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LOUIS BLANC AND MAZZINI. Letteb II. {To ...
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the diocese , who will be the two sole governing authorities in educational matters . For persons , not Catholics , the authorization must come from the Consistory . At the same time , the new Departmental Academy founded by the Falloux law will be abolished , and the superior Council of the University suppressed ; in short , all the University authorities will disappear . The fio-ht of surveillance and- '' of- inspection , for-all educational establishments , will be given to the Bishops . The right will even extend to the " faculties . " As to the " faculty" of Theology , which has always been obnoxious to the Jesuits , it will be abolished . Thus will the monopoly of instruction be restored . Only the monopoly , instead of belonging to the University , will be in the hands of the clergy .
To understand the full gravity of this intelligence , it should be remembered that for fifteen years the ultra-Catholic party was at war with the University , in the nameof " liberty of instruction ; " that the majority of the Bishops took part in the struggle , in the name of the same principle , which had become the one recognised watchword of the whole party ; and that latterly the Falloux law had been accepted by the clergy as a " transaction , " in which it was complained that " liberty was a little sacrificed in its provisions , but that , taken as a whole , the law might be favourably regarded . " This law was framed according to the suggestions of M . de Montalembert , and it was in the name of "liberty" that it was attacked by the Univers . At this moment it is this same Univers party ; it is M . de Montalembert himself ; it is especially the
Archbishop of Rheims , and the Bishop of Langres , who are conspiring with the President to cancel the Falloux law , and to suppress the last vestiges of the "liberty of instruction . " Never was a more odious example of hypocrisy given by any party ! Regard these details as certain ; I I have been put in possession of them- —in great part , at least- —by an eminent ecclesiastic , who , like many priests of the second order—like all sincerely religious men , indeed , is alarmed to see the clergy giving the lie so impudently to the doctrines they professed throughout the reign of Louis Philippe , and attempting to reknit with the transient domination of Louis Napoleon that alliance of the throne and the altar which contributed more than any other cause to lower the tone of religious feeling in France under the Restoration .
" We reproduce , " says the Italia e Popolo of Feb . 19 , " the following inscription , drawn up in Bologna on the occasion of the anniversary of the proclamation of the Roman Republic . The letter which accompanies it , informs us that it was lithographed in various characters and colours , as we can ourselves testify from a comparison of the various copies sent to us . It was posted and circulated throughout the town . While reproducing it , we shall leave our readers to guess the reason of some gaps caused by that peculiar liberty of the
press which our Government and its fiscal agents allow us to enjoy at present . Our principal object is to put in relief the fact that , the republican aspiration survives persecutions and slaughters . We were ignorant of what happened in Rome and in Bologna , on the 9 th of February , when wo undertook a little while ago to study this question— " Whether in Italian democracy , faith was stronger than persecution P" We are the more reassured now that our conclusions on that subject will prove triumphant . Here is the proof : — " To-day , three yeai's have passed Since our territories Freeing themselves from a tyrannical yoke , Rose again to a new life . It seemed to be the decree of fate , the rewai * d Of ages of Buffering ; And it was but the earnest of a future compact . When the abominations Of — and Shall have cancelled all prestige of idolatry From the mind of the peoples , And when the peoples Through enlightenment and sacrifice Shall have profoundly learnt The art of freeing themselves , The return of this day Will bo the beginning of now ages /' . Roman Lithographic Press . February Otli , 1852 . The Refugee question is growing more * ' ugly" every duy . It is a littlo cloud tlmt . threatens to overspread the whole political horizon of Europe Our Paris corrospondonco of last week mentioned tho hostile and imperious attitude of Franco towards Hwit / orland > both as to the expulsion of refugees and the freedom of tho Federal Institutions ; the correspondent of tho Morning Chronicle , writing from Borne , circumstantially confirms the report of an insolent note of tho French Government to tho Federal Council , und of still moro insolent language hold by tho French Minister of Foreign Afluirs to tho Swiss Minister at Pium Austria
is said "to bd at the bottoin of the whble affair . " The upshot is , that " matters are complicated , and the relations of Switzerland with France , notwithstanding the disavowals of Louis Napoleon , anything but friendly . " On the part of the " Prince President , " this conduct is , as the Times remarks , doubly base : as it was Switzerland that once granted him , a convicted conspirator , at the . risk of her own independence , a secure and jealous asylum .
