the afteration . and' for' the purpose * of re-Htricting the power of Bussia in the Black Sea . 4 . If Russia gives up her 4 . Joiat gnnrantees for the claim of exercising un otflcial civil and religious , liberty of protectorate over , tue subjects the Christian populatioa of of the Pocte , to whatever re- th » Ottoman Empire , with '
ligion they may belong , pro- out any distinction of relivided that 'France , Austria , gion , to he given by the Five Great Britain , Prussia , and Powers collectively . Bussia do not mutually agree to hike- the' initiative to obtain from the Snltan the confiiTnation'iind duo observance of the liborty of conscience of all the difierent Christian cliurcdiea in the dantUiions of Turkey , and in the commoa interest of their , co-relkionista to profit by the liberal intentions so disinterestedly expressed by H . M . the Suftan , but without lessening tliadlpnity . and independence of his throne .
Peace Soiree At Manchester. The Customar...
PEACE SOIREE AT MANCHESTER . The customary Tlemonstration previously to tlio req peninff of Parliament , was held last Friday in the Com Exchange , Manchester . The meeting- wns of course convened tor the purpose of giving the Peaceparty an opportunity of stating their views , and , as memberp > lacing their constituents . After some introductory remarks from tho Chairman , Mr . Wilson , Mr . T . M . GinsoN said it was customary for Members of Parliament to give an account of themselves , and the war ought not to prevent it . He and his friends had
been , accused ofrva & pgia minopities , but it ,-would be . found tibiat they had had . the d > £ in « u ^ ed « Qjnj ^ iwpa shin of her . Majeisty ' s IVXinistew of tea oj « tlwse / © jrcasiona . He regretted , the , wUhdrawal . of . the K ^ wjDt EiJ ^ ,. but thought it the -wisest course .. Alluding to the uvutiliatioa of the Bribery Bill * he said that the oaly-vBreventiv ^ against bripe ^ by inttoidatioin was the ballot .. Govern . ' * men * was apparently caniemplating the xjepesl of-, the newspaper stamp , which , he thoughit , shouldbe follawed ,
by repeal of the paper duty , it tttus Decam * a . nscai question , aja & . that , of course ^ led him to the wan . Mr , Gibson then went over the weU-known . " objects of the -war , " with aone of which ho agreed . It was a dry , digltK matic , purely theoretical question . The balancer ef powey was , a most fallacious doctrine , and many statesmen agreed with him that we had . nothing ; to d « with , Turkey , We Tnight have resisted without invading Russia . He concluded : with a , denunciation of ttve Go- ' vernwent which had put the country in an \ uinecesBarily
unenviable position . Mr . Bbiops 1 was . received with loud and : ijeoerofed cheering ,. He said ; - ** - " I most , fully coineide in . every- , thing thAt has fallen from my hon . friend . Theifthas been sonaetbing like a burrieane of feeling passing from , north to . south ,, and from east to west ; for thi ^ i ^ wid seems to have blown from every quarter at onc >;; but I don't admit at all , becax ^ se a hurricane of feeling like this -which has arisen , because there is , thw state of opinion , that therefore that opinion is . right ,, and that we , are . wrong . Opinions , real opinions ,, form slowly ; it is , passiQft that gathers , strength with ; this rapidity , and , I ; take it to . be . a , tbi » g capably of ^ 4 « aon ^ stratioS , that mUe » M this or any other country , a . questa
tion is reaUy s ^ timitted the . , test of argument * nd reason , and dQoidau alone , by- that test , such , are . the different circumatances of men , suobthe different points from which , they vie , iw a question * it is almost * perhaps absolutely , impossible that there should be that torrent of feeling in . one direction which we have lately witnessed so much of in this country ; but I wish to draw your attention , to one of the most dangerous symptpaas in our public condition , and illustrate it by the fact of the strong feeling which has existed in favour of the , war » I suspect , that wa are daily becoming a more credulous and excitable people ; and , reJy upon it , if there ba a credulous m « i-anywhexei there is somebody at bis elbow not unwilluig to avail-hiiuself of h « credulity . "
After describing the dismay at the Catholic aggression and the contemplated French invasion , Mr . Bright reviewed the circumstances of tba present war , and cast derision upon some social results whiclThave been considered gratifying . The French alliance , he thought , might have been obtained without it . " When the Emperor of France ; ' * ambassador waa at Constantinoplo , he had express instructions not to excite the Turks to refuse the demonda of BuseU . Our Minister alone excited them to . refuse those demaads When the Vienna note was offered to the Basaian Government , the French Government urged the Suasion . Government to accept it , on the ground that 'itsgeneral sense differed in nothing from tbe general , sense of ? the original pxopoaition of JPrince ; Mesnjcjbjkoff . ^ And "when , after that , the Emperor of Bussia offered veaecmA aasiir
ranoes and guarantees to IiO » d Westmoreland atrOimutz ^ tho Emperor of France ^ conjointly with Austria , and Prussia , admitted that these aasuroneea aufflciently guarded all the points ooswhioh England and Fnuace had been eoacemed , and that be . was ready to giva hia ambassador at Constantinople orders to sign those propositions , and to give them to the Turks in liea of the rejected Vienna note . Thus up to that point he had . done nothing that could : promote war j o » tha contrary , he had honestly accepted every mo . de > by which , peaco could be secured ; and our Government , on the contotwy acting in a manner opposedL to Austria and Pruaaift » and also . opposed to France , took a contrary eourec > and , although the Emperor of France did . not agree withy our policy , yet so anxious- was . he to have , the . , English alliance , that he plunged hist country into war rather than separate himself from the policy of this cowntryV *
After remarkingthat the press generally had had much to do with causing the war , Mr . Bright sal < 3 :-r" But , sir , there is one class of newspapers of which . I would speak even in other terms—that class which has become somewhat numerous of late , called the religio . ua newspapers , established apparently to show bow little they are influenced by religion . ( Ajijpiause . y I nresume a member of tho Christian religion tolls from bis pulpit that a single immortal soul weighs more , in the eye . of God than all the temporary concerns and interosjts of this planot . 80 , 000 men at , least have been slaughtered , or have died in tho course of this , war , in tho various armies engaged ; but the appetite of the religious newspapers Is not sated . I should like-to know what affinity , hero is between the salvation of the soul and the .
mangling and slaughter of the body ? Welv but I am opposed by other great authorities besides , tho public preea-Sttttoaincn of long standing , of long experience , of great reputation , came forward , and wo find them , in < direct opposition to the views which wo luive propounded . I speak of two of them in particular— -Lord . Pftlui & rstoa and Lord John Russell—men sitting , together ) nwv on . tho
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 27, 1855, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_27011855/page/6/
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