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6^8 TiEEEi LEADEB; * n^,.,,
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IIDIA, ' • • ' • . ' - ¦ • AND ' . ¦ . ¦...
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surd, proceeds to show that, in the Hima...
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labour readily obtained, and there are T...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
6^8 Tieeei Leadeb; * N^,.,,
6 ^ 8 TiEEEi LEADEB ; * n ^ ,.,,
Iidia, ' • • ' • . ' - ¦ • And ' . ¦ . ¦...
IIDIA , ' • ' . ' - ¦ AND ' . ¦ . ¦ '¦ ¦ ¦ INDIAN PROGRESS .
Surd, Proceeds To Show That, In The Hima...
surd , proceeds to show that , in the Himalaya districts which he describes , there is abundant scope for occupation . For the north-west'he advocates the route by Kurrachee , and the Indus , ' which is navigable to Koopur , within thirty miles of Simla . Affirming that the Himalayas are better adapted to English emigration , and are far more inviting than either Australia ^ Natal , or Lower Canada , Captain Collins describes several of these districts .
^ —¦ INDIAN COLONIZATION . MR . T . G . COLLINS , late of the 13 th Light - ^** Dragoons , has published "An Essay in . favour of the Colonisation of the North and Nortli-west Provinces of India . " In this essay he has , besides till colonisation , had especial reference to cotton cultivation , and the proposed East India Cotton Company . Captain Collins , referring to the erroneous allegations by members of the House of Commons and others , that the idea of a colony of settlers in any part of India is visionary and
abof the Suliman mountains , on the east of the Purijaub , and on the borders of Afghanistan and Beloochistan . TheTakht-i-SMiman is 1 . 1 , 000 ' feet above the level of the sea ^ The general climate is like that of the Himalayas . The eastern declivity dips rather steeply to the valley of the lower Indus ; givingrise to numerous ¦ watercourses , which fertilise the perajot ,. arid are expended "by absorption or irrigation . It is suggested by Captain Collins that as the climate is wonderfully suited to the European constitution , the planters in the sultry valley of the Indus might here comfortably reside as a shelter from the heat of the plains , and at suitable periods visit their farms and superintend the native labourers in their various agricultural operations . A chain efforts has been erected on the east of this range , and garrisoned by the Indian Government , but portions of the range are in the territories of Dost Mahomed , and it is desirable to have an arrangement with him for the extension of the settlements .
The Punjaub itself , Captain Collins recommends for general agricultural operations . He says that ploughing oxen may be bought for 47 . to 71 . per pair , and sheep at ^ 10 s . each , and that there is abundance of labour at 3 d . a day . _ If , twenty years ago ( says Captain Collins ) , the Government had colonised the hills they would now have had in them a large force of acclimatised Europeans , all of them well " skilled in the use of the rifle , and expert as marksmen , and capable of ke eping the disaffected natives ih perpetual check , or of speedily suppressing such a rebellion as that which lately took place .
The author says that even now , in the second class department , one hundred persons ( adults ) may sail to Bombay and thence be taken to Kurrachee at a cost of 30 / . each ; but by increase of numbers and proper governmental regulations , the present rate of charge might be retlu-ced to 20 ? ., and the owners required to carry the emigrants direct to Kurrachee . From Kurrachee the Oriental Inland Steam Navigation Company expect to carry these emigrants to Simla , in a week , for 51 . a head
This is quite practicable , and as practicable to take emigrants to Darjeeling , Assam , Sylhet , or Cuhar for the same amount when the railway is opened , and to Matheran and Poonah for less at present . In time passengers will be taken from England to the Neilgherries , Shevaroys , and Pulneys for 20 Z ; , and to most of the coffee districts of the Dekkan for 25 Z . Indian emigration will become a most important feature in the development of India , if tiie Government do but bestow some care in its organisations .
Of the Simla district , he says that" Simla arid Kiissowlee , already possessing , during the summer , & considerable number of residents , afford a market on the spot . The cost of living is less hy onehalf in Simla than in any country of Europe , and the neighbourhood abounds with timber , well adapted for public , works . The valleys are well watered , and intersected with rapid streams , which could be made to turn any amount of machinery , flour , oil , or saw mills . Herds of cattle , yaks , horses , deer , antelopes , sheep , goats , & c , abound , and there . are sheep which yield a more valuable wool than is obtained from Australia or South Africa .