Lord Granville ' s apologetic concessions have been responded to by Austria with an asperity that proves how little is obtained by diplomatic capitulations—even of language—to the exacting vindictiveness of absolutism . In December last , Prince Swartzenburg endeavoured , in a captious and offensive form , to establish a parallel between the treatment , by the English Government , of a notorious American sympathizer , who was arrested , under very equivocal circumstances , in Ireland , in the thick of the outbreak of ' 48 , and the proper course to be pursued by Austrian authorities towards unsuspected English travellers in a time of profound peace .
In the latest dispatch , dated the 4 th of this month , and addressed to the Austrian Minister in England , Schwartzenburg acknowledges the perusal of Lord Granville ' s reply to the " reclamations ; " does not " contest to England the right of asylum itself , " nor pretend to declare the means to " obviate the flagrant abuses of that right . " After taking note of Lord Granville ' s " assurances , " and expressing a hope that , the English Government will employ " all legal means at its disposal" to " fulfil its international duties , " the dispatch concludes with this vague and indefinite menace , which , says the Times , " affords indisputable evidence that the vindictive spirit of the Austrian minister is directed , not so much against any particular Bvstem of foreign policy as against this country itself . "
"Meantime , however successful may be these dispositions of the English Government , the almost unbounded freedom of action enjoyed hitherto by the refugees in England , in concocting revolutionary schemes against the tranquillity of the states of the continent , imposes upon us the duty of taking on our side some precautionary , measures to shield us against the inconveniences and dangers of whicb that freedom is the source . The Imperial authority will receive immediate instructions to be doubly on their guard against travellers from England , and to carry out to the latter , as regards their passports , the regulations in vigour ^ to which , under other circumstances , exceptions were made in favour of British subjects . The Imperial Government , moreover , reserves to itself to take ulterior measures , should they , unhappily , be found necessary . "
So much for Schwartzenberg to Granville . Now what will Lord Malmesbury say and do as Tory minister of Liberal England ? We shall not forget to tak ^ iote of his every word , spoken or written ; and of all his acts and tendencies . England is not Tory because her ministry is Tory , unless it be in the fine old Tory jealousy of the national honour . Tho foreign policy of our new phenomenal Cabinet will be not less- closely watched than its commercial .
From Prussia we have accounts of the gradual restoration of all the old abuses more summarily than cautiously abolished in ' 48 . The whole interior political organization is being , in two words , which we coin for the purpose , unconstitutionalizcd , and ( even to some extent ) rofeudalized . In a debate in the First Chamber , as to the right of government to re-assemble the Provincial Diets , formally abolished by the law of March , 3 850 , tho Minister of tho Interior took occasion to protest against the " right" of the Chambers to discuss tho legality of administrative proceedings , and went so far as to exclaim that constitutionalism was the highroad to " revolution and Socialism . "
An important political trial has recently caused a sensation in Berlin . Tho arraigned pommage was Count Henri von Arnim , titular Minister of State , ex-Ambassador , and ox-Ministor of Foreign Aflliirs in tho brief liberal days . Ho was ( if we are not mistaken ) tho representative of Prussia at Paris in February , ' 48 . Count Arnim was accused of calumniating tho Government , by his writings . Ho wore his * ' decorations" at tho trial , which was conducted with closed doors . Ho was found guilty of an " offensive reference" to tjio Minister ( Mantouffel ) , whom" ho had accused of truckling to tho counter-revolutionary policy of Austria , and of obsequiousness to Schwartzenbueg . The 'sentence was a lino of 200 tlialers , or four months' imprisonment .
The . Emperor of Austria is reported to bo going to Hungary and Croatia . In tho lattor province , the Ban . Tellachich is rapidly losing his popularity .
