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March 29, 1851.] ®jh ^ WLt&ttU 291
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LIFE ASSURANCE. At the fourth annual mee...
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OMNIBUS IMPROVEMENTS. We are glud to see...
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THE POLISH AND HUNGARIAN REFUGEES IN LIV...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
In Wales, Which Would Never Have Taken P...
and liberated from all control except that of a court of Signed by order of the Committee , and on their behalf , T . Milner Gibson , President , 49 , Wilton-crescent . Francis Place , Treasurer , 21 , Brompton-square . J . Alfred Novello , Sub-Treasurer , 69 , Deanstreet , Soho . Bichard Moore , Chairman , 25 , Hart-street , Blooni 8 bury . jC . Dobson Collet , Secretary , 15 , Essex-street , Strand .
March 29, 1851.] ®Jh ^ Wlt&Ttu 291
March 29 , 1851 . ] ® jh ^ WLt & ttU 291
Life Assurance. At The Fourth Annual Mee...
LIFE ASSURANCE . At the fourth annual meeting of the Professional Life Assurance Company , held on Wednesday , a very satisfactory report was read , showing that the business transacted during the past year had nearly equalled the amount of all the preceding years together . The total income of the company at the present time , derived from premiums , after deducting assurances lapsed by death , amounts to upwards of £ 11 , 450 , the total number of policies issued is 1155 , and the total sum assured , £ 345 , 513 . Local boards of management have been formed at Manchester and Birmingham , and in some of the colonies . A dividend at the rate of five per cent , for the past year on the paid up capital was agreed to , and an increase of salary was awarded to the directors of the company .
Mr . Baylis , the actuary of the association , made some interesting statements on the prospects of the company , and its peculiar claims to the support of professional men . Let those who exercised their brains for an inadequate remuneration , who sat up from night till morn , worried with all the distress of literary labour , think of the advantages provided for their \ vi \ eB and families , and also for themselves under any of the adverse contingencies of life ; and where would they find an institution more suited to their necessities than the Professional Life Assurance Company . He then adverted to the impolicy of the old companies , in hoarding up vast accumulations of money , from which the assured could derive no benefit : —
" One of the old assurance offices had an accumulated capital of £ 9 , 000 , 000 of money , which had been laid np for ten years , but not a halfpenny of this could be employed for the benefit of the members during their lifetime . Now supposing this company had £ 9 , 000 , 000 of money , and they were sure to have it some day—( cheers ) the youngest man present might live to see the time , because ,, according to the principles of the society , they must of-neoessity make that sum . ( Hear , hear . ) What a considerable amount in the shape of interest would they have to divide among the members ? ( Hear . ) Supposing , however , at a more moderate calculation ,
they obtained only , £ 900 , 000 , that , at three per cent ., would produce £ 27 , 600 a-year—a sum sufficient to keep nearly every one connected with the institution from want , ( fafear . ') There were a great many parties connected with the old office to which he had alluded , who , by their subscriptions had contributed to its greatness and renown , but who , though in circumstances of poverty and distress , could not in their lifetime look forward for assistance to that enormous accumulation of nine millions of money . ( Bear . ) They would therefore see that it was not alWajB the best office which had the largest amount of fundsat its disposal . "
A vote of thanks to Mr . Baylis having been proposed , a shareholder asked if it were true that Mr . Baylis had Aided in the formation of a similar company to the Professional Life Assurance Company , and was now attached to it as consulting actuary ? Such a connection , he thought , would be injurious to their interests . Mr . Baylis said it ; was perfectly true that he had boon connected with the establishment of the Trafalgar Life Assurance Society , and that he had been appointed consulting actuary to it ; but it was not , therefore , to be inferred that be would neglect his duties to the Professional . Some actuaries were connected with twenty diifercnt companies . So great a belief had he in the inestimable advantages of life assurance , that he hoped the Trafalgar would not be the last modern office with which his name
would be associated . After a short conversation , in winch the chairman and other gentlemen expressed their opinion that , so far from the extension of their principles , through the means of the Trafalgar office , being injurious to this company , it was advantageous ; and that it would not bo fair to limit Mr . Baylia in the exercise of his profession more than other actuaries were limited . A vote of thanks was unanimously passed to Mr . Bayliw .
Omnibus Improvements. We Are Glud To See...
OMNIBUS IMPROVEMENTS . We are glud to see that the magistrates have made up their mind » to put down the cross-seat nuisance in omnibuses . The effect of it is , in most instances , to make live persons exceedingly uncomforable . Mrs . Winder , of Edmonton , was summoned before the bench at Guildhall , on Saturday , on a charge of lining an omnihuH to curry eleven persons , ulthough constructed to curry ten only , allowing ouch person the room directed by Act of Parliament . The complaint was made by Alderman Wilson who bad experienced great inconvenience from the crowded Htate of the vehicle . The objection was founded upon there being a cross Heat for three persons , which , prevented any of them from having room for their logs .