In the Simla district Oaj > tairi Collins includes the territories acquired :-from the Rajahs of Putteeala and Keonthul . The Dehra Dhoon is another district recommended by Captain Collins , but which may more justly be considered as a suitable appendage for letters at Landour and Mussoorie . The Dhopn consists of two valleys joining at their watershed ,
and lying between the sub-Himalayas and an advanced range of the Sewalik . The elevation of the Dhoon is , however , only 2 , 600 feet . Its soil and climate are suitable for tea , coffee , chocolate , -vanilla , rice , maize , cotton , cane and palm sugar , opium , hemp , indigo , and plaintain , but there , are portions of the Dnoon in which English p lants thrive luxuriantly . Dehra is only forty miles from Simla . Kote Kangra is a valley of great fertility in tho lower ranges south of the Himalayas , and of climate , like Simla , In 1851 a Government tea plantation was formed here , and has proved fully successful . Kangra is one of the most promising districts of the Indian New England , Adjoining are the districts of Bissahir and the small hill states of Chuinba , all of which deserve attention . Another important district is Lahoul , the English portion of Ladakh . Here we get upon the upper valleys of the Indus , among the Chinese and Tartar provinces . The other portion of Ladakh ia placed by us under the government of Maharajah
Ixholab Ding , but should be at an early period reclaimed together with Cashmere , which adjoins . Spill is a district adjoining Lahoul , which is in our possession . The harvests of Ladakh are productive , and they yield abundantly crops year after year from tho same land . Thore is valuable winter forage of prangos for goats , sheep , and cows . This country produces shawl-hair or wool , which is clipped twice a year . Shjeep ' s wool is also obpud attention is tue
xameo , no piuato improvement of goats' hair or sheep ' s wool . In tho lull states the sheep are employed to cany burthens of 20 or 80 pounds each . Tin , borax , salt , lambswool felt , camlets of camel ' s hair , and leather , afford articles of ' itrade . Ifebidos these distWctawhioh adjoin each other , ffil ^ U' form t ) be great heart of settlement in iS ^ v ? . i ? pfl * ko ( bulwark lagainst tUe Russians , as ^^ WngrvAesftTOj-SyilJUot , Cuhov , & c ,, do against * W !«^ ni » f *^ i ? mpii ^ l Nann 3 , any . assailants from that quarter , Captain Collins points out tho resources
Labour Readily Obtained, And There Are T...
labour readily obtained , and there are Teat faci lities for sending produce to Calcutta , but there is of course , some question whether an occupier is ' safe on his grant . The settlement of Oude will however , lead to many establishments in the ' hill towns . - We regret that- the Government has not encouraged the North of India ' Tramroad Company under the pretence that it means to lay down the tramroads itself , so that the district will wait lon <» enough for such communication , which is ball news for the mining and grazing countries of the upland .
It is again said that the Punjaub railways have beeii suspended through the military engineer of the Government interfering with the engineers of the Company . We had enough of tins nonsense in England , and were compelled to put a stop to the interference with civil engineers of Government engineers who knew nothing of railways . Mr . W . P . Andrew , chairman of the Company , however , states that the works are now goin « - on .
An important circular has been issued by the chief engineer of the north-west provinces , forbidding officers in Government employ from giving information to " projectors of schemes , " or carrying on correspondence with them . This is now causing some mutation , but public servants in India are so used to schoolboy dictation , and so content to take the sweets t > f office , that they have
not even protested against it , so far as is known . As , however , several of the gentlemen , in the Public Works department do not happen to be military officers , but to have received a liberal education , and to have been used to be . their own masters , it is not unlikely they may bring the ¦ matter under the notice of the Institution of Civil Kngineers , of which they are members : , with a view to the attention of the Government being directed io it . Mr . Hardinge , Assistant Commissioner at Murree has been promoted to Goojriii . Major Beclier , tlie _ Deputy Commissioner of Hazara has been directed to proceed to Knshmecr for the special protection of English travellers during the hot season . We are glad that Kashriieer has now been opened to traveller ? , and that the step referred to has been taken . We trust that Kashmeer and the conduct of its governor wilbe better known , so that it may be put under English protection . The appointment of Mr . H . F , Savmders to officiate as Deputy Commissioner of Kangra , in place of Major R . S . Taylor , promoted , is confirmed .