Tho Vienna police are more vqxatious than over . Strikes for wages are serious crimes in that latitude , as it appears by an extract from tho Imperial Qazette , which contains the sontonco of Maria Niehwcger , a cigar-roller , to four months * imprisonment in irons Jind
twenty stripes witlrrodsV ; for inciting her feUo ^ ers to strike for wages ' . Vi * ¦;** The Sardinian government is , said to be " about * a send a special mission to Vienna , " to " renew friend ] relations ; " and important changes in the politics ^ P the cabinetoif Turin are looked for . Austria has promised to mediate , betw , een Piedino Y and the Pope . - . ¦ Letters from Naples state that the new ministry of the king have lately set some political prisoners at liberty , and alleviated the tortures of others . Poeri Nisco and 51 others have been removed from Ischia to a new prison in the interior of the country . The kinobegins to think it worth his while to conciliate the public opinion of England .
At Rome the anniversai-y of the Republic was celebrated with official precision , according ^ to the secret order of the day of the invisible government , a salute of 100 guns was fired by petards in different parts of the city , simultaneously , before the very eyes of the French troops . The French are building large cavalry barracks at the cost of the city . New and heavy taxes upon the primary , articles of consumption , a forced contribution of 250 , 000 scudi and an augmentation of the land-tax are the latest " popular" measures of the Papal Government , designed by Cardinal Antonelli . Under the blessings of these new taxes , the Carnival has commenced , without tnasTcs ! .
At Madrid there have been great rejoicings , illuminations , processions , & c ., in honour of the Queen's escape from assassination , and of her convalescence after confinement . Her Majesty has been making some very rich presents to the shrine of the Virgin at the church of Atocha . These offerings were brought to the church in great pomp , and deposited on the altar by royal hands . Among other gifts , were the garments worn by the Queen on the day of the attempted assassination . .
Austria has resolved to send a representative to the approaching Commercial Congress at Berlin , and to make great efforts , through the agency of Bavaria , to acquire a commanding influence in the reconstruction of the Zollverein . The commercial treaty between Hanover and the Zollverein ho » been , completed .
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Louis Blanc And Mazzini. Letteb Ii. {To ...
LOUIS BLANC AND MAZZINI . Letteb II . { To the Editor of the Leader . ) In his address to the Society of the Friends of Italy M . Mazzini declares that he is neither " anarchist" nor " terrorist . " He thunders against what he calls the " wild , absurd , immoral dream of Communism . " He inveighs against the abolition of property . He repudiates the forced establishment and the universalized
application of a system of social organization as of a nature to infringe upon the principle of liberty . He resists the suppression of capital , treating it as " evil to cut down tho tree for the sake of the momentary enjoyment of its fruit . " He does not admit of equality of salaries , whidi he accuses of taking into no account the moral worth of tho workman . In fine , he stigmatizes the _ exclusive worship of material interests , and the materialist doctrine which results in " substituting tho problem of the kitchen of humanity" to that of humanity itself . 0 » the other hand , he affirms that lie is no Socialist ,- "»» the sense in which the word is understood by systemmakers and sectarians in a neighbouring country . words that
Now , as it might bo concluded from these the " system-makers and the sectarians ina neighbouring country" ( France ) desire that which M . Mazzini r ^ cts ; that is to say , anarchy , terrorism , a savage Communism , the abolition of liberty and of property , tho suppression of capital , tho worship of the golden cair , and as such an interpretation would be of a nature to effectually servo ( most certainly against M . Mftzzjm s intentions ) that grand conspiracy of falsehood wlncn began by plotting against Socialism , and has at lengtn enmeshed all Europe , —it is important that the cxaoi truth should bo well known . In tho first place , tub Fbbnou Socialists abk *
Anarchists . Tho first writer who in France dared to moko himself the theorist of anarchy was M . Proudhon . jmv * from being a Socialist , M . Proudhon bow oxhnusicc , in attacking Socialism , all tho venom of his bitter talon A partisan of competition , unlimited and uncurbed , ' enemy to association , a violent assortor of individual" *'' j M . Proudhon has always bolonged to that selfish senw of laissez faire , laissez passer , laissez niottrir , ngm which tho Socialists have protested in the n « > n <) tho common brotherhood of mankind , under thoiiiihi w tion of tho Christian senthnont , and on behalf ot * people . Open , if you will , M . Proudhon ' s P * work , his / System of Economic ) Contradictor i •>
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 28, 1852, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_28021852/page/6/
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