" Alderman Finnis said it was positively indecent to place a respectable female in such a seat where her knees must always rest on or under those of the person who might happen to be by her side . " The coachbuilder alleged that it "was all owing to the cheap fares , and if the public would not pay sufficient they must expect to be crowded . 4 Alderman Wilson stated it was a well-known fact that the omnibus proprietors had greatly increased their
earnings since the commencement of low fares , and some of them had amassed large fortunes . He considered it a disgrace to this country that the present system of inconvenience was allowed to go on with regard to the public carriages . We were far behind the French in this respect , for in Paris a person could stand upright and pass down the omnibus without touching any one . He would take care , however , that all the great companies should be summoned and compelled to construct their omnibuses according to the Act of Parliament .
" The coachbuilder said that he had constructed this and a number of other vehicles of the same sort to carry eleven passengers , but they should all be altered in accordance with the magistrate ' s decision , and the top seat for the eleventh passenger abolished . " As the defendant was a widow and pleaded guilty the magistrate fined her only Is . and costs .
The Polish And Hungarian Refugees In Liv...
THE POLISH AND HUNGARIAN REFUGEES IN LIVERPOOL . A committee has been organized in Liverpool to collect subscriptions for the immediate support of the refugees ; the ultimate object , however , being , as soon as proper arrangements can be made , to draft them off in lots of ten or twenty to the various towns throughout England and Scotland , where suitable employment can be gained for them . Bradford has consented to take four or five , and arrangements for public meetings are being made in various other towns . On Wednesday night , a meeting of the gentlemen engaged in organizing an . amateur dramatic performance for their benefit , was held at the Brunswick Hotel , Liverpool . There was a very large and respectable attendance . Mr . Charles Leach was called to the chair ; and , in a few preliminary observations , he called upon the secretary to read the report , of which the following is a brief abstract . Since their Last public meeting the committee had seen Mr . Copeland , with whom they had concluded an arrangement for taking the theatre for the proposed performance . They had received many offers of assistance from numerous professional and amateur ladies and gentlemen ; and , after some consideration , they had resolved that the performance should take place at the Theatre Royal , on the 2 nd of April . The entertainments will commence with a prologue , written
expreaely for the occasion by a resident gentleman , to be spoken by Mr . Barry Sullivan . This will be " oliowed by Colman ' s comedy of John Bull , in which the male characters will be entirely played by amateurs . The whole of the refugees will afterwards g ive some musical performances . To this will succeed the musical play of The Waterman , in which several distinguished amateurs will appear . Already upwards of £ 60 has been received for tickets , and there is every prospect of the house being filled to overflowing . Amongst the refugees there is a gentleman who was connected with the Polish stage , and is also a capital opera dancer . He will assist in the performance .
An appeal is being made to the various associations of operatives , and there is little doubt but that it will be responded to in that charitable spirit of liberality for which the working classes of England stand so distinguished . We hereby give the specification of those refugees in Liverpool who are already masters of the following trades : — Joiners , 5 ; sugar-refiners , 5 ; tailors , 11 ; brewers , 2 : locksmiths , 3 ; chemists , 2 ; gardener , 1 ; '
compositors , . ' {; lithographers , . " 5 ; saloon painter , 1 ; cutler , 1 ; bricklayer , 1 ; iron-mnnufuc hirers , 5 ; soapmaker , 1 ; bookbinder , 1 ; confectioners , 4 ; stonemason , 1 ; butchers , 2 ; dyer , 1 ; calico-printer , 1 ; architectural draughtsman , 1 ; musicians forming a band , 6 ; pianists , 2 ; opeia dancer , 1 ; sculptor , 1 ; M . D ., 1 . Upon the suggestion of the refugees themselves , their committee lias published in the Liverpool papers the ft How ing caution : —
" The public will do well to be on their guard against a set of follows who are soliciting uasiHtanee by representing themselves as refugees . The refugees decline to receive any contributions of any kind , except through their committee . " The following declaration has been sent to us by M . Szeredy , one of the ten HungariauH who was mentioned by M . Diossy as willing to proceed to America ; though he never dreamt of ho doing , an his declaration will t-how . M . Szeretly in preparing for publication a history of the relations betwixt , the Austrian Government and Hungary : —
" Since the refugees , forming the persecuted remnants of the participators in the Hungarian chuhr , have arrived at . Liverpool , many voioet * have been raised against them in . tU e English press , by parties from whom they ( tlw exiles ) sought neither advice nor help . The exiles did not come here to be a burden to any one ; they came here , beciuitu ) they hoped to eiinier find—than they could in Turkey—a field for earning a livelihood by their own excrtionH . Tho Emigration Company fancied it had found a prize in them ; hence , itu moat uctivo members did not not neglect to allure them by the
most brilliant promises , thus seeking to sever them far away from their fatherland . They did all they could to persuade them that there was no prospect for their finding employment in this country ; and it was especially M . Diossy ( my countryman ) who most busied himself in this respect ; he pictured to us the condition of England in the most gloomy colours , saying that every year enormous numbers of people die of starvation , and that thousands of families live upon , nothing but the sale of gathered horse-dung . ' I , myself , ' said he , obtained my present employment with the greatest difficulty , and only after having made a written declaration that I repented of ever having participated in