Lord Clyde ' s arrival at Simla is not yet reported . From Mu 3 soorie , it is stated that important and valuable mineral discoveries have been made by an officer in the tipper Dhoon . They include lead , copper , iron , and salt . The iron ores are said to be of a superior oharacter . As to the other hill towns , so visitors continue to flock to Mussoorie , and they say it will be a bumper season . Ladies get leave to the lull cities oven if their husbands arid fathers cannot , and many are living there for the sake of thoir children's education . At Jhereo Paunec , halfway between Mussoorie and Rajpore , Captain Hutton , of the Invalids , is , under Government orders ,, superintending the breeding of silkworms . They are there found to thrive famously on oak leaves . Tho marriage is reported at Dohra of Captain H . A . Brownlow to Ellen , daughter of Lieutenant Colonel J . Brind , and at Roorkec of William B . Buit , Esq ^ ., B . M . S ., to Miss Isabella Maunscll . At Darjeeling they are in strong hopes of getting their railway line to Calcutta and the northwest . In tho latter object they will bo disappointed . Herbert , son of Mr . Muspratt , died at Darjeeling on March 27 th . All we have to report from Nyneo Tal is the death of Ella , infant daughter of Lieutenant R . S . Graves , and leave of absence to Lieutenant G . W . Mauson , of the Qude Police , for six months , to the Nyneo Tal district . It is said that tho jQ-ovornmeiat is inclined to offer to Englishmen grants of land in the wild districts of Oudo on very liberal terms , and , that some of those gentlemen already- ' acquainted with the district have made application . The soil is rich ,
From Mount Aboo the marriage is reported ^ of Captain W . II . Beynon , 30 th Bombay NX , to Charlotte , daughter of Brigadier-General G . S . P . Lawrence . We arc rather surprised to find at the present day leave given for the Cape of Good Hope , when India is full of sanitaria if rnihvnys were opened to them . ForMahublcshwur Captain II . P . O ^ born has had extended leave , and Mr . V . K . S . Wyllio , B ; G . S ., has had leave to go there to stiuly Muratheu . Tho Bombay Commaudcr-m-C'lucf remains at Mahableshwur . . . .
_ . „ , Tho other junior members of the Bombay Civil Service learning languages nro allowed cool stations , except one unfbi'tunatc gentleman leit in Bombay . Messrs . Daniel and Smyth nro allowed to go to Tauna , and , we suppose , Mathornn , nna Mi ' . L . Copeland to Poona . The merit of Woopada , in Miidrn . x , fur a saju > tariura , has boon lately noticed . It U jn n neck ot land running out to the sen ward , ten nines nortu
of tho poi't of Cocanada and ciyht iroi . n banuucottah . A coi-respondcnt of tho 3 / udrns Athenaum recommends it as a cantonmont for English troops , and we trust it will receive tlio notice ot »» r Charles Trovolyan . It is sheltered from the hot land wind ' s , cvon in March , April , nnd May , so that tho thermometer seldom stmuls higher than 80 ° . There is no surf , there ia capital anchorage within 500 fathoms from tho beach , good bathing ,
soil well adapted for briokmnking , and lime ciicap . Loavo has beon given forLiout . T . H . ^ - R ° J " son of the 21 st Madras N . I ., and Knnigii J . Btojjhousc , tfth Madras NX , to proceed to the JNoiiglioiTics on leave of absonoc , nnd Onpt . G errarci oi tho 2 nd N . V . B . is permitted in a fctnccial case to reside thoro . A marriage has tukon P » w « " Ootakaraund of Cant . W . Symo , JltU Madras JNX , to Miss Anna M . Thorbum .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), May 28, 1859, page 22, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_28051859/page/22/
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