the cause of Hungary , and that I did so only upon Kossuth ' s inducement . Wishing you to escape the horrors of starvation , I cannot , as an honest man , give you better advice than to emigrate to America . ' Upon my observing that' I though it advisable , for the interests of our country , to keep every one of our countrymen in Europe , and not thus to send them away so far , ' he replied : ' A few men more or less can make no difference to our country . ' Possibly it may be so in the eyes of men who have either renounced the hope of a better future for their fatherland , and therefore have no love for it , or who have nothing to lose in Hungary ; but it would be far better even for such men to cultivate the
luxurious plains of HungaTy than the American steppes ; and thus by seeking a new fatherland be lost to the old
one . " As to gaining a livelihood in America , I , myself , am competent to judge of its possibility . Those , only , who either are tradesmen , or are provided with sufficient pecuniary means can live there ; but what have those to expect who possess neither of those two advantages , and who are only educated for literary pursuits . " It is true , as M . Pulszky states in No . 52 of the Leader , that Kossuth , in the first instance , proposed to our brethren to emigrate to America , but after mature consideration he altered his mind , and began to
endeavour to establish for them a more proximative colony in . Asia . In his letter addressed , in December last , to the Hungarian exiles , when they , with the Poles , were removed by the Turkish authorities from Shutnla to Constantinople , he actually dissuaded them rom emigrating to the United States , observing that all those who had resolved to do so were for ever lust to their native country , and repeatedly advised them either to remain in Turkey or in any of the European countries . The same patriotic reasons , uninfluenced by Kossuth , led me to look upon emigration as unadvisable . The Poles aie precisely of the same opinion .
" It was the fate of the Polish-Hungarian exile , however , to find upon their landing in Liverpool some sympathizing souls , who nobly took it upon themselves to find out means for their further sustenance . " Mr . Pulzsky is displeased at the said exiles calling themselves ' Polish Hungarian Refugees , ' but I , for my part , desire that that denomination should be preserved as long as there is one Hungarian amongst them . Everyone ' s feeling of national honour reject foreign denomination ; but the Poles are not in need of appearing under the ' name of Hungarians , ' for it is well known that their own Polish name never redounds but to their honour .
Should they nevertheless choose to designate themselves ' Hungarian refugees' they would be by no means in th « wrong , for they took an active part in the Hungarian struggle , and many of their brethren bled and perished for our Hungarian fatherland . I admit that under the Hungarian name , and at the expense of its honour , many base deeds are perpetrated by individuals belonging to various nationalities , but such deeds are practised only by those men who never participated in the defence of the Hungarian cause ; such can never be the case with those exiles now on the tapis . " As to the principles of nationality , I do notbind myself to any individuality , for I respect the men of whatever nation they he only as long as they preserve the principles for which we have shed our blood .
" For the rest my humble opinion is that every one of the abovementioned exiles must know what his duty relative to hi . s own country—though he sojourn in a foreign one ;—in , viz ., that he ought to have its name indelibly engraven in hi . s memory , and to religiously put asido everything that could contaminate its sacredness . " Liverpool , March 24 , 1 K 51 . " " J . Szkukdy .
The following letter , in reference to certain statementH made by M . Pnly . uk y has been received from Captain M . Domagalski : — " M . 1 'lliVNO IH PULS' / ICY . " 10 , Meltou-Htreet , KiiHtoii-squiire . " Sin , —Will you kindly permit me to answer , in as few words hh possible , M . Pulazky ' s letter inserted in your last week ' s number . " That M . Pulazky , in hia character of charge d ' nHuiresof JCoBHUth , should positively know that Mr . Diossy was really Kossuth ' H seoietury , cannot be doubted ; it is , however , not a . mutter of course that everybody should know with the same certainty that he iviih ho . Whether M . PuW / ky , to whom I w ; ih introduced by u letter given me to him by his friend M . f ) rierzkow . ski , ia justified in dubiously culling mo ' a certain Captain . Domauultdu , ' I leave your readers to decide .
" Had M . DioHsy limited hin pernunHioiiH to the ten Hungariantt who were amongst the 'UY 1 exiles arrived at Liverpool on the 4 th iimUnt , 1 should not have troubled you even with my first letter , which iippeured in your r > l « t number ; for that would have been but minding his own buwincHH , and quite in accordance with Kottauth ' s wihU concerning but his own countrymen , expressed in his letter of August 2 , 'tnl , lH , , of which M . I ' ulH / ky , for mere iiiHinuation ' n Hiikr , published an extract , in tho Ihtily News , precisely upon the urrivul of tlui 202 refugccH , thoug h only ten of them were llmignriuiiH , whilst 247 were PoIch , whom M . I ' ulszky , in the heading to tho just-mentioned extract , lievertheleHH choac to designate na ' Hungarian Itefugeee . ' But M . Dioosy , in
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), March 29, 1851, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_29031851/page/7/
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